Proceedings of International Conference on Islamic Community Studies
Proceedings of International Conference on Islamic Community Studies is a research result for global academic conference that commenced in 2023. It serves as a platform for scholars and researchers worldwide to explore and discuss various aspects of Islamic communities, fostering a deeper understanding of their social, cultural, and religious dynamics.
Analysis of the Need for a Centralized Solar Power Plant (PLTS) as an Alternative Electricity Supply for Sucker Rod Pump
The PLTS system is an effort to improve electrical power reliability, electrification ratio, and renewable energy utilization. The availability of electricity is extremely urgent. This is to complement the needs of the production process, especially the SRP pumping motor. The current electrical conditions of the industry still rely on PLN electricity and generators for production activities every day. However, the design of the PLTS system is expected to be able to achieve the electricity needs of SRP in the industry. Electric power networks in the industry are obtained from PLN and generators. So in this case of course the generator is still very necessary. To find out the capacity of panels and batteries that will be used in the Centralized PLTS Development in the industry, especially at the Sucker Rod Pump. The method used in this study is a quantitative method because it involves calculating the capacity of solar panels, daily energy requirements, and numerical system analysis. The results of this study show that the total energy demand for electricity supply for SRP needs is 264 kWh/day. The total panel capacity required is 106kWp with a total of 200 monocrystalline panels with a capacity of 550Wp and 128 batteries with a capacity of 24V 200Ah. The inverters used are PV1800 ECO Series 6,200W inverters of 20 pieces.
Copyright (c) 2025 Joni Putra Laia, Siti Anisah; Mhd. Erpandi Dalimunthe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Trust in Mediating Customer Reviews and Influencer Endorsements on Purchase Decisions: A Conceptual Study on GoFood
The rapid growth of online food delivery platforms has transformed consumer behavior, making digital engagement a critical determinant of purchase decisions. Among these factors, customer reviews and influencer endorsements have emerged as powerful drivers that shape consumer perceptions and choices. However, the effectiveness of these drivers often depends on the degree of trust consumers place in the platform. Without trust, even persuasive reviews or endorsements may fail to translate into actual purchasing behavior. This conceptual study seeks to examine the role of trust in mediating the relationship between customer reviews, influencer endorsements, and purchase decisions on the GoFood platform. Drawing upon theories of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), social influence, and trust in digital platforms, this research proposes a framework in which trust functions as a central mechanism that connects external cues (reviews and endorsements) with consumer decision-making. The framework emphasizes how positive reviews and credible influencer recommendations enhance platform trust, which in turn strengthens consumer intention to purchase.The purpose of this paper is not to present empirical findings, but rather to establish a conceptual foundation for future testing. By advancing this model, the study is expected to contribute theoretically to the literature on digital marketing and consumer trust, while offering practical insights for platform managers and marketers seeking to strengthen consumer confidence and loyalty. Ultimately, this conceptual framework highlights the importance of building trust as a sustainable strategy in the competitive online food delivery market.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andri Aulia Lubis, Erwansyah; Elfitra Desy Surya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Visual Communication in Wedding Photography: A Case Study of @fng_photography on the Promotion of Batak and Minang Culture
Technological advances continue to evolve over time, including in the world of photography. Photography itself is a process or method to create an image or photo of an object by recording the reflection of light falling on the object in a light-sensitive medium. One branch of photography is Wedding photography, which is taken during the couple's wedding. With the development of the times, marriages that used to always follow local customs are now becoming more and more rare. Using traditional clothes in weddings is one of the efforts to preserve Indonesian culture. One of the tribes that still often wear traditional clothes in weddings is the Batak and Minang customs.The author obtained photography documentation of Batak and Minang traditional weddings from the photo studio fng photography Studio, It is a photo studio that consistently documents Batak and Minang traditional weddings. The photos uploaded by the account introduce the culture through the display of traditional Batak and Minang traditional clothing, which is usually worn on special moments such as wedding ceremonies. Uploads on @fng_photography Instagram account are a form of visual communication that also serves as a cultural promotion. These photos allow Instagram users around the world to see and appreciate the uniqueness of the Batak and Minang cultures, so it is hoped that they will add to their insight into the rich culture found in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ruly Dwi Arista https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of The Need For Solar Power Plants (PLTS) as a Backup Source of Electrical Energy at Base Transceiver Stations (BTS)
The electricity supply for BTS power needs generally uses generator sets as the main energy source. On the other hand, the continuous use of generator sets also has a negative impact on the environment. Based on these issues, the use of environmentally friendly technology is one of the most suitable alternatives to be applied to the BTS system owned by telecommunications service providers. The use of solar energy as an alternative energy source will have a significant impact on saving fossil fuel consumption. From the data obtained, it is known that the power capacity for BTS operation per day is 10.6 kVA or 8.48 kW. If the BTS operates at a constant power for 24 hours, the total power required is 203.52 kWh. The next step is to determine the assumption of losses with a value of 15%. This is because all the components of the system used are new (not old or used components). Thus, the total energy requirement for the microgrid system will be 234,048 Wh or 234.048 kWh Translated with DeepL.com (free version). Based on the results of calculations and direct measurements, the BTS requires a power capacity of 10.6 kVA or 8.48 kW per day. The inverter capacity uses 10 kW more than the power required by the BTS to avoid overload when using the BTS load. The solar power plant at this BTS uses mono-crystal solar panels with a capacity of 455 Wp/panel and 183 solar panel modules are installed, bringing the total to 83,265 Wp. This solar power plant uses 11 batteries with a capacity of 48V 100 Ah. It uses 11 Solar Charger Controllers (SCC) with a capacity of 100-25A each Translated with DeepL.com (free version).
Copyright (c) 2025 Eden Efraim Tarigan, Dino Erivianto; Rahmaniar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Relationship of Green Finance and Green Resource Investment on Green Growth In Brics Country
The rapid growth of the BRICS countries over the past ten years has exacerbated the climate crisis and threatened global development. Their biggest challenge is balancing the drive for socioeconomic growth with environmental preservation. This study analyzes the impact of green finance, green resource investment, and Renewable Energy Consumption on green growth across time periods (short, medium, and long term) in BRICS countries using a VAR (Vector Autoregression) model and World Bank data (2000-2023). This research, through FEVD results, convey that green finance is the second variable after green growth itself that becomes a policy recommendation for the success of green growth in BRICS countries. Green resource investment is the third variable after green finance as a policy recommendation for successful green growth in BRICS countries. Meanwhile, the results of the VAR estimation show that renewable energy consumption is the variable with the largest contribution, followed by green finance. It can be concluded that the role of green finance greatly influences the success of green growth in BRICS countries
Copyright (c) 2025 Fachrial Djannah Rosadi, Lia Nazliana Nasution; Rusiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Recognition And Position of Customary Criminal Law in The New Indonesian Criminal Code
Customary Criminal Law in Indonesia is a manifestation of the living law that has long been rooted in the life of society. This law functions to maintain balance and social harmony, in contrast with positive criminal law which is oriented toward punishment. The existence of customary criminal law in the history of Indonesian law has often been marginalized by the codification of colonial legal heritage. However, with the birth of the New Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana / KUHP) through Law Number 1 of 2023, Customary Criminal Law gains legitimacy through recognition of the “Law that Lives in Society.” This article aims to analyze the recognition of Customary Criminal Law in the new KUHP and its position within the National Criminal Law system. The research was conducted using a normative juridical method through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The study results show that although the new KUHP provides legitimacy for Customary Criminal Law, there are still major challenges, including the potential for disharmony with the Principle of Legality, Protection of Human Rights, and Legal Certainty. Therefore, clear implementation guidelines are required so that Customary Criminal Law can truly become an inclusive instrument of justice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Servasius Edwin Telaumbanua, Ismaidar; Suci Ramadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Juridical Analysis of Criminal Liability For Perpetrators Of Corruption Crimes Committed By Regional Officials (PN. 3749K/Pid.Sus/2023)
Corruption committed by regional officials is a form of serious violation of the integrity and public trust in the administration of government. This research aims to analyze juridically the form of criminal responsibility for perpetrators of corruption crimes who serve as regional officials, focusing on the Case Study of the Supreme Court Decision Number 3749K/Pid.Sus/2023. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a qualitative analysis method that examines relevant legal provisions, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The results of the study showed that in the decision, the judge considered the defendant's position as a regional official as a criminal aggravating factor, considering the defendant's strategic position which should be an example in clean and corruption-free governance. Criminal liability is imposed based on the provisions of Law Number 31 of 1999 jo. Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption. These findings underscore the importance of integrity in public office and the need for firm and fair law enforcement to provide a deterrent effect to corrupt actors, especially in local government environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Fadillah Wijaya Buntama, Fitria Ramadhani Siregar; Lidya Ramadhani Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Mosque Youth in Preventing Deviant Behavior among Adolescents
The phenomenon of deviant behavior among adolescents, such as promiscuity, misuse of social media, and low participation in religious activities, poses a serious challenge for modern society. This study aims to analyze the role of Mosque Youth in preventing deviant behavior through a case study at Al-Ikhlas Mosque, Tanjung Gusta Village. The research employed a qualitative approach with data collection techniques consisting of in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using Miles & Huberman’s model, including reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that Mosque Youth play three significant roles: as peer educators who provide exemplary religious practices and moral conduct; as organizers of religious, social, Islamic sports, and arts activities; and as social mediators who bridge communication between adolescents, religious leaders, and the community. Preventive strategies include establishing positive youth communities, implementing Youth Islamic Camps and short Islamic boarding programs, and utilizing social media as a creative da’wah platform. Challenges encountered involve low youth participation due to external influences, limited financial and facility support, and the stigma that mosque activities are monotonous. Nevertheless, supporting factors such as community support, youth enthusiasm, and collaboration with schools and community leaders strengthen the sustainability of these programs. This study highlights the strategic role of Mosque Youth in building social and spiritual resilience among young generations to prevent deviant behavior in the digital era
Copyright (c) 2025 lswanto Ariga, Hadi Saputra Panggabean https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cybersecurity Audit and IT Risk Management
Cybersecurity and IT risk management have become paramount for organizations in the face of growing cyber threats. As digital technologies and interconnected systems evolve, organizations must implement robust frameworks to safeguard sensitive data and ensure business continuity. This systematic literature review (SLR) examines 14 scholarly articles published between 2019 and 2025, focusing on the role of cybersecurity audits, IT risk management frameworks, leadership influence, and the impact of prior cyberattack disclosures on cybersecurity practices. The review addresses three central research questions: (1) How do cybersecurity audit frameworks contribute to improving IT risk management practices across various sectors? (2) What is the role of leadership, such as CEO power and audit committees, in shaping cybersecurity audit and IT risk management strategies? (3) How does the disclosure of prior cyberattacks impact the effectiveness of cybersecurity audits and IT risk management reporting? The findings suggest that cybersecurity audit frameworks, such as NIST and blockchain-based models, play a critical role in identifying and managing cybersecurity risks. Leadership involvement, especially from CEOs and audit committees, significantly shapes the effectiveness of cybersecurity strategies. Furthermore, disclosing previous cyberattacks fosters transparency, enhances investor confidence, and improves cybersecurity audits and reporting. This review provides comprehensive insights into the evolving role of cybersecurity audit and IT risk management frameworks, offering theoretical and practical recommendations for organizations aiming to enhance their cybersecurity resilience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andreanov, Renny Maisyarah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Validity of Electronic Informed Consent in Hospital Services: A Juridical Analysis Based on Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health
The digitalization of healthcare services has transformed the process of obtaining informed consent, introducing electronic informed consent (e-consent) as a tool to enhance efficiency, transparency, and legal accountability. This study aims to analyze the juridical validity of e-consent in hospital services within the framework of Indonesian law, particularly Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health. Employing a normative juridical research approach, the study examines primary legal sources, including statutes, ministerial regulations, medical codes of ethics, and relevant Supreme Court rulings, as well as secondary sources from scholarly literature. The findings indicate that e-consent can be considered legally and ethically valid if it fulfills key requirements: clear and comprehensive information, patient understanding, and voluntary consent, supported by robust authentication and data integrity mechanisms. Law No. 17/2023 affirms patients’ rights to information and voluntary decision-making, while implementing regulations and ethical standards ensure procedural clarity and accountability for healthcare providers. The study concludes that e-consent represents a legally recognized instrument, capable of safeguarding patient autonomy, enhancing administrative efficiency, and providing legal protection in medical practice. This research contributes to the development of normative frameworks for integrating digital consent mechanisms into Indonesian healthcare services, offering guidance for policymakers and practitioners in implementing e-consent systems aligned with both legal and ethical standards.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gladdays Naurah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital Innovation for Seafood Market Expansion: Economic Analysis of Value-Added Products in Pulau Ketam
This research investigates the economic potential of market expansion through digital innovation for value-added seafood and herbal products from Pulau Ketam. The study employs a mixed-method approach combining quantitative market analysis and qualitative stakeholder interviews to assess the viability of digital transformation strategies. The research examines current market conditions, digital adoption barriers, and potential economic benefits of implementing innovative technologies in seafood processing and marketing. Results indicate significant opportunities for revenue growth through e-commerce platforms, digital marketing, and value-added product development. The findings reveal that strategic digital innovation can increase market reach by 40-60% and enhance product value by 25-35%. The study concludes that systematic digital transformation, supported by appropriate infrastructure and training programs, can substantially improve the economic sustainability of Pulau Ketam's seafood industry. These findings have important implications for policy makers and industry stakeholders in developing coastal economies through technology-driven market expansion strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dian Septiana Sari, Annisa Ilmi Faried; Tuan Zamilah Binti Tuan Husain, Widia Br. Ginting https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Commitment Towards Internal Auditor Job Satisfaction in Indonesia
This study aims to examine the relationship between commitment and job satisfaction of internal auditors in Indonesia through a literature review approach. Internal auditors play a strategic role in maintaining the effectiveness of internal control systems and organizational governance. However, high workloads, professional pressures, and limited organizational recognition often result in low job satisfaction. This study examines various national and international literature related to the dimensions of commitment particularly affective, normative, and continuance commitment and how they influence the level of job satisfaction of internal auditors. The results of the review indicate that affective and normative commitment tend to have a significant positive relationship with job satisfaction, while continuance commitment shows a weak or even negative relationship. This study concludes that improving internal auditor job satisfaction requires organizational support oriented toward career development, role clarity, and a participatory work climate. These findings provide a basis for organizational policymakers to formulate retention strategies and improve the performance of internal auditors in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salman Farizi, Rahima Br Purba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Voluntary Switching Factors to Switch Public Accounting Firms: A Case Study in Indonesia
This study investigates the voluntary factors that influence Indonesian companies in their decision to switch public accounting firms (PAFs). The demand for auditing services has played a significant role in the growth of the public accounting profession in Indonesia. The rising number of public accounting firms has led to increased competition among them. Under these circumstances, companies may decide to switch their auditors. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, the research explores motivations behind auditor changes beyond regulatory mandates. Key factors identified include audit fees, auditor expertise, independence, client-auditor relationship quality, firm reputation, and alignment with business strategy. Findings provide valuable insights for both accounting firms and corporate clients in Indonesia, aiming to enhance audit service quality and strengthen professional relationships. In summary, the literature shows a wide range of influencing factors including financial distress, management turnover, audit opinion, auditor reputation, and audit fees. However, these findings are not entirely consistent, suggesting the need for a contextual and sector-based understanding. Regulatory, cultural, and relational dynamics in Indonesia add further complexity to these decisions, reinforcing the need for ongoing research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lasson Padang, Rahima Br Purba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of Debt Management on Profitability: A Study of Automotive Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Debt is all financial obligations of the company to other parties that have not been fulfilled, both short-term debt and long-term debt. Debt can affect the company's ROE. Return on equity (ROE) shows the company's ability to generate profits from the equity used. This ratio is obtained from profit before tax divided by total equity. The purpose of this study is to determine and empirically prove the effect of debt on ROE in Automotive companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study, an associative research approach is used, which is a study to determine the effect between independent variables and their dependent variables. The sample of this study was 12 automotive companies. To prove the hypothesis proposed in this study, a simple linear regression statistical tool was used with partial testing (t-test). Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it can be proven that debt has an effect on ROE. The R-square value of 0.129 proves that the contribution of the independent variable (debt) in explaining its effect on the dependent variable ROE (Return On Equity) is 12.9% while the rest (100 - 12.9 = 87.1%) is influenced by other factors such as capital structure, working capital, sales and so on.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdizil Ikhram Lubis, Renny Maisyarah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impact of Auditor Intuition and Experience on Fraud Detection of Kantor Akuntan Publik in Indonesia
The type of research conducted in this study is quantitative research with a causal relationship dimension (causal effect), namely a study conducted on facts to empirically prove the influence of a variable on another variable. The population in this study were all auditors at KAP in Indonesia. The sampling technique used random sampling where the samples were randomized and taken as many as the target sample set, namely 200 samples. The data analysis technique used SEM-PLS analysis. The result of auditor experience plays a significant role in error detection. The second hypothesis test proves that intuition has a significant effect on error detection. Partially, auditor intuition plays a significant role in error detection. However, auditor intuition does not stand alone in influencing fraud detection ability. This study also introduces auditor experience as a moderator variable. Auditor experience refers to the length of time the auditor has been in professional practice and the diversity of audit cases that have been handled. Auditors who have extensive experience tend to have more honed and accurate intuition because they have faced various fraud patterns, financial statement manipulation techniques, and audit avoidance strategies. Therefore, experience is expected to strengthen the relationship between intuition and the success of fraud detection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juninetenth Keeply F Sitanggang, Irsan Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analyzing the Influence of Cash and Working Capital Turnover on the Profitability of Indonesia’s Food and Beverage Sector
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of cash turnover and working capital turnover on working capital turnover in Food and Beverages Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study, an associative research approach is used, which is a study to determine the effect between independent variables and their dependent variables. The sample of this study is a Food and Beverages company that meets the sample criteria of 11 companies for the period 2020 - 2024. To prove the hypothesis proposed in this study, a multiple linear regression statistical tool is used with hypothesis testing (t-test) and simultaneous testing (F-test). Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it can be proven that the cash turnover variable has a significant effect on profitability. This can be seen from the results of the hypothesis test whose significance value is less than 0.05, which means the hypothesis is accepted. The working capital turnover variable does not have a significant effect on profitability. This can be seen from the results of the hypothesis test whose significance value is greater than 0.05, which means the hypothesis is rejected. Cash turnover and working capital turnover together have a positive effect on profitability because they have a significance level of less than 0.05 (5%), which means the hypothesis is accepted.
