Analysis of Adequacy and Reliability of SPAM Infrastructure based on Water Demand Projections in Simalungun Regency

Abstract

The availability of adequate clean water is one of the basic needs of the community and an important indicator of the quality of public services. This study aims to analyze the adequacy and reliability of the SPAM system in Simalungun Regency based on infrastructure capacity and projected future water needs. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with primary data obtained through in-depth interviews with SPAM managers, local government officials, and service user communities, as well as secondary data from official documents and related technical reports. The results of the study show that the current capacity of SPAM is nominally able to meet the clean water needs of people in urban areas, but there is a gap in services in some rural areas and new settlements. The level of system reliability is influenced by supply continuity, distribution efficiency, and water source reserves, where network leakage and uneven distribution are the main obstacles. Other factors that affect include water source capacity, distribution infrastructure conditions, operational management, as well as population growth and water demand patterns. Based on these findings, a sustainable SPAM development strategy is needed, including increasing water source capacity, expanding and improving distribution networks, strengthening operational management, planning based on projected needs, and community involvement in water management. The implementation of this strategy is expected to increase the adequacy, reliability, and sustainability of SPAM services in Simalungun Regency, both now and in the future.