The Legal Challenges of Corporate Criminal Liability in Robot Trading and Binary Option Investment Fraud

Abstract

The development of digital investment platforms, particularly robot trading and binary option applications, has created new opportunities for investment while simultaneously generating complex forms of investment fraud. This research aims to analyze the legal challenges of establishing corporate criminal liability for fraudulent investment activities conducted through robot trading and binary option platforms and to examine the adequacy of the existing legal framework in protecting investors. This research employs a normative juridical method using a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively through systematic and juridical interpretation of legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly literature concerning corporate criminal liability, digital investment, and financial fraud. The results demonstrate that establishing corporate criminal liability in digital investment fraud faces challenges related to identifying the corporate actor, attributing criminal conduct to corporations and their management, proving fraudulent intent, tracing digital financial transactions, and determining the relationship between corporate responsibility and the individual responsibility of directors or other controlling persons. The research concludes that corporate criminal liability must be strengthened through clearer attribution standards, effective digital evidence mechanisms, and coordinated financial and criminal law enforcement. The implication is that regulatory harmonization and stronger corporate accountability are necessary to provide legal certainty, protect investors, and prevent the development of increasingly sophisticated digital investment fraud.