Copyright (c) 2025 Inda Novita Sari, Renny Maisyarah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Forensic Auditing in Corporate Governance and Risk Management
This systematic literature review (SLR) examines the role of forensic auditing in enhancing corporate governance and managing fraud risks across organizational frameworks. By synthesizing findings from twelve peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2014 and 2025, the review explores the integration of forensic auditing practices with corporate governance structures and their impact on mitigating financial fraud. The findings indicate that forensic auditing plays a crucial role in strengthening internal control systems, improving fraud detection, and promoting transparency within corporate entities. It not only serves as a tool for detecting fraud but also acts proactively, identifying weaknesses in governance frameworks that may lead to financial misreporting. This review highlights the growing importance of forensic auditing as both a reactive and preventive mechanism, essential for safeguarding financial integrity and fostering corporate accountability. The study also explores how forensic auditing, when combined with technology and governance strategies, enhances decision-making processes, reduces financial risks, and strengthens ethical practices within organizations. The research findings contribute to the understanding of how forensic auditing can be strategically implemented to improve governance and risk management in the increasingly complex global business environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Topan Lilian Napitupulu, Rahima Br Purba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Promotion, Positioning, and School Choice: The Mediating Role of Brand Equity in an Indonesian Islamic Senior High School
The decision-making process of students and parents in selecting a school is increasingly influenced by marketing-oriented factors such as promotion, positioning, and brand equity. In a competitive educational landscape, schools are required not only to deliver quality learning but also to communicate their value effectively to prospective students. This conceptual paper aims to explore the relationships between school promotion and positioning on school choice, with brand equity serving as a mediating variable. Drawing upon theories of consumer behavior and educational marketing, the study positions school promotion as the strategic communication efforts to attract prospective students, while positioning represents the distinct identity created in the minds of the community. Brand equity, in turn, functions as a psychological bridge that enhances trust, reputation, and perceived value of the school, which can ultimately shape students’ decisions to enroll. This research adopts a quantitative explanatory design, proposing a structured survey distributed to students and parents at Madrasah Aliyah Swasta (MAS) Cendikia Bunayya, Kabanjahe, North Sumatra. Data will be analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test both direct and mediating effects. The expected contribution of this paper is twofold: theoretically, it extends the application of brand equity as a mediating construct within the educational marketing domain; practically, it provides actionable insights for school managers and policymakers to strengthen strategies that align promotion and positioning with brand equity, thereby enhancing competitiveness in the education sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Nuraya Karo Karo, Erwansyah; Nurafrina Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) explores the integration of smart contracts and blockchain technology into auditing practices, synthesizing findings from 16 peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2025. The review aims to analyze the adoption, impact, and challenges of smart contract-based auditing systems, focusing on key technological innovations such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning. These technologies offer significant improvements in audit efficiency, transparency, and security by automating processes, enhancing vulnerability detection, and ensuring real-time reporting. While the potential of smart contract-based audits is substantial, challenges such as complexity in smart contract code, scalability issues, and security vulnerabilities remain. The review identifies these barriers and suggests future research directions, including the development of hybrid blockchain models, further integration of AI-driven tools, and addressing legal frameworks for decentralized audits. The findings underscore the transformative potential of smart contracts in modernizing audit practices, particularly in industries like finance, healthcare, and government services, where data integrity, transparency, and fraud prevention are crucial. This review contributes to the consolidation of existing knowledge, offering practical insights for the implementation of smart contract-based auditing systems. It also highlights the need for further research to address the challenges and explore the full potential of blockchain and smart contracts in the auditing field. By highlighting the existing gaps and opportunities, this review paves the way for the future development of more efficient, secure, and transparent auditing systems across industries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aris Setiono, M. Irsan Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Reporting on Financial Auditing: A Systematic Literature Review
This systematic literature review (SLR) explores the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting and financial auditing, focusing on the role of audit committees, audit quality, and financial audits in enhancing CSR disclosure practices. The review synthesizes findings from 16 empirical studies published between 2017 and 2025, examining various global contexts, including Australia, Iran, South Korea, the UK, China, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, Jordan, and others. The analysis highlights key themes such as the impact of audit committee characteristics (e.g., independence, expertise, and size) on the quality of CSR reporting, the importance of audit quality in ensuring credible CSR disclosures, and the growing integration of financial audits with CSR assurance processes. The review also identifies the complementary roles of internal audit functions and governance structures in enhancing sustainability and CSR reporting practices. The findings suggest that audit committees with specialized expertise and high-quality audits contribute to more reliable and transparent CSR disclosures, fostering greater accountability and trust among stakeholders. Despite the significant contributions of these studies, gaps in the literature remain, particularly in the context of emerging markets and the role of digital technologies in CSR and auditing practices. Future research should explore these areas to deepen the understanding of how financial audits influence CSR reporting in diverse organizational and geographical settings. This review provides valuable insights for policymakers, auditors, and corporate governance practitioners seeking to improve CSR reporting standards globally.
Copyright (c) 2025 Doni Molana, M. Irsan Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK) in Implementing Investigative Audits of State Losses
This research aims to fill the gap by providing a thorough examination of BPK’s role in investigative auditing, highlighting its contribution to legal processes and anti-corruption efforts in Indonesia. It will also offer insights into policy and institutional improvements needed to enhance the effectiveness and credibility of investigative audits in protecting public financial interests. The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK) holds a constitutional mandate to examine the management and accountability of state finances, including the identification of state losses arising from irregularities or criminal acts of corruption. One of BPK’s key functions is conducting investigative audits aimed at uncovering indications of fraud, exposing the modus operandi, determining the amount of financial loss to the state, and supporting legal proceedings. This study aims to explore the strategic role of BPK in investigative audits related to state losses, including the mechanisms of implementation and the challenges encountered. The findings indicate that BPK acts not only as an audit institution but also as a key player in law enforcement and the prevention of financial crimes. Through investigative audits, BPK contributes significantly to enhancing transparency, accountability, and the overall governance of public finances. Nevertheless, the implementation of investigative audits faces several challenges, such as limited access to supporting evidence and the complexity of cross-sector cases. Therefore, stronger synergy between BPK and law enforcement agencies is essential to maximize the effectiveness of investigative audits in safeguarding state finances.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sahnidar, Renny Maisyarah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Systematic Literature Review: The Role of Tax Audit in Enhancing Taxpayer Compliance and Revenue Performance in the Digital Economy Era
This systematic literature review examines the role of tax audits in enhancing taxpayer compliance and revenue performance in the digital economy era. As the digital economy continues to evolve, traditional tax administration faces significant challenges in monitoring electronic transactions and digital business models. The integration of digital technologies such as e-invoicing, big data, and artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promising results in improving tax compliance and audit effectiveness. Through the use of these technologies, tax authorities can perform real-time transaction monitoring, enhance fraud detection, and streamline risk management processes. Additionally, the implementation of risk-based audits and e-audits has proven to increase audit efficiency and taxpayer responsiveness. However, the review also identifies challenges, particularly in developing countries, including limited technological infrastructure, data integration issues, and difficulties in tracking taxable income in the gig economy. The study concludes that a combination of technology adoption, regulatory innovation, and improved digital literacy is essential to strengthen tax compliance in the digital era. It also emphasizes the need for further empirical research to better understand the effectiveness of digital audit systems and to guide the development of more effective tax policies. This review highlights the importance of adopting flexible and adaptive audit systems that leverage digital technologies to ensure fair, transparent, and efficient tax administration in the digital economy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Johannes Pinta Surbakti, Renny Maisyarah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of Auditor Tenure on Auditor Independence and Objectivity in Indonesia
This study aims to examine the impact of auditor tenure on auditor independence and objectivity through a literature review approach. Auditor tenure, defined as the length of the auditor-client relationship, has been widely debated in academic literature due to its potential influence on audit quality. Proponents argue that longer tenure improves auditor expertise and understanding of the client’s business, while critics suggest it may impair independence and reduce objectivity due to increased familiarity and potential conflicts of interest. This paper reviews and synthesizes findings from previous empirical and theoretical studies to explore the dual nature of auditor tenure. The literature indicates mixed results, with some studies showing a negative impact on independence and objectivity, while others find no significant effect or even positive outcomes. This review highlights the importance of regulatory oversight, mandatory rotation policies, and audit committee involvement in maintaining audit quality. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the auditor-client dynamic and provide recommendations for future research and policy development
Copyright (c) 2025 Fricillia Vina Cindy Tioria, Renny Maisyarah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transforming Financial Inclusion through Big Data–Driven and AI–Powered Fintech in Indonesia
Financial inclusion in Indonesia still faces significant challenges, despite the national target of 90% by 2024. The rapid development of digital technology, particularly the integration of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI), has become a major driver of financial inclusion through fintech innovation. This study analyses the role of Big Data and AI in promoting financial inclusion in Indonesia by examining the opportunities, challenges, and implications for regulators, industry players, and the public. Using a quantitative approach through panel data regression for the period 2020-2024, this study examines the influence of GDP, education, and internet access on the financial inclusion index. The findings show that Big Data and AI-based technologies can improve the accuracy of risk assessment, expand credit access, and support the recovery of financial inclusion. However, challenges such as digital infrastructure gaps, data privacy issues, and human resource limitations remain major obstacles. This study provides evidence-based recommendations for policymakers and practical strategies for fintech players to build a more inclusive financial ecosystem in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sari Asrini, Dwita Sakuntala; Lia Nazliana Nasuiton https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Tax Officer Credibility Perception in Mediating Knowledge on Taxpayers' Tax Payment Decisions In Sampali Village, Percut Sei Tuan District
This study aims to analyze the influence of tax knowledge on the decision to pay taxes with the perception of the credibility of tax officers as a mediating variable in taxpayers in Sampali Village, Percut Sei Tuan District. The background of this research is based on the still low level of taxpayer compliance even though tax socialization and education have been carried out. The factor of tax knowledge and trust in the credibility of tax officers is seen as playing an important role in encouraging taxpayers' decisions to pay taxes voluntarily. This study uses a quantitative approach with a sample of 85 individual taxpayer respondents determined through the Slovin formula. Primary data was obtained through the distribution of questionnaires and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method with the help of SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results showed that tax knowledge had a positive and significant effect on the decision to pay taxes (t-statistic = 9.069; p < 0.05). The perception of the credibility of tax officers also had a positive and significant effect on the decision to pay taxes (t-statistic = 4.206; p < 0.05). In addition, credibility perception plays a role as a mediating variable that strengthens the influence of tax knowledge on the decision to pay taxes (t-statistic = 5.194; p < 0.05). A determination coefficient value (R²) of 0.317 showed that 31.7% of the variation in tax payment decisions was explained by tax knowledge and perception of the tax officer's credibility, while the rest was influenced by other factors outside the research model. These findings confirm that a good understanding of taxation needs to be followed by trust in the integrity and competence of tax officers in order to improve compliance and voluntary tax payment decisions. This study recommends that KPP Pratama Lubuk Pakam strengthen tax education and socialization programs and improve professionalism and credibility training for tax officers to create a service system that is transparent, fair, and oriented towards public trust.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Fadly Azmi, Mesra B. Sari; Erwansyah Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Influence of the Effectiveness of the Internal Audit Function on Good Governance: An Empirical Study
Good governance requires accountability, transparency, responsiveness, and integrity. The internal audit function (IAF) is an essential mechanism to promote these principles by strengthening internal control and providing independent assurance. This study applied a quantitative descriptive design using purposive sampling of 12 respondents directly engaged in internal audit and governance processes within a public sector organization. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from prior studies and analyzed with SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, reliability tests, correlation, and regression. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between internal audit effectiveness and good governance (r = 0.687, p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that internal audit effectiveness explained 47.2% of the variance in governance (R² = 0.472, β = 0.687, p = 0.014). The findings demonstrate that effective internal audits significantly enhance good governance. Strengthening auditor independence, competence, and resources is essential for improving accountability and transparency. Despite the small sample size, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and public organizations. Future research should use larger samples and advanced statistical methods such as SEM.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jefri Ronaldo, Agus Tripriyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Monetary Policy Transmission in the Financial Sector in Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the monetary policy transmission mechanism in the financial sector in Indonesia using the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) method. The variables used include the BI 7-Day Reverse Repo Rate (B17DRR), Money Supply (JUB), Exchange Rate (NT), Total Bank Credit (TKB), and Credit Interest Rate (SBK) with observation periods according to the secondary data obtained. The results of the stationarity test indicate that all variables are stationary at the second difference level, and the optimal lag is determined at lag 2. The Johansen cointegration test indicates a long-term relationship between variables. Impulse Response Function analysis reveals that monetary policy shocks have a significant influence on financial sector variables in the initial period, but the effect tends to fade in the long term. Meanwhile, the results of the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition show that in the short term, NT movements are more influenced by itself, while in the medium to long term, the largest influence comes from TKB and JUB, with relatively small contributions from B17DRR and SBK. These findings confirm that credit and liquidity channels play a dominant role in the transmission of monetary policy in Indonesia, so strengthening the banking intermediation function and liquidity management is important to increase the effectiveness of monetary policy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sinar Andi Putra Munthe, Sanusi Ghazali Pane; Rusiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Impact of Tavip Market Development on Regional Development and Agricultural Product Distribution in Binjai City
This study aims to analyze the impact of Tavip Market development in Binjai City on regional development and the distribution of agricultural products in Tanah Seribu Village, South Binjai District. The development of traditional markets is considered not only as an economic transaction center but also as a driver of regional growth and community welfare. The research method used is a quantitative approach through field surveys involving questionnaires and interviews with traders, farmers, and local residents. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to test the relationships between variables. The results show that Tavip Market development significantly affects the effectiveness of agricultural product distribution by shortening the supply chain, increasing farmers’ market access, and supporting local economic activities. Furthermore, the market positively contributes to regional development through infrastructure improvements, MSME growth, and job creation. This study concludes that traditional market development can serve as a strategic approach to strengthening agricultural product distribution while promoting regional development. The practical implications highlight the need for sustainable local government policies in revitalizing traditional markets to reinforce the local economy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdi Sugiarto, Ruth Riah Ate Tarigan; Ramayani Marpaung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Criminal Law Analysis On The Crime Of Human Organ Trafficking
The trade in human organs represents a criminal act that often exploits poverty and weak law enforcement. The prevalence of poverty contributes to the growth of the black market for organ sales. This crime is specifically regulated under Article 345 of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, which governs the sale of human organs, body tissues, and blood. This study applies a normative juridical approach by analyzing legal norms and their implementation in real cases. Primary data were obtained through interviews with Criminal Law experts from Lampung University. The results show that Article 345 clearly defines the scope and elements of organ trafficking, facilitating its enforcement and providing stricter penalties, including imprisonment and fines. Compared to Law Number 21 of 2007 on Human Trafficking, Article 345 is more relevant for direct organ trade, while the latter applies to broader human exploitation. The study suggests government efforts to strengthen public awareness, develop detailed regulations, and regularly evaluate the implementation of the National Criminal Code to ensure effective law enforcement
Copyright (c) 2025 Yunita Ramadhani Panjaitan, Tengku Riza Zarzani; Irsyam Risdawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Lifting Load Current on Trainable Robot Arm Based on Arduino Mega 2560
The rapid advancement of robotics has significantly influenced industrial automation, education, and research. Among the most studied systems is the robotic arm, which mimics human arm movements and can be programmed for repetitive and precision tasks. This study focuses on the analysis of lifting load current in a trainable robotic arm controlled by an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. The main objective is to investigate the current consumption of servo motors under various load conditions, ranging from 50 g to 500 g, and to identify the optimal operating range. The methodology employed includes system design, hardware implementation, current measurement using sensors, and experimental validation under incremental load variations. Results indicate a linear correlation between the lifted load and current consumption, with 400 g identified as the maximum safe load at 0.72 A. Beyond this threshold, motor overheating and vibrations were observed. The findings contribute to the design of energy-efficient robotic arms, optimal actuator selection, and safe operational guidelines for educational and industrial applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Erpandi Dalimunthe, Marshal Warisman Hutapea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Scirpophaga incertulas Population Dynamics in a Single Rice-Growing Season Influenced by Climatic Factors in Sei Bingei, North Sumatra
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between climatic factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) and the population dynamics of Scirpophaga incertulas in Sei Bingei, Langkat, North Sumatra, using regression analysis and a logistic growth model. The population was monitored using an LED SMD light trap with an intensity of 500 lumens (50 W), operated daily from 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM (Western Indonesian Time) in a 600 m² (20 × 30 m) paddy field, with a container of soapy water placed below the lamp to capture moths. Correlation analysis showed that temperature had a strong positive relationship with the population (r = 0.795), while humidity (r = –0.491) and rainfall (r = –0.535) had weak negative relationships. Linear regression results indicated an R² value of 0.75, meaning that 75% of population variation could be explained by climatic factors, with a Significance F value of 0.0085, showing that climatic factors collectively had a significant effect. The regression coefficients revealed that temperature had a significant positive effect (coefficient = 4.375; p = 0.014), while humidity and rainfall were not significant (p > 0.05). Simulation of the population dynamics of S. incertulas with the logistic growth model produced a MAPE value of only 3.15%, indicating that the model has a high level of accuracy in predicting the population dynamics of S. incertulas in Sei Bingei. These findings imply that temperature changes play a dominant role in influencing S. incertulas population fluctuations in rice ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tri Yaninta Ginting, Muhammad Taufiq; Winda Sari Br Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Urgency of Enforcement of The Implementation of The Ultimum Remedium Principle Against Environmental Crimes in Indonesia
The ultimum remedium principle is a doctrine in criminal law that places criminal sanctions as the last resort after administrative and civil law instruments have proven ineffective in addressing violations. In the context of environmental law in Indonesia, the implementation of this principle becomes problematic when serious environmental violations that cause significant harm to communities and ecosystems are sanctioned only with administrative penalties, resulting in a lack of deterrent effect. This study aims to analyze the urgency of applying the ultimum remedium principle in the enforcement of environmental law in Indonesia by examining normative, juridical, and practical aspects. The research method used is normative juridical, employing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The results of the study indicate that although the ultimum remedium principle is regulated in Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, its implementation has been inconsistent. Many corporate offenders responsible for pollution are only subject to administrative sanctions without criminal prosecution, thus weakening the deterrent effect of environmental criminal law. Therefore, the ultimum remedium principle remains necessary but should be applied selectively and proportionally to prevent impunity for serious environmental offenders.
