The Role of Positive Parenting and Authoritative Parenting in Reducing the Risk of Violence Against Early Childhood at RA Ummi Barokah Asahan

Abstract

Violence against early childhood is a multidimensional and urgent issue in the fields of developmental psychology, early childhood education, and family health. Global research consistently indicates that parenting quality is a primary determinant in preventing or exacerbating the risk of child maltreatment. This study aims to comprehensively examine the role of positive parenting and authoritative parenting in reducing the risk of violence against early childhood, integrating both approaches within a single analytical framework. The method employed is library research with a content analysis approach applied to 25 scientific sources comprising reputable national and international journals, as well as official documents from international institutions, published between 2006 and 2025. The results reveal three major findings: (1) positive parenting effectively reduces violence risk through mechanisms of secure attachment formation, parenting stress reduction, and enhancement of children's emotional regulation capacity; (2) authoritative parenting contributes through the application of rational, consistent, and democratic discipline that inherently rejects the use of violence; (3) the synergistic integration of both approaches produces a more comprehensive parenting framework that is proven more effective than applying each approach separately. The implications of this study affirm that evidence-based parenting education programs integrating both approaches need to be systematically developed in early childhood education institutions as a primary preventive measure against early childhood violence.