The Concept of Family Education For Early Childhood According to Zakiah Daradjat and its Relevance to Children’s Social Development in the Modern Era

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the forms of collaboration between teachers and parents in developing children’s spiritual intelligence at RA Zahro Salim Panyabungan, the implementation of collaborative programs, supporting and inhibiting factors, and efforts made to maintain the continuity of spiritual habituation. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through observation, interviews with the head of the madrasah, teachers, and parents, as well as documentation of school activities. Data analysis was conducted through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was tested using source triangulation, technique triangulation, and member checking. The results show that collaboration between teachers and parents is carried out through regular communication, joint habituation planning, religious activities, communication books, child development consultations, parent meetings, and guidance of spiritual activities at home. The development of spiritual intelligence includes modeling, habituation of prayer, performing salah, memorizing short surahs, expressing gratitude, sharing, honesty, maintaining cleanliness, apologizing, and showing care. Collaboration strengthens value consistency between school and home, increases children’s engagement, and helps teachers understand each child’s background. Obstacles include limited parental time, differences in parenting styles, uneven communication, and inconsistency of habituation at home. The study concludes that dialogic, planned, flexible, and continuous collaboration can strengthen children’s spiritual intelligence development. Its success depends on shared goals, adult role modeling, two-way communication, and joint evaluation of child development.