Copyright (c) 2025 Frenki Hamonangan Turnip, Rahmayanti; Suci Ramadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Perspective on The Challenges and Roles of Consumer Protection in The Digital Economy Era
The development of the digital economy has brought significant changes to consumer interaction patterns in business transactions, simultaneously presenting new opportunities and challenges in consumer protection. This study aims to examine the role of law in ensuring the protection of consumer rights in the digital era, identify emerging legal challenges, and compare consumer protection systems in Indonesia, China, and Japan. The research method used is normative legal, examining regulations, including the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK), the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), and the Government Regulation on the Protection of Consumer Rights (PPPSTE). The results show that regulations in Indonesia have not fully adapted to the characteristics of digital transactions, particularly regarding the protection of personal data and cross-border transactions. Key challenges include legal requirements, low consumer literacy, and weak law enforcement. Compared with China and Japan, Indonesia needs to strengthen regulations, increase the effectiveness of law enforcement, and encourage digital literacy. This study recommends the need for adaptive policies, technology-based supervision, and cross-sectoral collaboration to create a safe, fair, and sustainable digital economy ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hotman Manullang, Dahlan; Henry Aspan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Authority of Prosecutorial Intelligence in Law Enforcement From The Perspective of Legality and Corruption Eradication
The Attorney General’s Office of the Republic of Indonesia holds a strategic position within the Criminal Justice System as a Law Enforcement Agency that not only has the authority to conduct investigations and prosecutions but also to carry out Intelligence functions in law enforcement. This authority is regulated under Article 30C of Law Number 11 of 2021 concerning the Attorney General’s Office of the Republic of Indonesia and strengthened through the Attorney General’s Instruction Number 7 of 2023. This study aims to analyze the legality aspects of the Prosecutorial Intelligence Authority from the perspective of the rule of law and assess its effectiveness in eradicating corruption in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research by reviewing legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant case studies. The findings show that the Prosecutorial Intelligence function plays an essential role as an early detection mechanism against potential financial irregularities, as evidenced by the exposure of the village fund corruption case in Labuhan Batu Utara District through the Prosecutorial Intelligence activities. However, the implementation of intelligence authority must remain within the principles of legality and due process of law to prevent abuse of power. This study concludes that the existence of Prosecutorial Intelligence is legally valid and effective as an instrument for corruption eradication, although it still faces challenges such as overlapping authority and limited resources. Therefore, regulatory harmonization, internal supervision strengthening, and implementing regulations are needed to clarify the working mechanism and accountability of the Prosecutorial Intelligence Function within the National Legal System.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erwin Efendi Rangkuti, Muhammad Azhali Siregar; Suci Ramadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Criminal Liability Implementation in Law Enforcement Against Village Fund Corruption Cases in Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing criminal liability for perpetrators of village fund corruption in Indonesia. Village fund corruption is one form of abuse of authority that results in a loss of public trust toward village governments and hinders national development. Village funds, which are intended to improve community welfare, have instead become a means for some village officials to enrich themselves through misuse of authority. Law enforcement for this offense is regulated under Law No. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 2001 on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes, which serves as lex specialis to the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP). However, its implementation often faces obstacles, including issues of proof, limited capacity of law enforcement officials, and local political interference.Using a normative juridical approach, this research examines relevant legislation, theories of criminal liability, and law enforcement practices by legal institutions. The findings show that the effectiveness of implementing criminal liability against village fund corruption perpetrators remains suboptimal due to weak internal oversight systems, low legal awareness among village officials, and poor coordination between supervisory and law enforcement institutions. Therefore, improving human resource capacity, encouraging participatory public supervision, and applying consistent legal sanctions are needed to achieve the goals of eradicating village fund corruption.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tengku Muhammad Reza Fikri Darmawan AS, Rahmayanti; Suci Ramadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Dialectic between Shareholder Primacy and Stakeholder Theory in the Indonesian Corporate Law System
This study analyzes the dialectical tension between the shareholder primacy paradigm and stakeholder theory in the framework of Indonesian corporate law. Law No. 40 of 2007 (UUPT) constructs an ambiguous hybrid model, in which governance architectures (such as GMS) support shareholder primacy, while positive legal obligations (Article 74 on CSR) encourage stakeholder models. The epicenter of this tension is the legal vacuum in the definition of "corporate interests". Using normative juridical research methods with legislative, conceptual, and case approaches, this study examines how the dialectic is resolved in practice. The main finding shows a paradigm shift: this dialectic is no longer only debated in the courtroom through the hard law of the UUPT. On the contrary, the Financial Services Authority's (OJK) soft law regulation on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has created a "legislative shortcut". By requiring disclosure in the capital market, the OJK de facto forces corporations to adopt a stakeholder model, making the OJK a stronger agent of change than the judiciary. This study recommends clarification of the UUPT through the adoption of the principle of enlightened shareholder value (ESV) and strengthening ESG supervision by the OJK from mere disclosure to substantive supervision.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arman Candra, Fitri Rafianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Antinomy of the Legal Status of Soe Subsidiaries Between the State Finance Law and the Eradication of Corruption With the Soes Law
The legal status of subsidiaries of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia faces fundamental juridical antinomy, being between private law regimes (Limited Liability Companies Law) that demand business flexibility and public law regimes (State Finance Law) that emphasize accountability. This normative juridical research analyzes regulatory dualism and its implications. Using legislative, case, and comparative approaches, this study examines the inconsistency between the PT Law and the SOE Law, as well as the resulting jurisprudence conflict. The findings show that the legal vacuum in the SOE Law triggers inconsistency in the decisions between the Constitutional Court (which is formalistic-textual) and the Supreme Court (which is substantive-casuistic), especially regarding the definition of "state financial loss". The main implications of this antinomy are the weakening of the legal protection of directors through the doctrine of the Business Judgment Rule (BJR) and the legal uncertainty that hinders the performance of the corporation. A comparative analysis of the OECD Guidelines shows that this issue is more of a governance challenge than a legal definition. This study recommends a solution in the form of the creation of a hybrid legal regime (sui generis) that shifts the focus from repressive (criminal) control to preventive supervision through good corporate governance mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2025 Meylinda, Siti Nurhayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Service Quality and Price Perception on Customer Loyalty with Perceived Value as a Mediating Variable: A Conceptual Study at Villa Star Homestay Takengon
The tourism and hospitality industry has become one of the key contributors to regional economic development, particularly in emerging tourist destinations such as Takengon, Central Aceh. As competition among accommodation providers intensifies, understanding the factors that drive customer loyalty is essential for sustaining business growth. This conceptual study aims to explore the mediating role of perceived value in the relationship between service quality and price perception toward customer loyalty among visitors of Villa Star Homestay Takengon. Drawing on the principles of Service Quality Theory and Equity, this research proposes that high service quality and fair price perception enhance perceived value, which subsequently strengthens customer loyalty. Perceived value functions as the key psychological mechanism through which customers evaluate whether the service experience and price they receive meet or exceed their expectations. The study employs a conceptual framework derived from existing literature on consumer behavior and hospitality management, integrating key constructs such as tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, price fairness, and value-for-money perception. The proposed model provides a theoretical foundation for future empirical testing using visitors of Villa Star Homestay as the research sample. By presenting this conceptual model, the paper contributes to the theoretical understanding of customer loyalty formation in the hospitality industry and offers managerial insights for small-scale accommodation providers in developing regions. Specifically, it highlights the importance of balancing service excellence and price fairness to build long-term customer relationships and enhance competitive advantage in the tourism sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yulia, Erwansyah Sari; Muhammad Dharma Tua Putra Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Implementation for Aggravated Theft in The East Medan Police Sector
This study examines the effectiveness of restorative justice implementation in aggravated theft crimes at the East Medan Police Sector using a normative-empirical approach that combines an analysis of Article 363 of the Criminal Code and sectoral policies with factual findings of penal mediation practices. The normative framework analyzed includes National Police Chief Regulation Number 8 of 2021 concerning Handling Criminal Acts Based on Restorative Justice, Prosecutor's Regulation Number 15 of 2020, and Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2024 as anchors for the implementation of restorative justice from upstream to downstream. Primary data was collected through case file searches, mediation forum observations, and interviews with investigators, victims, and perpetrators in cases that met the eligibility criteria, namely victim voluntariness, restitution of tangible losses, absence of dangerous violence, and failure to cause widespread unrest. The results show that the East Medan Police implemented a strict selection process based on the victim's interests, the value of the loss, and the social impact. They then facilitated a meeting between the parties, involving village officials, Bhabinkamtibmas (community police officers), Babinsa (village supervisors),and community leaders as social pillars of the agreement. The peace agreement was fully documented and became the basis for terminating the investigation through an SP3 (Commission of Police Officers) based on the opportunity principle. Empirically, this selective implementation accelerated recovery, reduced the burden of enforcement, and maintained social cohesion, with a success rate of around 60 to 75 percent in cases selected quarterly, including in cases with relatively small losses and close relationships between perpetrators and victims. On the other hand, legal barriers were still enforced for high-risk theft or those causing widespread unrest by continuing the prosecution process. The study's conclusion confirms that restorative justice at the EastMedan Police is effective as long as it is implemented within the corridors of positive law, based on the principles of ultimum remedium and due process of law, is well documented, and is monitored post-peace to ensure legal certainty, substantive justice, and social benefits remain balanced
Copyright (c) 2025 Sagita Ifani Emri, Abdul Rahman Maulana Siregar; Rahmayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of The Law Against Fraud Crimes in E-Commerce-Based Electronic Transactions
Fraud is becoming increasingly prevalent with the times and technological advancements. Various laws and regulations have been enacted to address this issue, but it appears that these regulations have not been effective in addressing the increasing number of these crimes. This study aims to: first, identify law enforcement against e-commerce fraud; and second, analyze the obstacles in enforcing criminal law against e-commerce fraud. This study uses a normative juridical method through literature review by examining secondary data, such as laws and regulations, research results, scientific journals, and various related references. The results show that e-commerce fraud is essentially similar to conventional fraud, but differs in the evidence and means used because it involves electronic systems such as computers, the internet, and telecommunications devices. Therefore, law enforcement against this type of crime is still based on the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. In addition, law enforcement against fraudulent acts in electronic-based transactions still faces a number of obstacles influenced by five main factors, namely laws and regulations, law enforcement officers, infrastructure or supporting facilities, community factors, and cultural factors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elisabeth Saragih, Muhammad Arif Sahlepi; Muhammad Azhali Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Green Macroprudential: How Effective Are Green Financial Instruments in Maintaining Economic Stability?
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of green macroprudential instruments in maintaining financial system stability in Indonesia. The approach used is the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PARDL) model with data from five major banks in Indonesia—Bank Mandiri, BNI, BRI, BCA, and OCBC NISP—during the 2015–2024 period. The variables analyzed include Green Financing (GF), Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Score, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA), Non-Performing Loan (NPL), and Z-Score as indicators of bank stability. The results of the study show that green financing and ESG scores have a significant positive effect on banking stability both in the short and long term. The control variables CAR and ROA also have a positive effect, while NPL has a negative influence on stability. These findings confirm that green financing plays a role as an effective macroprudential instrument in strengthening the resilience of the financial system. This research also confirms the role of green policies carried out by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) through the Sustainable Finance Roadmap and Green Taxonomy in encouraging national financial stability. In practical terms, these results provide recommendations for banks and regulators to expand the implementation of green finance as a strategy to mitigate climate risks and strengthen sustainable economic stability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wahyu Indah Sari, Dewi Mahrani Rangkuty; Rusiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Evolution of External Auditing: Challenges and Opportunities in a Digitalized Financial Environment
The field of external auditing is undergoing a profound transformation driven by the rapid advancement of digital technologies. This systematic literature review (SLR) examines the evolution of external auditing in the context of a digitalized financial environment, focusing on the challenges and opportunities presented by emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, data analytics, and FinTech. The study synthesizes findings from 15 peer-reviewed journals to explore how digital tools are reshaping auditing practices, enhancing audit quality, efficiency, and transparency, while also presenting significant challenges related to skill development, organizational readiness, and data security. The review highlights the key benefits of digitalization in external auditing, including improved accuracy, real-time data analysis, and enhanced fraud detection capabilities. However, it also identifies the barriers auditors face in adapting to these technological advancements, such as the need for new competencies, potential cybersecurity risks, and concerns regarding the ethical implications of automating auditing functions. Moreover, the study underscores the need for auditors to embrace continuous learning and technological adaptation in order to remain relevant in an increasingly digitalized audit environment. The findings suggest that while the digital transformation of auditing presents numerous opportunities, it also necessitates significant changes in auditor education, organizational strategies, and regulatory frameworks. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of how digitalization is shaping the future of external auditing and offers practical recommendations for auditors and firms navigating this evolving landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 Awalina Febriani Lubis, Renny Maisyarah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Rewards and Punishments in Forming Students' Morals: A Literature Study on Islamic Religious Education Learning
Rewards and punishments as pedagogical strategies in the formation of students' morals in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning through library research. Literature searches were conducted on national and international indexed sources including academic books, journal articles, proceedings, and educational regulations. Selection used the criteria of topic relevance, publisher/journal authority, and novelty; data were extracted and then synthesized narratively-thematically with an emphasis on the concepts of targhib-tarhib, behavior modification, character-based learning, and restorative discipline. The results of the synthesis indicate that rewards (targhib) that focus on the process of effort, improvement, and reflection are correlated with the internalization of values ​​(honesty, responsibility, discipline, empathy) and increased intrinsic motivation. Punishment (tarhib) is effective when it is educative, proportional, consistent, and restorative, for example through remedial tasks, empathetic dialogue, and restitution of impact; conversely, humiliating or harsh punishments tend to decrease learning engagement and delay the internalization of morals. Overall effectiveness was moderated by teacher role models, classroom climate, clarity of rules, and the integration of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) activities (values ​​assessment, reflective practice, and school culture). Practical implications recommend an Islamic Religious Education (PAI) disciplinary framework that balances positive reinforcement and restorative consequences, using a measurable morality rubric and structured reflection space. Study limitations include reliance on secondary evidence and variation in school contexts; further research testing the reward–punishment intervention model through controlled field studies across levels is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2025 Indra Laksana, Bahtiar Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Genetic Relationship Identification of Manila Duck (Cairina moschata) in North Sumatra, Indonesia
This study aimed to identify the genetic relationships among Manila duck (Cairina moschata) populations in North Sumatra through integrated morphological, morphometric, and phylogenetic analyses to support breeding programs and genetic conservation. Manila duck samples were collected from four districts: Asahan, Deli Serdang, Langkat, and Serdang Bedagai. Morphological characteristics were evaluated based on feather color patterns. Morphometric measurements included 11 parameters including body length, chest circumference, bill dimensions, and body weight. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mitochondrial D-loop sequences to assess genetic relationships between male and female populations. Results revealed significant variations in feather color patterns with white head feathers ranging from 2% to 15%. Body length varied from 253.61±3.82 cm to 276.94±6.69 cm, and body weight from 1638.36±287.33 g to 3684.14±317.11 g. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated sex-specific genetic structure with very low genetic distances among males (0.0000) and greater differentiation among females (0.0062), indicating male-biased gene flow and preservation of distinct maternal lineages. The findings provide valuable insights for systematic breeding program development and genetic resource conservation, emphasizing the importance of maintaining female genetic diversity while utilizing male genetic compatibility for improvement strategies
Copyright (c) 2025 Andhika Putra, Sayed Umar; Maruf Tafsin, Ristika Handarini, Yunilas, Usman Budi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of Real-Time and Continuous Auditing on Financial Transparency and Fraud Detection: A Systematic Literature Review
This study examines the impact of Real-Time Auditing and Continuous Auditing on Financial Transparency and Fraud Detection, with a focus on the application of modern technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Big Data Analytics, and ERP Systems. This systematic literature review (SLR) evaluates recent studies that discuss the implementation of these auditing techniques in enhancing audit efficiency, financial reporting accuracy, and the timely detection of fraud. The findings reveal that the adoption of Real-Time Auditing and Continuous Auditing significantly improves audit efficiency by automating auditing processes, reducing human errors, and enabling real-time monitoring of financial transactions. Technologies like Random Forests and Real-Time Stream Processing play a key role in enhancing audit accuracy and risk detection speed. Furthermore, the use of AI in the auditing process proves effective in automating repetitive tasks, improving audit accuracy, and ensuring better financial reporting transparency. Moreover, Continuous Auditing significantly contributes to fraud detection and financial data reliability by continuously monitoring financial transactions, identifying discrepancies or fraudulent activities at an early stage. The integration of Big Data Analytics strengthens fraud detection by analyzing large datasets in real-time, uncovering patterns or anomalies that may indicate fraudulent activity. Blockchain and Fintech solutions have emerged as critical tools for fraud prevention by ensuring transparency and real-time transaction verification, safeguarding equity investments. The integration of ERP Systems with Continuous Auditing further enhances the efficiency of financial transaction monitoring and ensures the accuracy of financial reporting. These findings suggest that these modern technologies play a vital role in improving audit efficiency, enhancing fraud detection, and ensuring financial transparency, ultimately reducing fraud risks and enhancing the overall integrity of financial audits.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akhiril Akbar Hasibuan, M. Irsan Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Restorative Justice and the Principle of Proportionality in Handling Criminal Acts of Assault
The handling of criminal acts of assault often sparks debate regarding the balance between legal certainty, justice, and expediency. Restorative justice is needed as an alternative solution that emphasizes restoration of the situation and protection of the rights of both victims and perpetrators. The application of restorative justice should not be carried out haphazardly. There must be clear criteria, for example, related to the severity of the crime, the victim's willingness, and the good faith of the perpetrator. This is where the principle of proportionality plays a role because it can be used as a measure to determine whether a restorative resolution is effective and fair in a particular case. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the concept of restorative justice and the principle of proportionality in handling cases of assault. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and case studies of several court decisions. The results of the study indicate that the application of the principle of proportionality can provide an objective basis for determining the amount of punishment, while also opening up space for the application of restorative justice principles. Thus, the combination of these two concepts is expected to create law enforcement that is not only repressive, but also prioritizes the restoration of social relations, protection of victims' rights, and reintegration of perpetrators into society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahbym Faizan, Abdul Rahman Maulana Siregar; Rahmayanti Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Constitutional Rights to Freedom of Expression in Indonesia: Analysis of Law No. 9/1998
The constitutional right to freedom of expression in public is a fundamental aspect of democracy and human rights. In Indonesia, this right is enshrined in the 1945 Constitution and further regulated by Law No. 9/1998 on Freedom of Expression in Public. However, its implementation often faces challenges, including excessive restrictions, potential violations, and conflicts with public order and national security. This study aims to analyze the legal provisions of Law No. 9/1998, evaluate its implementation, and assess its alignment with universal human rights principles. Employing a normative legal research approach, this study examines legal norms, doctrines, and relevant court decisions. Findings reveal that while Law No. 9/1998 provides legal guarantees for freedom of expression, its implementation is hindered by ambiguous interpretations, inconsistent enforcement, and socio-political factors. Recommendations include revising ambiguous regulations, enhancing law enforcement training, and increasing public legal literacy to ensure a balance between individual freedoms and public interests within a democratic legal framework.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bonari Tua Silalahi, Ismaidar; Rahmayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of the Mediator Judge in the Formation of the Van Dading Deed as an Instrument of Peace in Divorce Cases in Religious Courts
This study aims to analyze the role of the mediator judge in the formation of a van dading deed as a peace instrument in divorce cases in Religious Courts. The research method used is a normative legal approach by examining relevant laws and regulations, legal doctrine, and court decisions. The results show that the van dading deed has permanent and executory legal force because it is approved by a judge, so it can be immediately enforced without a new lawsuit if a violation of the agreement occurs. The mediator-judge serves not only as a communication facilitator but also as a guardian of the legality of the substance of the agreement to ensure it does not conflict with substantive or formal law. In divorce cases, this role is crucial for protecting the rights of women and children and ensuring that the agreement contains substantive justice. Obstacles that arise include low mediation effectiveness, weak legal drafting skills, and the lack of standardization of the wording of the deed of divorce in all religious courts. The conclusion of this study confirms that the van dading deed is an effective dispute resolution instrument that aligns with the principles of legal certainty, justice, and expediency. Strengthening the capacity of mediators and updating technical guidelines is necessary to ensure that mediation in religious courts truly embodies the values ​​of restorative justice and public welfare in Islamic family law in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Yusuf Afandi, Siti Nurhayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Application of Animated Videos to Improve Early Childhood Disciplinary Behavior
This study discusses the application of animated videos to improve discipline in early childhood at RA As-Syafiiyah Medan Johor. This study aims to improve discipline in early childhood through the application of animated videos. The method used in this study is classroom action research with two cycles. The results of the research in the first cycle and the second meeting on improving discipline through the application of animated videos in early childhood showed that 35% of children were starting to develop (MB), 20% were developing as expected (BSH), and 10% were developing very well (BSB). The results of the research in the second and third meetings of the second cycle showed an increase in discipline with the application of animated videos, with 85% of children developing very well (BSB). Therefore, the application of animated videos can improve children's discipline.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahayu Dwi Utami, Afriya Sri Rezeki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sustainable Community Development Through Renewable Energy Education: A CSR-Based Collaborative Approach in Pulau Ketam Malaysia
The urgent demand for sustainable community development requires innovative approaches that integrate human resource development (HRD), renewable energy education, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study investigates the collaborative CSR initiative between Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi (UNPAB), Indonesia, and Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Polytechnic (PTSS), Malaysia, in empowering the local community of Pulau Ketam through renewable energy education. Employing a mixed-method design, data were collected through surveys, focus group discussions, and field observations involving fishermen, farmers, and small-scale entrepreneurs. The CSR program included training modules on solar panel installation, biogas utilization, and micro-hydro systems. Quantitative analysis revealed significant improvements in participants’ technical competencies, while qualitative findings highlighted enhanced awareness of conservation practices and stronger community engagement in forest preservation. The results demonstrate that renewable energy education not only strengthens local green skills but also contributes to environmental sustainability and economic resilience. This research proposes a CSR-based HRD model that links renewable energy education with conservation objectives, offering a replicable framework for sustainable community development in Southeast Asia and beyond.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Rahayu, Elfitra Desy Surya; Rosasmanizan Binti Ahmad , Faisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Training on Making Jala Jelita and Utilizing Digital Marketing as a Marketing Tool for Jala Jelita in Buntu Bedimbar Village, Tanjung Morawa District
Buntu Bedimbar Village is located in Tanjung District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Buntu Bedimbar Village has a relatively large area and population. This community service activity aims to empower the local community, particularly women. Through Jala Jelita training, it is hoped that women, particularly housewives, will be able to increase their incomes. Implementation methods include outreach, technical training, productmaking demonstrations, and micro-enterprise mentoring using digital marketing to market Jala Jelita products. This activity is expected to improve skills and foster interest in new entrepreneurs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dewi Nurmasari Pane, Hikmatul Fadhilah Sianipar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Storytelling in Improving the Image of Ecotourism Destinations: Exploratory Studies on Millennials and Gen Z in Malaysian Crabs
The shift in tourism trends towards a more sustainable and authentic experience places Ecotourism as a crucial sector. In the context of digital marketing, Storytelling is believed to have great potential to shape the image of destinations emotionally and cognitively. The study focused on Millennial and Gen Z audiences as the main segment of travelers who demand authenticity and have a strong attachment to social media. This study aims to explore in depth the role of Storytelling (through the dimensions of Authenticity, Emotional Engagement, and Message Clarity) in influencing their perception of the Image of Sustainable Ecotourism in Ketam, Malaysia. This research uses an exploratory qualitative approach. Data was collected through In-Depth Interviews with Millennial and Gen Z representatives who have visited or consumed Crab Ecotourism content, as well as content analysis of destination digital promotional materials. Key indicators analyzed include Factual Authenticity of stories, levels of Emotional Engagement generated, and Message Clarity regarding sustainability values. Effective storytelling, which combines Factual Authenticity with the ability to evoke Emotional Engagement, serves as a key mechanism to improve the image of Sustainable Ecotourism among Millennials and Gen Z. Crab Ecotourism Destinations need to integrate local economic narratives and clarify the role of tourists (CTAs) in the story, so that the Image of Sustainable Ecotourism can be formed holistically (Triple Bottom Line).
Copyright (c) 2025 Elfitra Desy Surya, Sri Rahayu; Rashdan Bin Rashid, Muhammad Faishal Annas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Counseling on the Implementation of Labor Laws as a Legal Protection Measure Against the Exploitation of Child Labor in the Village of Kelambir Lima Hamparan Perak
The exploitation of child labor in Indonesia, particularly in villages with challenging socioeconomic conditions, remains a significant problem despite the existence of various regulations governing child protection. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Manpower Act in the legal protection of child laborers in Kelambir Lima Village, Hamparan Perak, Deli Serdang Regency, and to identify the obstacles faced in the application of these regulations. The research approach used is qualitative with a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies involving the village community, child workers, village government officials, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The results of the study show that although the Manpower Act regulates the protection of child workers, its implementation in the field is still hampered by a lack of legal understanding among the community, limited supervision at the village level, and families' economic dependence on children's income. This study also identified several obstacles, such as a lack of effective legal education and minimal resources to carry out adequate supervision. Based on these findings, this study recommends strategic measures, including increasing legal education for the community, strengthening labor supervision, and providing alternative livelihoods for families that depend on children's income. This study is expected to make a significant contribution to efforts to reduce child labor exploitation through more effective implementation of the Labor Law at the village level.
Copyright (c) 2025 siti nurhayati, Rika Jamin Marbun; Yeni Gustina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Influence of Information Technology in the Development of Islamic Culture through Social Media and Digital Platforms
This research aims to explore the influence of information technology in the development of Islamic culture through social media and digital platforms. In the ever-evolving digital era, social media and technology-based platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and Twitter have become important tools in spreading Islamic cultural values. This study uses a qualitative approach with content analysis to identify how Islamic content published through social media can affect people's understanding and acceptance of Islamic teachings and culture. The results of the study show that digital platforms facilitate access to information related to Islamic culture and provide a space for Muslims around the world to share knowledge, discuss, and strengthen Islamic cultural identity in their daily lives. However, although information technology provides many benefits in the spread of Islamic culture, the study also found some challenges, such as the dissemination of unverified information and difficulties in maintaining the authenticity of Islamic teachings. Therefore, it is important to have effective oversight of the content shared on social media to keep it in line with authentic Islamic cultural values. This research suggests that information technology should be used wisely, to increase the understanding and introduction of Islamic culture without sacrificing the integrity of religious teachings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Donni Lesmana Siahaan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea) Boiled Infusion on Blood Glucose Levels Among Elderly with Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion or action. This condition is common among the elderly due to physiological decline. This study aimed to determine the effect of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) boiled infusion on blood glucose levels among elderly patients with diabetes mellitus in Dusun 1, Sei Litur Tasik Village, Sawit Seberang District, Langkat Regency. The study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after consuming the butterfly pea infusion for seven consecutive days. The results showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels after the intervention, with a p-value < 0.05. These findings indicate that butterfly pea has potential as a non-pharmacological complementary therapy to help regulate blood glucose levels in elderly individuals with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, butterfly pea infusion can serve as a natural, affordable, and safe herbal alternative therapy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sapnita, Siskawati Amri; Bayu Ramdhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between the Role of Peer Groups and Learning Discipline Among Adolescents
Education is a very important thing in life. Education can also create quality human resources. The concept is then used as the basis for lifelong education, namely informal education, formal education, and non-formal education that complement and strengthen each other. The learning process will be successful can be influenced by two factors, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors are factors that come from within the individual, for example the child's will and ability. External factors are factors that come from outside the individual, for example discipline and family conditions. The purpose of this study is to see whether the role of peer groups has a significant relationship with learning discipline in adolescents. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. This study involved 30 adolescents. The characteristics of the subjects that have been determined in this study are male and female, late adolescents with an age range of 18-20 years and educational status as students. Sampling was carried out using a non-probability sampling technique, namely the accidental sampling method. The measuring instruments used in this study were the peer group role scale and the learning discipline scale adapted by the researcher from previous research. The results of the hypothesis test of the role of peer groups with learning discipline in adolescents obtained r count = 0.506 with p = 0.004 (p <0.05). This shows a relationship between the role of peers (peer groups) and learning discipline in adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wahyu Hidayat, Uswatun Hasanah; Yuni Wulandari, Seni Sehati Surbakti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
UI/UX Design For Student Learning With a Mobile-Based Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Concept
The integration of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in mobile-based learning has become increasingly important to support students ’ critical, analytical, and creative capabilities in the digital era. This study aims to design a User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) model that effectively facilitates student learning activities by embedding HOTS-oriented features. The research employs a design-based research approach, combining literature review, user needs analysis, prototyping, and usability testing with students as end-users. The UI/UX design emphasizes intuitive navigation, interactive assessment modules, and multimedia-based problem-solving scenarios that challenge students to apply analysis, evaluation, and creation skills. Usability evaluation shows that the proposed design enhances learner engagement, supports deeper cognitive processing, and provides a flexible environment for independent as well as collaborative learning. This study contributes to the development of mobile learning platforms by offering a design framework that integrates UI/UX principles with pedagogical strategies focused on HOTS development, thereby supporting the transformation of education toward digital and skill-oriented learning ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rian Farta Wijaya, Randi Rian Putra; Adinda Silvana Dewi, Prianti Maratul Luthfi, Maulana Abdul Fathah, Salwa Salsabilla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Forecasting Salary Ranges for IT Professional in Marketplace Employing The Support Vector Machine Technique
The advancement of the digital sector in Indonesia has resulted in a heightened demand for IT professionals. Additionally, there is a requirement to analyze and outline salary levels according to job profiles to foster transparency and efficiency during recruitment. This research seeks to forecast salary categories for IT positions utilizing the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique at prominent marketplace companies, including Gojek, Shopee, Tokopedia, Traveloka, Tiket.Com, and Bukalapak. The dataset utilized comprises 611 records and features attributes like company, work location, experience, skills, and salary. The preprocessing steps include label encoding, numerical normalization, and multi-hot encoding for the skills features. Salary categories are classified into three groups: low, medium, and high. The SVM model is trained using a Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel and assessed with metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score. The evaluation outcomes indicate that the SVM model effectively categorizes salary levels with an accuracy of 82%. This model exhibits its strongest performance in the Medium salary category, achieving an f1-score of 0.93. This research demonstrates that SVM can serve as an efficient alternative for developing a prediction system for IT salary categories.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zulham Sitorus, Ahmad Helmy; Abdul Chaidir H, Dwika Ardiya, Sukrianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Anxiety of English Learning: Students’ Perception in a Foreign Language Acquisition
This study aimed to describe about students ‘anxiety in learning English as a foreign language in Indonesia. This study applied the descriptive quantitative method. and the respondents of this study were 51 students of second semester at Institut Teknologi Kelapa Sawit Indonesia (ITSI) Medan majoring Information System intake 2024/2025. The instrument of collecting data was a questionnaire and it was taken from Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS). Then, the technique of data analysis was conducted by using Likert scale formula. The results showed that most students were mildly anxious in learning English as a foreign language caused by low English proficiency, lack of familiarity task, lack of confidence, fear of making misapprehensions, ungraspable inputs, lack of vocabulary, fear of making mistakes and being laughed at, lack of preparation and shyness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Indah Sari, Doni Efrizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Intercultural Dialogue between the Malay-Islamic World and the West: Insights from English Literature and Malay Classical Texts
This study examines how the Malay-Islamic world is represented in Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim and the classical Malay text Hikayat Hang Tuah. Using postcolonial literary criticism and Said’s contrapuntal reading as the main framework, it applies comparative textual analysis to explore how both works construct ideas of heroism, morality, and cultural identity. The analysis reveals contrasting portrayals: Lord Jim depicts the Malay world as mysterious and passive, a setting that highlights Western leadership and redemption, while Hikayat Hang Tuah presents a cosmopolitan civilisation actively engaged in diplomacy and global interaction long before European colonialism. These findings underscore the tension between colonial and indigenous narratives and point to the importance of rebalancing literary interpretation. The study concludes that contrapuntal reading allows for a more critical understanding of colonial discourse while bringing forward the richness of the Malay-Islamic worldview. Its novelty lies in integrating English literary analysis with classical Malay texts, offering both a contribution to postcolonial scholarship and a model for using literature to foster intercultural dialogue and strengthen Islamic human capacity in an era of globalisation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Doni Efrizah, Indah Sari; Sisi Rosida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Determination Of Motivation, Work Discipline, and Work Environment in Improving Employee Performance
This research aims to explore the impacts of motivation, work discipline, and work environment on employee performance at PT Aurora Indah Elektrik. The study involved 48 contract employees as the population, with an equal number of samples taken. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression method aided by SPSS 24.0. The analysis results indicated that motivation, work discipline, and work environment individually as well as collectively had a significant positive effect on employee performance. The most influential variable was work motivation. Additionally, the majority of the variation in employee performance could be explained by motivation, work discipline, and work environment, while other factors also made significant contributions. In conclusion, the relationship between employee performance and motivation, work discipline, and work environment demonstrated a strong correlation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Firmansyah, Rindi Andika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Digital Marketing and Neuromarketing on Purchasing Decisions for Micro, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Food Products
This study aims to analyze the effect of digital marketing and neuromarketing on consumer purchasing decisions regarding culinary MSMEs products in Medan Sunggal District. A quantitative approach was used with a survey method, where data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who were culinary MSMEs consumers. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 25. The results show that digital marketing has a positive and significant partial effect on purchasing decisions, with a significance value of 0.024. Meanwhile, neuromarketing also has a positive and significant partial effect with a significance value of 0.000, and shows a more dominant effect than digital marketing. The simultaneous test (F test) showed that both variables together had a significant effect on purchasing decisions (Y), with a contribution of 51.8% (Adjusted R Square). These findings reinforce the importance of integrating digital marketing and neuromarketing strategies to improve the effectiveness of culinary MSMEs marketing, especially in the Medan Sunggal District of North Sumatra Province.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hidayati Purnama Lubis, Ikhah Malikhah; Sintia Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integrating Islamic Ethics into Sustainable Water Governance: A Malay Civilization Perspective on Public Utility Reform in Indonesia
Water played a central role in shaping the identity and sustainability of human civilization. In the context of Malay civilization, water is more than a natural resource—it represents purity, balance, and collective responsibility guided by Islamic values. This paper discusses how sustainable water governance can be strengthened through the integration of Islamic human capacity and ethical principles in managing public water utilities in Indonesia. The research adopts a qualitative case study approach that explores institutional reform within regional public water companies. Findings indicate that sustainability in water governance is not only achieved through technological improvements or financial restructuring, but also through the cultivation of ethical awareness, leadership integrity, and community participation based on the values of trust, justice, and public welfare. The study also reveals that the incorporation of Islamic ethics encourages accountability and equity, reinforcing the global agenda of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 on clean water and sanitation. By situating water management within the broader framework of Malay Islamic civilization, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how faith, culture, and governance can interact to promote sustainable public services and environmental management. While previous studies have addressed governance reform in technical and institutional terms, few have explored how Islamic ethical values embedded in Malay civilization contribute to sustainable public utility transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ruri Prihatini Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of the Village Government in Village Financial Management at Bumdes in Sidodadi Village
This study aims to analyze the role of the village government in managing the financial activities of the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes). The focus is on understanding how the village government contributes to planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring financial management to ensure transparency, accountability, and sustainability in BUMDes operations. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation in Sidodadi Village. The findings indicate that the village government plays a crucial role in facilitating financial planning, supervising the use of funds, and ensuring that financial reporting aligns with applicable regulations. However, several challenges remain, including limited human resources and the need for improved financial literacy among BUMDes managers. This research highlights the importance of strengthening the cooperation between the village government and BUMDes management to enhance financial governance and promote local economic development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vita Arnita, Annisa Ilmi Faried; Vildo Rizky Kurniadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sustainable Development Strategies for Environmentally Vulnerable Regions: Collaborative Governance Framework in Ketam Island
This investigation examines participatory development approaches specifically designed for ecologically sensitive regions, utilizing Ketam Island as the primary research setting. The methodology incorporates stakeholder engagement protocols combined with environmental sustainability assessment frameworks. Findings demonstrate that integrated multi-actor strategies significantly enhance both conservation outcomes and economic resilience indicators. Analysis reveals successful deployment of community-based governance mechanisms that effectively balance environmental preservation priorities with socioeconomic development requirements. Results indicate that participatory governance structures provide viable pathways for achieving dual objectives of ecological protection and community prosperity in vulnerable marine ecosystems. Implications extend to policy development for comparable island communities confronting similar sustainability challenges across Southeast Asia's coastal regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa Ilmi Faried, Dian Septiana Sari; Rahmad Sembiring, Saimara Sebayang, Nor Harlinda Binti Harun, Nisa Ulzannah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Financial Management Behavior in Snack Food Center MSMEs in Klambir Lima Kebun Village
This study aims to describe the financial management behavior of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) operating in a snack food industry center of Klambir Lima Kebun Village, Deli Serdang Regency. The research focuses on four key aspects of financial management behavior: financial planning, financial recording, financial control, and financial evaluation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation to obtain a comprehensive understanding of MSME financial practices in a rural context. The findings reveal that MSME financial management behavior in Klambir Lima Kebun Village remains simple, traditional, and strongly influenced by local socio-cultural values. Financial planning is conducted informally and based on experience and market demand; financial recording is irregular and often depends on personal memory; financial control is still weak due to the absence of clear separation between personal and business finances; and financial evaluation tends to be intuitive, relying on practical judgment rather than formal financial statements. Nevertheless, a positive behavioral shift is emerging among younger entrepreneurs who have begun to adopt digital financial recording tools and demonstrate greater awareness of the importance of capital separation. Overall, the study concludes that MSME financial management behavior in rural areas is shaped not only by the level of financial literacy but also by social and cultural values such as mutual cooperation, honesty, and familial solidarity. These findings provide an essential foundation for developing community-based financial education strategies that align with local wisdom to strengthen MSME sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ramadhan Harahap, Neng Sri Wardhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Educational Concept of the 10th-Century Islamic Scholar Al-Zarnuji and Its Relevance to Cross-Border Adolescent Education
This paper explores the educational concepts presented by the 10th-century Islamic scholar Al-Zarnuji, primarily derived from his seminal work “Ta'lim al-Muta'allim”. The study examines how Al-Zarnuji’s principles emphasizing intention (niyyah), discipline, moral development, and teacher-student relationships remain relevant in today’s context, particularly in cross-border adolescent education. Through a qualitative approach supported by literature review and case analysis in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools, this paper argues that Al-Zarnuji’s values provide an essential framework for addressing contemporary educational challenges, especially in multicultural and global learning environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdi Syahrial Harahap, Burhanuddin Rafbani; Mayang Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Health Ethics in the Perspective of Islamic Law Towards the Practice of Modern Medicine and Medicine
This research aims to analyze health ethics in the perspective of Islamic Law and its application to modern medical and medical practices. Health ethics is a very important aspect in any medical practice, both in traditional and modern contexts. However, in the increasingly advanced development of modern medicine, various challenging ethical issues have emerged, such as the use of medical technology, euthanasia, and alternative medicine. Within the framework of Islamic Law, medical ethics requires that every medical action pay attention to the physical and spiritual well-being of the patient, emphasizing principles such as safeguarding life, avoiding bodily harm, and fairness in the provision of medical services. This research focuses on the understanding and implementation of these principles in the contemporary medical world, as well as how they can be harmonized to address existing ethical challenges. Through a normative and comparative approach, this study examines the comparison between the ethical principles of Islamic Law and modern medical practice, as well as the challenges that arise in the application of both. The findings of this study are expected to provide new insights into how medical ethics in Islam can be used as a guide in overcoming ethical problems faced in modern medicine, as well as providing recommendations on medical policies that prioritize moral and religious values. Thus, this research aims to enrich the ethical perspective in the practice of medicine as well as contribute to a broader understanding of medicine based on Islamic principles.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irsyam Risdawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Leadership Style, Personality, and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance at the Department of Community and Village Empowerment of Langkat Regency
This study aimed to determine the influence of leadership style, personality, and organizational culture on employee performance at the Office of Community and Village Empowerment of Langkat Regency. The population of this study consisted of all 74 civil servants working at the agency, and the same number, 74 employees, were taken as respondents. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling. This research was conducted in 2025. The study employed quantitative primary data collected through questionnaires and processed using SPSS 24.0 with a multiple linear regression model. The results showed that leadership style, personality, and organizational culture, both partially and simultaneously, had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Office of Community and Village Empowerment of Langkat Regency. Organizational culture was found to be the most dominant variable influencing employee performance, with the highest regression coefficient value of 0.522. The proposed hypotheses H1, H2, H3, and H4 were proven true and accepted, as all were consistent with the research findings. Approximately 94.3% of employee performance could be explained by leadership style, personality, and organizational culture, while the remaining percentage was influenced by other factors. Employee performance had a very strong correlation with leadership style, personality, and organizational culture, indicated by an R-value of 0.972.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurmarsya Aulia, Wilchan Robain; Kholilul Kholik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Usability Assessment of School Management Information Systems: A Case Study on Tuition Payment Data Monitoring
This study aimed to assess the usability of the School Management Information System (SMIS) used at SMA Negeri 1 Binjai, focusing on the tuition payment data monitoring module. The assessment used a mixed-method approach combining the System Usability Scale (SUS), heuristic evaluation, and semi-structured interviews. Ten respondents, consisting of administrative staff, teachers, the principal, and parents, were recruited to provide a comprehensive overview of the system's user experience. The results showed that the system had a relatively good level of usability (average SUS score = 63.0), but there were still areas for improvement, particularly the undo feature, confirmation dialog, and the mobile interface. Internal users reported higher levels of efficiency and satisfaction than external users, indicating that experience and frequency of use significantly influence usability perceptions. The heuristic evaluation identified seven key issues, two of which were classified as major severity, related to user control and error prevention. Conceptually, this study confirms the relevance of usability theory within the ISO 9241-11 framework and Nielsen's Heuristics to educational information systems in Indonesia. Practically, the results are expected to serve as a reference in developing more effective, efficient, and user-oriented school information systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jodi Hendrawan, Ika Devi Perwitasari; Yanti Yusman, Fatima Felawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Relationship Between Owner and Partner in Managing Non-Francy Culinary Branches: A Case Study of Bakso Hebat Mataram in Pekanbaru
Many culinary businesses in Indonesia expand their operations through a non-franchise branch model, which relies on informal agreements between owners and partners rather than formal franchise regulations. This model offers flexibility and lower costs but creates significant legal uncertainty regarding rights, obligations, and accountability between the parties. This research aims to analyze the legal consequences of non-franchise branch partnership agreements and to identify the ideal form of legal protection for both owners and partners. The study adopts a normative legal research method with a qualitative approach, using literature studies and analysis of the Bakso Hebat Mataram case in Pekanbaru. Findings indicate that such agreements, while practically effective, are often incomplete and lack essential clauses such as intellectual property protection, dispute resolution, confidentiality, and non-compete provisions. These weaknesses expose both parties to potential contractual breaches and brand ownership conflicts. Therefore, the study recommends the formulation of a comprehensive written contract that fulfills the legal validity requirements under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code, accompanied by clear provisions on profit-sharing, operational standards, brand usage, and dispute settlement mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Baqi Arifin, Bambang Fitrianto; Siti Nurhayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transforming Accounting Through Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review of Opportunities, Challenges, and Ethical Imperatives
This study conducts a systematic literature review to investigate the transformation of the accounting profession through Artificial Intellegence (AI), emphasizing opportunities, challenges and ethical imperatives. Drawing from 20 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2020 and 2025, the research categorizes insights into four thematic domains : AI in accounting education, AI and professional ethics, AI and regulatory standards, and AI in predictive decision-making. The findings reveal that AI has the potential to audtimate routine accounting tasks, enhance financial analysis accuracy, and support real-time reporting and auditing. Furthermore, AI is reshaping accounting education through intelligent learning platform and adaptive pedagogical systems. However, the study identifies key challenges, including algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, limited human oversight, and ethical dilemmas surrounding data privacy and accountability. Despite AI’s technical capabilities, moral judgment and professional responsibility remain irreplaceable human attributes in the accounting domain. The paper emphasizes the need for robust ethical framworks, interdisciplinary governance models, and curriculum reforms to align AI integration with the principles of fairness, integrity , and social responsibility. Future research directions are proposed to address gaps in AI explainability, legal accountability , and implementation models tailored for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This review contributes to a nuanced understanding of AI’s transformative impact on accounting and advocates for a balanced approach that integrates technological advancement with ethical and human-centered considerations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Aliah, Mutia Riska Faridani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Multicategory CNN for Prediction Sleep Quality from Feature Physiological and Behavioral Daily
Sleep quality is a vital indicator of overall human health and cognitive performance. Traditional methods for sleep assessment rely on subjective questionnaires or single-modality sensor data, which limits precision and adaptability in real-world monitoring. This study aims to develop a multiclass Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to predict Sleep_Quality levels— poor , fair , good , and excellent —by integrating physiological features (eg, heart rate, heart rate variability, skin temperature) and daily behavioral features (eg, step count, sedentary ratio, and smartphone usage patterns). The outputs were fused through fully connected layers followed by a Softmax classifier. Model performance was evaluated using subject-independent validation, with metrics including macro-F1, macro-AUROC, and Expected Calibration Error (ECE). The proposed multiclass CNN achieved an accuracy of 78.8%, a macro-F1 score of 0.76, and a macro-AUROC of 0.87, outperforming classical machine learning baselines such as SVM, Random Forest, and XGBoost . Multimodal fusion improved macro-F1 by 8% over the best unimodal model. Post-training temperature scaling reduced ECE from 0.094 to 0.064, indicating improved reliability of probabilistic outputs. Grad-CAM analysis revealed interpretable temporal patterns linking stable HRV and consistent bedtime routines to higher sleep quality categories. The results demonstrate that the proposed CNN multiclass model effectively captures complex physiological–behavioral interactions associated with sleep quality. This approach provides a foundation for personalized, data-driven sleep health monitoring systems and highlights the potential of deep learning in predictive sleep analytics. Future research will expand validation using cross-device and polysomnography datasets to enhance clinical generalizability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hanna Willa Dhany, Fahmi Izhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Influence of Employee Training and Motivation on Supply Chain Efficiency Strategy at PT. Indojaya Agrinusa
This research was conducted at PT. Indojaya Agrinusa using two independent variables, namely Training and Motivation, while the dependent variable is Supply Chain Efficiency Strategy. The population in this study was 41 people, with sample data of 41 people using saturated samples. The data analysis technique in this study used multiple linear regression, classical assumptions and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate that Training and Work Motivation simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on Supply Chain Efficiency Strategy at PT. Indojaya Agrinusa, with an F count of 80.239> F (table) of 4.09 at sig. 0.000 <0.05. Training partially has a positive and significant effect on Supply Chain Efficiency Strategy at PT. Indojaya Agrinusa (t count value> t table, 2.267> 1.994 at sig. 0.010 <0.05). Motivation partially has a positive and significant effect on Supply Chain Efficiency Strategy at PT. Indojaya Agrinusa (tcount value > ttable, 8.698 > 1.994 at sig. 0.015 < 0.05). Based on the adjusted R Square figure of 0.721 which can be called the coefficient of determination which in this case means 72.1% of the Supply Chain Efficiency Strategy can be obtained and explained by Employee Training and Motivation. While the remaining 100% - 72.1% = 27.9% is explained by other factors or variables outside the model such as Facilities, Inventory, Transportation and others.
Copyright (c) 2025 Surya Abadi Simanjuntak, Siswa Pratama; Maya Syaula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluation of Helpdesk Performance at the IT Center of a Higer Educatiion Institution Using COBIT 2019 DSS02 Domain
The advancement of information technology in higher education demands effective, responsive, and accountable service systems. The Helpdesk service is a vital element supporting academic and administrative IT activities. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Helpdesk services of the Information and Communication Technology Unit (UPT-TIK) at a higher education institution using the COBIT 2019 framework, specifically domain DSS02 (Manage Service Requests and Incidents). The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through document and SOP analysis. The results show that the DSS02 process capability level is Level 2 – Managed Process, indicating that processes are implemented and controlled but not yet fully documented or measured. Recommendations focus on improving documentation, developing automated reporting systems, and implementing Service Level Agreements (SLA) to reach Level 3 capability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maimuddin Noor, Muhammad Amin; Ica Safrila, Donas Putra, Muhammad Dafa Alfikri, Sella Monika br Tarigan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Utilization of Digital Technology in Early Childhood Education Learning
This research aims to examine how digital technology benefits early childhood education in learning. Early childhood learning in the digital era presents great opportunities to improve the quality of education through technology. Technology in early childhood education has evolved along with the times. In the past, only television was used to support learning, then it developed into computers, and now many smart technologies such as mobile phones, tablets, and other applications are widely used. Technologies such as educational applications, learning videos, and online platforms enable more flexible, interactive, and individualized learning. In early childhood education, technology can serve as a tool to facilitate learning. In line with its development, technology plays a significant role in guiding early childhood development. It can be used by children for playing, self-expression, and skill development in a safe, engaging, and enjoyable way. With the right approach, technology can become a relevant learning medium that continues to evolve over time.
Copyright (c) 2025 Munisa, Rahayu Mayang Sari; Titi Sundari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Training on Making Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Catfish Waste in Lengau Seprang Village, Tanjung Morawa District
Lengau Seprang Village, Tanjung Morawa District, has great potential in the fisheries sector, particularly catfish farming. However, the utilization of catfish harvests and waste is still not optimal, resulting in low economic value and waste often becoming an environmental problem. This community service activity aims to empower the local community through training in the production of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) from catfish waste as a high-value processed product, as well as the utilization of catfish waste such as offal for poultry feed. The implementation method includes providing material (lectures), technical training in making catfish POC, demonstrations and practical POC making, and a question and answer discussion regarding the activity. It is hoped that this activity will improve skills, foster new entrepreneurs, reduce waste and increase community income. This activity also encourages the creation of a circular economy at the village level based on sustainable local potential to support sustainable agriculture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Najla Lubis, Risdawati Ginting ; Reza Andry Prabowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Village Food Security Management in Langkat District
This study aims to analyze food security management in villages in Langkat Regency using a qualitative approach. The focus of the study was on village government strategies, the role of local institutions, and community participation in maintaining food availability and access. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with village officials, farmer groups, and community leaders, field observations, and a review of village planning documents. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis methods to explore patterns, meanings, and practices of food security at the village level. The results indicate that food security management in villages in Langkat Regency is influenced by three main factors: (1) optimizing local potential through agricultural commodity diversification and homestead land utilization; (2) the role of village institutions such as Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), farmer groups, and food barns, which serve as instruments for managing food production and distribution; and (3) active community participation in self-help and mutual cooperation-based food security programs. However, the study also identified several challenges, including limited infrastructure, fluctuating commodity prices, and low utilization of modern agricultural technology. Academically, this study emphasizes the importance of participatory food governance and sustainable development in strengthening village independence. The practical implication is that village governments in Langkat Regency need to strengthen local institutional capacity, develop food reserve systems, and encourage agricultural innovation based on appropriate technology. Thus, village food security will not only serve as an instrument for meeting basic needs but also as a strategy for improving community welfare and regional food sovereignty.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ikhah Malikhah, Oktarini Khamilah Siregar; Soulthan Saladin Batubara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
ParkITrack: A Web-Based Smart City Parking Monitoring Platform with VR Integration for Illegal Parking Reporting and Red Zone Visualization in Deli Serdang's Suburban Communities
Illegal parking is a major challenge in mobility management in smart cities, particularly in suburban areas that have not yet been fully integrated with advanced monitoring systems. This study introduces ParkITrack, a web-based platform that integrates virtual reality (VR) technology to monitor and report illegal parking and visualize red zones in the Deli Serdang Suburban Community. The system is designed to enable users to report parking violations in real time through a web-based application, which is directly connected to an interactive map and visualization of high-risk zones using VR. With an integrated reporting and reward system, the platform not only raises public awareness of the importance of parking regulations but also provides incentives to minimize violations. This research is expected to contribute to efforts to improve mobility and more efficient parking management, as well as to introduce technological solutions to improve urban conditions in suburban areas. The results show that VR integration provides a more immersive visual experience for users, increases the effectiveness of the monitoring system, and positively impacts urban mobility.
Copyright (c) 2025 Randi Rian Putra, Rian Farta Wijaya; Adinda Silvana Dewi, Salwa Salsabilla, Prianti Maratul Luthfi, Maulana Abdul Fathah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of Maintenance and Servicing on the Efficiency of Air Conditioner Usage in Energy Saving
Energy efficiency in air conditioning systems is a significant issue in the context of sustainability and energy consumption reduction. This study aims to analyze the impact of regular maintenance and servicing on the efficiency of air conditioner usage in energy savings. A quantitative approach was employed, collecting data from several air conditioning units that received regular maintenance compared to units that were not serviced regularly. Data gathered included energy consumption, room temperature, and air conditioner performance before and after maintenance. The results indicate that maintenance and servicing significantly improve energy efficiency, reducing energy consumption by up to 20%. These findings contribute to energy efficiency efforts and provide practical recommendations for air conditioner users to perform routine maintenance to reduce energy costs and support environmental sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zuraidah Tharo, Rahmaniar; Trio Putra Agung Wijaya, Fery Karyata Bangun, Budi Hartono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cultivating Love for Allah to Enhance Spiritual Intelligence
Cultivating Love for Allah as a Foundational Framework for the Development of Spiritual Intelligence in Islamic Education The cultivation of love for Allah constitutes a fundamental pillar in the development of spiritual intelligence within the paradigm of Islamic education. This study examines the interrelation between the nurturing of affection and devotion to Allah and the enhancement of spiritual intelligence through a comprehensive literature review encompassing Islamic pedagogy, family-based character education, and contemporary learning methodologies. In the context of accelerating technological advancement and dynamic cultural transformation, the integration of spiritually oriented pedagogical strategies is imperative to achieve equilibrium between intellectual growth and the alignment of the human soul with divine values. Drawing upon the works of Rahman (2021) on discovery learning in Islamic education, Lubis et al. (2023) on the role of teachers in the digital era, Harahap (2022) on family-centered education, and Tumiran et al. (2025) on spiritually grounded classroom management, this paper synthesizes that love for Allah—manifested through dhikr (remembrance of God), ethical conduct, and collective worship—functions as a catalytic force in strengthening spiritual intelligence. Within this framework, spiritual intelligence is conceptualized as the capacity to discern divine wisdom in everyday life, attain inner tranquility, and apply faith-based discernment in moral and practical decision-making. The reviewed literature highlights that consistent spiritual cultivation within familial and institutional settings yields long-term benefits, including resilience against digital distractions and resistance to moral relativism. Accordingly, this study underscores the pivotal role of fostering love for Allah in Islamic educational praxis as a transformative means of nurturing individuals capable of embodying faith-based values amidst the complexities of modernity, thereby contributing to social harmony and moral coherence in accordance with Qur’anic principles.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elvhira Effendi Barus, Tumiran; Danny Abrianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Service Quality and Promotion on Customer Satisfaction Of CV Takapedia
This study aims to determine the influence of service quality and promotion on the purchase decision of CV Takapedia. The object of this study is the consumer of products at CV Takapedia. This research was conducted in 2024-2025. The population and sample of this study amounted to 86 respondents. Data processing uses SPSS Version 26. The data test was carried out using classical assumption tests and multiple linear regression. The value of t-value of service quality is 2.192 > t table 1.66 and significance 0.001 < 0.05, so the quality of service partially has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. The value of the promotion calculation is 11.319 > t table 1.66 and the significance is 0.000 < 0.05, so the promotion partially has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. The results of the F test showed that in the obtained Fcalculation of 90.183> Ftable 2.48 with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.005, meaning that the quality of service and promotion simultaneously had a significant effect on customer satisfaction. The R² test result of 0.685 means that 68.5% of customer satisfaction can be obtained and explained by the variables of service quality and promotion.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fanny Indah Lestari, Hidayati Purnama Lubis; Husni Muharram Ritonga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Financial Inclusion and Its Impact on Financial Stability: A Case Study of Emerging Market Countries
This study aims to analyze whether financial inclusion can identify leading indicators of financial system stability in five emerging market countries. The research subjects include emerging market countries, namely Malaysia, Singapore, Germany, Mexico, and Indonesia, with data spanning from 2003 to 2021. The Panel ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) method enables the analysis of both short-term and long-term relationships between variables. The data includes financial inclusion indicators, such as credit ratios, savings, ATMs, Bank Z-scores, and NFDI, as well as indicators of financial system stability, measured using Non-Performing Loans (NPL). We also use GDP per capita as a control variable. The results show that financial inclusion acts as a leading indicator of financial system stability, as evidenced by its significant impact on NPLs in each of the countries studied. These findings offer valuable insights into the importance of expanding financial access to enhance financial system stability, particularly in emerging market countries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lia Nazliana Nasution, Bakhtiar Efendi; Yosi Mayanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluation Of The Performance Of The Hy10w2-24 Lightning Arrester as a Lightning Protection System for a 100 Kva Distribution Transformer at PT. Razza Prima Trafo
This research aims to evaluate the performance of the HY10W2-24 lightning arrester (LA) as a lightning protection system for a 100 kVA distribution transformer at PT. Razza Prima Trafo. The LA is a protection device designed to divert transient over voltages to the ground, thereby safeguarding equipment from damage. The evaluation was conducted descriptively through field observation, interviews, document analysis, and technical analysis based on residual voltage, Basic Insulation Level (BIL), and grounding system conditions. The results show that the HY10W2-24 lightning arrester still performs effectively with a residual voltage of approximately 67 kV, which is significantly lower than the transformer’s BIL of 125 kV, resulting in a protective margin of 46.4%. Furthermore, the distance between the arrester and the transformer is 2.5m, in accordance with SPLN standards. Therefore, the HY10W2-24 LA is considered reliable for use as a lightning protection system in electrical distribution installations
Copyright (c) 2025 Divana Suprasanti, Rahmaniar; Dino Erivianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Impact of the Development of Hutm Network Expansion in Overcoming Drop Voltage at PLN Binjai
This research was carried out in the PLN Binjai area, precisely in the BJ feeder network. 01 Stabat, to analyze the impact of the development of the HUTM (Medium Voltage Air Conduction) network in overcoming the problem of drop voltage. The calculation was carried out using the standard formula of a three-phase system and considered the voltage tolerance limit according to PUIL 2011 and SPLN 72-1987, which is ±5% of the nominal voltage. The measurement results showed that at substation SC 84, the existing voltage dropped to 336.5 V, resulting in a voltage drop of 63.5 V. After analysis of the length of channel 4.95 km with a load current of 214.47 A, the total allowable resistance of 0.2137 Ω was obtained. From the calculations, the minimum cross-section of a copper conductor required to maintain a voltage within the standard limit is about 400 mm², while for aluminum conductors a cross-section of about 650 mm² is required. After the expansion of the new network of 420V using an insert transformer with a power of 50kVA using a cross-section of the distribution network conductor along 4.95 km, and 34 poles as many as 34 rods.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dicky Arya Duta, Rahmaniar; Zuraidah Taro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Innovation and Transformation of Human Resource Management in Preparing the Young Generation for the Future of Work
Rapid changes in the business environment due to the development of digital technology, globalization, and labor market dynamics demand innovation and transformation in human resource management (HRDM). The younger generation, especially millennials and Gen Z, are strategic assets that will determine the future direction of the world of work. Therefore, organizations need to implement an adaptive MSDM approach that is oriented towards the development of competencies, creativity, and resilience of the younger generation. This article discusses various forms of innovation and transformation in HRM, including the use of digital technology in talent recruitment and development, the implementation of technology-based continuous learning, the strengthening of an inclusive organizational culture, and collaborative leadership strategies. The results of the study show that technology integration, work flexibility, and value- and competency-based talent management are key factors in preparing the younger generation for the future world of work. Thus, the transformation of MSDM not only serves as an adaptation effort, but also as a proactive strategy to produce superior human resources, be globally competitive, and be ready to face the challenges of the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hasrul Azwar Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Protection of Personal Data in Electronic Transactions through the QRIS Payment System in Indonesia
The development of digital technology has encouraged people to switch to electronic payment systems, one of which is through QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) developed by Bank Indonesia. However, behind this convenience there is a potential breach of consumer personal data that can occur due to weak supervision and understanding of users. This article examines how the legal protection of personal data in electronic transactions using QRIS is regulated in Indonesia, including challenges and solutions to ensure users' rights. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. This study found that although there are legal tools such as the Personal Data Protection Law, ITE Law, and regulations from Bank Indonesia, their implementation is still not optimal due to weak supervision and lack of digital literacy. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen derivative regulations, public socialization, and stricter technical supervision of payment system service providers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Windani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Synergy of SDI and Islamic Economic Principles for Fraud Prevention through Sharia Financial Contracts
This study aims to analyze the influence of human resource synergy (SDI) and Islamic economic principles on fraud prevention (fraud prevention) in the practice of Islamic financial contracts, as well as to examine the role of moderation of Islamic financial contracts themselves. The research method used was quantitative with a survey approach of 100 respondents who were practitioners or employees of Islamic financial institutions. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression and moderated regression analysis (MRA) through SPSS software. The results of the study show that the synergy of SDI and Islamic economic principles has a significant effect on fraud prevention. In addition, Islamic financial contracts have been proven to significantly moderate these relationships, strengthening the positive influence on fraud prevention efforts. These findings affirm the importance of integrating spiritual values, work ethics, and sharia compliance in building an ethical, accountable, and sustainable Islamic financial system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wilchan Robain, Abdul Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design of a Real-Time Automatic Solar Tracker System on Solar Panels Based on RTC and Servo Motor
The increasing demand for energy has driven the need to develop efficient and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. One of the most promising alternative energy sources in Indonesia is solar energy. However, the efficiency of conventional solar panels remains relatively low due to their fixed position, while the direction of sunlight changes from morning to afternoon. This study aims to design a real-time automatic solar tracker system capable of adjusting the orientation of solar panels according to the sun’s movement based on actual time. The system is controlled by an Arduino Nano microcontroller supported by a Real Time Clock (RTC) DS3231 module as a time controller and an MG996R servo motor as the panel orientation actuator. The test results show that the system can automatically move the panel with an average rotation of 8° every 30 minutes, from 08:00 to 17:00 local time. Based on measurement data, the use of a solar tracker increases the solar panel’s power output by up to ±30% compared to a static panel without tracking. This system has been proven to significantly improve solar energy absorption efficiency and can be applied to both household and industrial scales in regions with high sunlight intensity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Faisal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Implementation of an Arduino-Based Smart Greenhouse Automation and Pest Repellent System
Modern agriculture requires smart technologies to improve production efficiency and maintain crop quality. This study aims to design and implement an Arduino-based smart greenhouse automation system that can control temperature, humidity, and repel pests automatically. The system utilizes an Arduino Uno microcontroller integrated with DHT11 and PIR sensors, along with a relay module controlling fans, lights, and a pest-repelling siren. The research method includes hardware design, software programming, and functional testing. Experimental results show that the system maintains optimal humidity levels between 70–80% and achieves 95% success in pest detection and repulsion.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pristisal Wibowo, Zuraidah Tharo; Al Faradhi Htg https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development of an Islamic Religious Education Curriculum Based on Spiritual and Social Competencies at Darussalam Senior High School Medan
Islamic Religious Education plays a strategic role in shaping students’ character by fostering a balance between intellectual, spiritual, and social intelligence. However, in practice, religious education in many schools still tends to emphasize cognitive and memorization aspects, without fully addressing the formation of values and behavior. This study aims to analyze and develop a Islamic religious education curriculum model based on spiritual and social competencies at senior high school Darussalam Medan as an effort to establish a contextual, holistic, and transformative Islamic education.The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, Islamic religious education teachers, and students. The findings reveal that the curriculum development process is carried out collaboratively through several stages, including needs analysis, formulation of learning objectives, development of materials and learning strategies, and value-based evaluation. The implementation of the Islamic religious education curriculum at senior high school Darussalam Medan emphasizes contextual, reflective, and experience-based learning that integrates spiritual and social dimensions—such as tadarus activities, community service, and Rohis mentoring—focused on nurturing empathy and moral responsibility. These practices have significantly enhanced students’ awareness of worship, discipline, social empathy, and their ability to reflect Islamic values in daily life. The study concludes that a Islamic religious education curriculum grounded in spiritual and social competencies effectively bridges the gap between religious knowledge and real-life practice, serving as an innovative model for Islamic educational institutions to foster students who are faithful, noble in character, and socially responsible.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bahtiar Siregar Bahtiar, Mhd Habibu Rahman; Nanda Rahayu Agustia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Factors that Determine the Attractiveness of Online Stores to Employee Purchasing Decisions in Companies
This study aims to examine the influence of live streaming and price discounts on employees’ purchasing decisions in online shopping, with purchase intention as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis, the results reveal that live streaming significantly affects both purchasing decisions (p = 0.009) and purchase intention (p = 0.001), while price discounts also have a strong and significant influence on purchasing decisions (p = 0.000) and purchase intention (p = 0.000). However, purchase intention does not significantly affect purchasing decisions (p = 0.203), indicating its mediating role is not supported. These findings suggest that employees’ purchasing decisions are more directly shaped by price discounts and live streaming activities rather than by purchase intention alone, emphasizing the importance of live marketing and discount strategies in enhancing online purchasing behavior among employees.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arif Tirta Wiradana, Yossie Rossanty; Mesra B. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Growth and Yield Optimization of Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) through Vegetable Waste Liquid Fertilizer and Leaf Compost
The growing demand for functional foods with high nutritional value, along with increasing public awareness of a healthy lifestyle, has led to a continuous rise in kale consumption in Indonesia. The use of organic fertilizers offers an environmentally friendly and sustainable solution. This study examines the effectiveness of combining liquid organic fertilizer derived from vegetable waste with leaf compost on the growth and yield of kale plants. The experimental method employed a factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors. The first factor was the application of liquid organic fertilizer at three levels: S0 = 0 ml/L of water, S1 = 50 ml/L of water, and S2 = 100 ml/L of water. The second factor was leaf compost with four levels: K0 = 0 g/polybag, K1 = 100 g/polybag, K2 = 200 g/polybag, and K3 = 300 g/polybag. The results showed that the application of liquid organic fertilizer from vegetable waste and leaf compost had a highly significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and fresh weight of plants. However, the interaction between the two treatments exhibited no significant effect on all observed parameters.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maimunah Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Enhancing Employee Retention through Job Autonomy and Supervisor Support: A Mediation-Moderation Model of Work-Life Balance
In today’s energetic work environment, worker maintenance remains a basic challenge for organizations endeavoring to preserve a competitive edge. The article examines the impact of work independence, administrator back on representative maintenance, with a center on the intervening part of representative work-life adjusts, and the directing impacts of organizational work-life adjust hones. Social Trade hypothesis was utilized to create a hypothetical show for the consider. The analyst sends the quantitative strategy to consider the relationship among different variables of the ponder. Employing a test of representatives working within the keeping money division found in twin cities of Indonesia, we evaluate how expanded independence and steady supervision can cultivate a adjusted work-life involvement, which in turn contributes to higher maintenance rates. Furthermore, we investigate how organizational work-life adjust hones fortify or debilitate this relationship. The discoveries propose that when organizations execute steady work-life adjust approaches, the positive impacts of work independence and boss back on maintenance are increased through made strides work-life adjust among representatives. This consider offers down to earth bits of knowledge for human asset professionals and policymakers pointing to upgrade representative maintenance by prioritizing work independence, steady administration, and work-life adjust activities inside their organizations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Darmilisani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Protection and Challenges of Trademark Registration for Culinary MSMEs: A Case Study of Great Mataram Meatballs in Pekanbaru
The rapid growth of the culinary industry in Indonesia has not been accompanied by adequate awareness among MSME owners to register their trademarks. This condition increases the risk of imitation, counterfeiting, and legal disputes. This study employs a normative legal method with a qualitative approach through an analysis of legislation, literature, and case studies. The findings reveal two forms of legal protection: preventive protection through exclusive rights after registration and repressive protection through civil or criminal lawsuits in cases of infringement. The Geprek Bensu case highlights the first-to-file principle, while the Bakso Hebat Mataram case illustrates the real risks faced by unregistered culinary businesses. Trademark registration is thus essential to ensure legal certainty, protect business reputation, and enhance competitiveness. The government should strengthen public awareness and simplify registration procedures for MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rabina Zales, Siti Nurhayati; Fitri Rafianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Cash Flow and Receivables Turnover on the Liquidity of Basic Material Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
This study aims to analyze the effect of cash flow and accounts receivable turnover on liquidity in Basic Materials companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020–2024 period. A quantitative approach was used with secondary data in the form of annual financial reports from 10 sample companies over five years. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression using SPSS. The results show that cash flow has a positive and significant effect on liquidity, meaning that the greater the operating cash flow, the greater the company's ability to meet short-term obligations. Similarly, accounts receivable turnover has a positive and significant effect on liquidity, indicating that efficient collection of receivables strengthens the company's cash position. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence liquidity, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.643. This study emphasizes the importance of cash flow and accounts receivable management in maintaining a company's financial stability. Keywords: Intrinsic motivation, Performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Diaz Arasta, Rahima Br. Purba; M. Irsan Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Porter's Five Forces Strategy and Digital Transformation in Increasing the Competitiveness of MSMEs
The digital era has fundamentally changed the business competition landscape, including for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the influence of Porter's Five Forces and digital transformation on the competitiveness of MSMEs, as well as assess the role of digital transformation moderation in the relationship between the two. A quantitative approach was used by a survey method of 210 respondents of MSME actors in various sectors, who have applied digital technology in business processes. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the relationships between variables in the conceptual model. The results of the study show that Porter's Five Forces have a positive and significant effect on the competitiveness of MSMEs. Digital transformation also has a positive effect on competitiveness. Digital transformation acts as a moderator that strengthens the influence of Porter's strategy on competitiveness. This means that the higher the level of digital adoption, the greater the influence of industrial power on the competitive ability of MSMEs. This study confirms that the combination of industry structure analysis and digital capabilities is an effective strategy in creating sustainable competitive advantage. These findings have implications for the development of MSME digitalization policies, as well as provide a theoretical contribution to the enrichment of Porter's Five Forces model in the digital economy era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rindi Andika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Analysis of Legal Protection of Assets in Marriage Agreements Due to Divorce
Legal protection of assets in a marital agreement due to divorce is regulated in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, which allows couples to make a written agreement (marriage agreement) to regulate their assets, including assets, before or during marriage. This study aims to analyze the Legal Protection of Assets in Marital Agreements Due to Divorce. This study uses a normative juridical method with a regulatory approach, legal literature, and case studies of decisions related to marital assets and divorce. Data were obtained through literature review and explained descriptively-analytical, namely describing and explaining and analyzing facts through a regulatory approach. The results of this study indicate that, in principle, Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage adheres to the principle of unity of property. Marriage agreements are still rarely implemented in the general Indonesian community due to the perception that they are taboo, selfish, and materialistic, as well as a lack of understanding of their benefits and legal basis. Legal protection for assets in a marriage agreement during divorce is a specific regulation regarding inherited and joint assets, which provides legal certainty to each party to protect personal assets from division. The form of legal settlement for assets in a marriage agreement when a couple depends on the contents of the agreement and applicable law, such as the Civil Code or the Compilation of Islamic Law. If there is no agreement, joint assets are divided equally. However, if there is a marriage agreement, such as a separation of assets agreement, then assets will be divided according to the agreement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhian Syarah Ramadhani, Fitri Rafianti; Abdul Razak Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Parental Engagement Through Social Capital Theory in Enhancing Children`s Cognitive Development
This paper examines the parental engagement in developing their early age children cognitive development through the lens of social capital. Parental engagement has been extensively studied in regards to early age children`s development, however, the broader perspective related to the parental engagement itself is still insufficient. The data were collected from parents of early age children learning in Raudhatul Athfal Al-Barkah. The institution has a long commitment of encouraging parent to fully engage in their children overall development. The results provide how strong relationships among parents and their commitment to support their children cognitive development. The findings reveal that the commitment to engage and being active is firmly influenced by the sense of connectedness to and within the parents, children, and teachers. The opportunities, strength, weakness, and challenges that empower parental engagement are necessary to be taken into account.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sofni Indah Arifa Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Strategy of Islamic Study Groups in Increasing Women's Religious Literacy: A Case Study of the Islamic Study Group of Nurur Rahmah, Medan
This study is motivated by the importance of the role of majelis taklim as a non-formal Islamic educational institution that functions not only as a place for religious learning but also as a forum for moral, spiritual, and social development for women amid the currents of modernization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategies of Majelis Taklim Nurur Rahmah Medan in enhancing women’s religious literacy, including the forms of religious literacy developed, the strategies implemented, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, using data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies, analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, and validated through source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that Majelis Taklim Nurur Rahmah Medan develops four forms of religious literacy: Sufi literacy, women’s fiqh literacy, socio-religious literacy, and Islamic history literacy. The strategies implemented include kitab (Islamic book) study sessions, lectures, dhikr, sholawat, social activities, and the utilization of digital media. The main supporting factors for the success of these strategies are the leadership of the majelis, the support of the congregation, and the relevance of the learning materials, while the inhibiting factors include the limited time available for participants and the need for the majelis leadership to balance family responsibilities with preaching activities. Thus, it can be concluded that the strategies of Majelis Taklim Nurur Rahmah Medan are proven effective in improving women’s religious literacy while also empowering them in social and religious life within the community. The implication is that religious literacy can serve as an instrument for character and moral development in community-based Islamic education, thereby strengthening the role of women in building a religious and morally upright society
Copyright (c) 2025 Indah Wardani, Manshuruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Influence of Work Environment and Workload on Employee Discipline at the Department of Manpower of North Sumatra Province
This study aimed to analyze the influence of non-physical work environment and workload on the work discipline of civil servants (ASN) at the Department of Manpower of North Sumatra Province. The research background was based on the importance of creating a conducive work environment and a proportional workload distribution to enhance employee discipline and performance. This study employed a quantitative approach with an associative method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 69 respondents selected from a total of 215 civil servants using the Slovin formula. The data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique based on Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results showed that the non-physical work environment had a positive and significant effect on work discipline, with a t-statistic value of 5.925 and a p-value of 0.000. Likewise, workload had a positive and significant effect on work discipline, with a t-statistic value of 2.157 and a p-value of 0.031. These findings indicated that a comfortable work atmosphere and a properly distributed workload according to individual capacity encouraged higher employee discipline in performing their duties and responsibilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Laila Kumala, Nashrudin Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Guidance for Elementary Schools in Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile through Civics Education Learning
Guidance for elementary school teachers is a strategic effort to strengthen the Pancasila Student Profile through Civics Education (PKn) learning. This activity aims to enhance teachers’ ability to integrate Pancasila values into contextual and engaging learning processes. The methods used in this guidance include a participatory approach through workshops, focused group discussions, and direct classroom mentoring. The results indicate an improvement in teachers’ understanding of the six dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile and their ability to design project- and value-based PKn learning. The conclusion is that continuous guidance can enhance teachers’ competence in implementing learning oriented toward the development of Pancasila character. The implication of this activity is the necessity for collaboration between universities and elementary schools to ensure the sustainability of strengthening Pancasila values in basic education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ficha Aulia Nanda, Alexander Samosir; Dwi Priyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Machine Learning Utilization to Predict Potential At-Risk Students in Higher Education: A Literature Review
A prosperous and functional society always requires capable and qualified human resources to operate. Ensuring its continuity demands the success of education as the foundation for fostering and nurturing future generations and enhancing human capacity. This study aims to provide insights into various state-of-the-art predictive models to improve student retention in higher education. This study examined 37 reputable papers selected through systematic literature review techniques and discussed 7 theoretical models, 7 relational models, and 14 predictive models. The best predictive models were able to attain 93.0% accuracy using linear regression and random forest algorithms. The study found that the development of predictive machine learning requires thorough planning and preparation suited to each educational institution, and its utilization is highly recommended to enhance student retention in higher education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Yazid, Melva Sari Panjaitan; Fetty Fitriyanti Lubis, Yusep Romansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Reimagining Rural Spaces: A Narrative Literature Review on the Role of Augmented Reality in Sustainable Rural Spatial Transformation
This research aims to examine and synthesize various scientific literature discussing the role of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in transforming village space and supporting sustainable development in rural areas. Using a Narrative Literature Review (NLR) approach to seventeen international academic sources (2020–2025), this research explores the relationship between spatial transformation, digital empowerment, and spatial justice in the context of rural digitalization. The results of the synthesis indicate that the integration of AR in rural contexts results in a new form of collaborative and participatory digital space production, where communities are actively involved in the design, planning, and management of immersive technology-based spaces. AR has been shown to strengthen social, economic, and ecological connectivity in villages by increasing digital literacy, citizen participation, and increasing the efficiency of spatial data-driven development. Furthermore, digitalization oriented toward spatial justice also expands residents' access to information, resources, and local economic opportunities. This study proposes a new conceptual model, the AR-Driven Rural Spatial Transformation Model, which integrates three main components: (1) digital spatial transformation, (2) community technological empowerment, and (3) sustainable spatial justice. This model provides a theoretical contribution to the development of digital village development studies and offers policy directions that emphasize inclusivity, collaboration, and sustainability. Overall, the results of this study confirm that AR is not only a technological innovation but also a new social and spatial medium that reconstructs the relationship between people, space, and sustainable development in rural areas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ika Devi Perwitasari, Jodi Hendrawan; Dwi Wiryani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Job Satisfaction as a Moderating Factor in the Relationship between Knowledge, Work Motivation and Human Resource Development at the Child Social Service UPTD of Padang Sidimpuan–Panyabungan
This study aims to analyze the influence of knowledge and work motivation on human resource development with job satisfaction as a moderating variable at the Child Social Service UPTD of Padangsidimpuan–Panyabungan. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to all employees of the UPTD. The collected data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method with SmartPLS software. The results indicate that both knowledge and work motivation have a positive and significant effect on human resource development. Moreover, job satisfaction was found to strengthen the relationship between knowledge, work motivation, and human resource development. These findings emphasize the importance of enhancing job satisfaction through career development policies, supportive work environments, and fair reward systems to motivate employees in improving their competence and performance. This study provides practical implications for social service institutions to pay greater attention to psychological factors and individual competencies in formulating human resource development strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdi Negara Hasibuan, Sri Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Empirical Analysis of Training and Education on Human Resource Development Moderated by Infrastructure Facilities: Evidence from PT Energi Persada Inti Kontruksi Jakarta
Human resource development (HRD) plays a vital role in sustaining organizational growth and competitiveness, especially in the construction industry, where skill enhancement and adaptability are essential. This study aims to empirically analyze the effects of training and education on human resource development, with infrastructure facilities serving as a moderating variable. The research was conducted at PT Energi Persada Inti Kontruksi Jakarta, employing a quantitative approach through a structured survey of 120 employees. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the direct and moderating relationships. The findings reveal that both training and education have a positive and significant impact on HRD. Moreover, infrastructure facilities significantly strengthen the relationship between training, education, and HRD outcomes. These results highlight the strategic importance of integrating high-quality training and educational programs with adequate infrastructure support to enhance employee competence and organizational performance. The study contributes to HRD theory by demonstrating the moderating effect of infrastructure in industrial contexts, offering practical implications for managers to improve learning environments and capacity-building programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Irfan Akbar, Sri Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The UML Model of the Mosque Financial System
The financial system in mosques is an important element in managing community funds transparently and accountably. However, many mosques still face difficulties in managing income and expenses, as well as in preparing timely and structured reports. This study aims to design and develop a UML (Unified Modeling Language) model for a web-based mosque financial system that facilitates the recording, reporting, and monitoring of finances. The developed UML model includes Use Case, Class, Activity, and Sequence diagrams to illustrate the business processes, from recording donations, approval of expenditures, to financial reporting. This system is expected to improve the transparency of mosque fund management, simplify access to reports by administrators and congregants, and ensure compliance with Sharia principles in fund management. Through the application of the UML model, the mosque financial system can operate more efficiently with better internal controls, providing a clear workflow for administrators. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for mosque administrators in enhancing the quality of their financial management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ranti Eka Putri, Yossy Fadly; Dedi Purwanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sharia Hedging Implementation Strategy to Improve Financial Stability in the Tourism Sector
This study explores strategies for implementing sharia-compliant hedging as an effort to improve financial stability in the tourism sector. In the context of economic uncertainty that frequently impacts the tourism industry, this study aims to identify and analyze hedging methods that comply with sharia principles. Using a qualitative approach and case study analysis of several MSMEs in tourist areas, data was collected through interviews and observations. The results indicate that implementing sharia-compliant hedging can help businesses manage financial risks, increase investor confidence, and create greater resilience to market fluctuations. This study recommends the importance of education and training for tourism industry players to understand and effectively implement this strategy to achieve sustainable financial stability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hernawaty, Heriyati Chrisna; Abdul Khaliq, Virna Rapenia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Total Physical Response (TPR) as an Effective Method for Teaching Action Vocabulary at Muhammadiyah Private Elementary School 05 Medan
This study investigates the effectiveness of the Total Physical Response (TPR) method in improving students’ mastery of action vocabulary at Muhammadiyah Private Elementary School 05 Medan. The research was conducted using Classroom Action Research (CAR) in two cycles involving 28–32 fourth- and fifth-grade students. The learning intervention followed a structured TPR sequence: listen, act, say, read, and write. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test vocabulary assessments, observation notes, and teacher reflection journals. Quantitative data were analyzed using normalized gain and paired t-test/Wilcoxon, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. The findings show an average score improvement exceeding 20 points and more than 80% of students achieving mastery in action vocabulary. Students demonstrated high engagement and active participation, confirming that TPR is an effective method for young learners. The study supports the alignment of TPR with the Merdeka Curriculum, emphasizing meaningful learning, student-centered activities, and improved vocabulary retention.
Copyright (c) 2025 Utari, Rinaldy Alidin; Aida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Service Quality, Trust, and Corporate Image on Customer Satisfaction at Brastagi Supermarket Gatot Subroto Medan
This study aimed to analyze the effect of Service Quality, Trust, and Corporate Image on Customer Satisfaction at Brastagi Supermarket Gatot Subroto Medan. The study employed a quantitative approach with an associative method, which was designed to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The population of this study consisted of an average of 42,000 customers per month, with 100 respondents selected as samples using the Slovin formula and the accidental sampling technique. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to customers, while the data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 through multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that, partially, Service Quality, Trust, and Corporate Image had a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. Simultaneously, these three independent variables also had a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable, indicating that improvements in service quality, trust, and corporate image could increase the level of customer satisfaction. Among the three variables, Service Quality was the most dominant factor influencing customer satisfaction, as it encompasses direct aspects experienced during the purchasing and service process. The value of the determination coefficient (adjusted R²) of 0.915 indicated that 93.5% of the variation in customer satisfaction could be explained by the three independent variables, while the remaining 6.5% was explained by other factors not included in this research model. Furthermore, the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables was classified as very strong, with a correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.968. These findings confirmed that the success of Brastagi Supermarket in maintaining its customers largely depended on the company’s ability to deliver consistent service quality, build sustainable trust, and strengthen a positive corporate image in the eyes of consumers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jeane Seniwan Gulo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Electric Power Distribution System Planning (Case Study at PLN ULP East Binjai)
Voltage quality is one of the main indicators in the reliability of the electric power distribution system, where excessive voltage drops can reduce the quality of service and directly impact the performance of customer electrical equipment. This study was conducted on the distribution network of PLN ULP Binjai Timur with the analysis focus on the outgoing line of a 100 kVA distribution transformer that supplies the load through aluminum conductor cables with a cross section of 35 mm² and 70 mm² with a length of 400 meters. The load current data obtained on each phase is 53 A for phase R, 50 A for phase S, and 51 A for phase T, with an average power factor of 0.85. Based on calculations, the use of 35 mm² cables results in a phase-neutral voltage drop of 8.50%–9.01% and a phase-phase voltage of 8.56%–9.07%, which clearly exceeds the maximum technical standard limit of 5%. This condition has the potential to cause higher power losses and voltage instability on the customer side. In contrast, the use of 70 mm² cables showed significant improvements, with phase-neutral voltage drops ranging from 4.51%–4.78% and phase-to-phase voltage drops of 4.53%–4.81%, thus still meeting voltage service standards. These results confirm that selecting larger cable cross-sectional sizes in distribution networks not only reduces voltage drops but also supports energy efficiency, extends equipment lifespan, and improves customer satisfaction. These findings can be used as a basis for technical considerations in the planning and development of electricity distribution systems in PLN's operational areas, particularly in areas with rapid load growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agus Wirya Nata, Rahmaniar; Dino Erivianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Macro and Micro Nutrient Content of Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Plantation Land with the Addition of Vermiculite
Productivity of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is greatly influenced by the availability of soil nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the rate of increase in macro and micro nutrients in arabica coffee plantation soil with the addition of vermiculite. Vermiculite was combined with rice water and incubated for one week, then applied to two-month-old arabica coffee plants at doses of V1 (1 gram) and V2 (2 grams). Soil samples were analyzed before and two weeks after application using the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) method. The results showed that vermiculite application significantly increased nutrients, including potassium (from 1.35 to an average of 223.68), magnesium (from 3.46 to >120), phosphorus (from 0.97 to 217.3), and microelements such as iron, manganese, and zinc. The results showed that the combination of vermiculite with rice water proved effective as a soil conditioner to increase the soil fertility of arabica coffee plantations in a short time.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kabul Warsito, Nur Asmaq; Indra Irawan, Diki Wahyudi, Dony Saputra, Tawanli Manullang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Socialization of The Utilization of Goat Urine Liquid Waste as Organic Fertilizer in Klambir V Kebun Village
Goat urine provides macro and micronutrients and contains plant growth regulators (PGRs). Goat urine contains 1.5% nitrogen, 0.13% phosphorus, and 1.8% potassium. Goat urine contains higher levels of the natural hormones IAA, gibberellins, and cytokinins than other livestock. Goat urine can be processed through fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical change in an organic substrate through the activity of enzymes produced by microorganisms. The results of fermented organic materials such as sugars, alcohols, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and other organic compounds are easily absorbed directly by plant roots. The use of effective microorganisms in the production of fermented goat urine liquid organic fertilizer aims to accelerate the fermentation process. Effective microorganisms, also known as probiotics, are mixed cultures of various beneficial microorganisms, such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycete yeasts, and fermentative fungi, which can improve soil microbial activity. The use of solid goat manure waste is commonplace among farmers in Klambir V Kebun village, but the use of fermented goat urine as a liquid organic fertilizer is less widely known. Therefore, efforts to optimize the use of fermented goat urine as a liquid organic fertilizer are crucial. This outreach program was conducted to provide additional information and knowledge to community groups in Klambir V Kebun village on the production of fermented liquid organic fertilizer. This effort aims to address environmental pollution and provide an alternative source of fertilizer for residents of Klambir V Kebun, especially farmers. The activity method used was lectures, discussions, and hands-on practice. The results of this outreach program on the production of liquid organic fertilizer from goat urine can help the community manage livestock waste, particularly goat urine, for greater benefits for farmers.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Wasito, Najla Lubis; M. Sidik Tarigan, Griya Eri Enanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital-Based Multi-Stakeholder Partnership Model for Improving Marketing Efficiency in Smallholder Sheep Marketing Chain in Indonesia
The sheep marketing chain in Indonesia faces severe efficiency challenges characterized by the predominance of smallholder farmers (99%) who possess limited bargaining power. This study analyzes marketing efficiency, maps market structure, and develops a digital-based partnership model to enhance marketing performance. A mixed-methods approach surveyed 126 respondents consisting of farmers, collectors, traders, and retailers in Binjai, North Sumatra. Data were analyzed using Marketing Efficiency Index (MEI), Concentration Ratio (CR4), Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), and Willingness to Participate Index. Findings reveal critically low marketing efficiency (MEI 42.3%) and farmers' share (68.5%). Market structure exhibits high concentration (CR4 76.3%, HHI 1,847) among few large traders. Three primary inefficiency factors: market information asymmetry (score 4.23), infrastructure limitations (score 4.11), and weak farmer bargaining position (score 4.08). The developed Partnership 4.0 model integrates digital platform infrastructure, participatory governance with 40% farmer representation, and collective bargaining strategies. Strong stakeholder acceptance (WTP Index 73.4%) and projected substantial improvements: MEI from 42.3% to 61.7%, additional income IDR 1.77 million annually per household, with one-month payback period and benefit-cost ratio 11.8:1. These findings underscore necessity for government policy support in digital infrastructure development and multi-stakeholder partnership facilitation as critical enablers for sustainable sheep marketing chain transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Julia Marisa, Sukma Aditya Sitepu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development of a Web-Based 360° VR Virtual Tour of Istana Maimun as an Educational Medium for Malay Deli Culture
This study aims to develop a web-based 360° Virtual Reality (VR) virtual tour of Istana Maimun as a learning medium to introduce Malay Deli culture. The development process follows the ADDIE model, which consists of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. This research is limited only to the development and functional testing stages and does not include the measurement of learning effectiveness. The study resulted in a responsive website that integrates 360° panoramic views, interactive hotspots, and cultural descriptions to support immersive learning. Functional testing was conducted through system performance validation and functionality testing with a limited number of users to ensure that all interactive elements operated properly on both desktop and mobile devices. The findings indicate that the virtual tour functions well and can be accessed as a learning medium for cultural exploration, particularly of Malay Deli Culture. This development demonstrates the potential of web-based VR technology in preserving and introducing local cultural heritage through digital learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Heri Kurniawan, Ahmad Akbar; Nova Mayasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integration of Quran Memorization in the Development of Moral Education: A Multi-Site Study at MAS PAB 2 Helvetia and MAS Tarbiyah Islamiyah Hamparan Perak
This study aims to examine the integration of the Qur'an memorization program in the development of moral education at the PAB 2 Helvetia Private Senior High School (MAS) and the Tarbiyah Islamiyah Hamparan Perak MAS. This study uses a qualitative approach with a multi-site study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. Source and method triangulation were carried out to ensure data validity. The results showed that the integration of Qur'an memorization in the development of moral education was carried out through three main strategies. First, curriculum integration, which is the combination of memorization programs with structured moral education in subjects and extracurricular activities. Second, habit formation, in which students are trained to apply Qur'an memorization in their daily attitudes, such as discipline, honesty, and responsibility. Third, the exemplary behavior of teachers and tahfiz coaches who serve as models of Qur'anic morals for students. This study also found that the main supporting factors were the religious environment of the Islamic boarding school, full support from parents, and a madrasah culture that emphasized moral guidance. The obstacles encountered included limited study time, differences in student motivation, and inconsistent management of the tahfiz program at both research locations. The integration of Quran memorization has proven to be effective in strengthening character education in madrasahs, although innovations in program management are still needed to ensure more equitable and sustainable success. These findings are expected to serve as a model for other Islamic educational institutions in building synergy between Quran memorization and character building among students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Yunan Harahap, Ismaraidha; Nurul Husna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Use of Progressive Web Apps (PWA) to Improve Web Application Accessibility in Areas with Limited Connectivity
The development of web technology demands applications that can be accessed quickly and remain stable, including in areas with limited internet connectivity. Progressive Web Apps (PWA) are a technology that combines the advantages of web and native applications, offering features such as offline mode, caching, and push notifications. This study aims to analyze the extent to which PWA implementation can improve the accessibility of web applications under limited network conditions. The research method used is qualitative descriptive analysis to examine the potential of Progressive Web Apps (PWA) in enhancing web application accessibility in low-connectivity environments. Data was collected through a literature review of previous studies, technical documentation, and case studies related to PWA implementation in developing regions. The results of this study are expected to provide practical insights into the effectiveness of PWAs in improving user experience in areas with network limitations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Isnar Sumartono, Hardiansyah Putra; Suheri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring Student Learning Saturation in Islamic Education at Ar-Rahman High School in Medan
This study aims to explore student learning fatigue in Islamic Education classes at Ar-Rahman High School in Medan, as well as to identify the underlying factors. The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data was obtained through classroom observation, semi-structured interviews with Islamic Education teachers and students, and the distribution of questionnaires to selected respondents. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, thereby obtaining a comprehensive picture of the dynamics of learning fatigue. The results showed that student fatigue in PAI learning manifested in the form of decreased participation, passive attitudes, low enthusiasm for discussion, and a tendency to avoid learning activities. The factors causing boredom include the dominance of These findings confirm that PAI learning still faces challenges in accommodating the diversity of student learning styles and the demands of the digital generation. The implication of this research is the need for more adaptive, interactive, and contextual PAI learning strategies so that students not only understand the cognitive aspects but also internalize religious values in their daily lives. Exploring the conditions of learning fatigue can serve as a basis for teachers and education policymakers in designing more effective learning models to improve the quality of Islamic education in secondary schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nanda Rahayu Agustia, Rahayu Dwi Utami; Anwar Sholeh Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
DC to AC Inverter Prototype Design for Household Electronic Equipment Applications
The design and realization of a DC to AC inverter prototype for household electronic applications are presented in this paper. The proposed inverter converts a 12 V DC input into a stable 220 V AC output at 50 Hz using a pulse width modulation (PWM) control technique with MOSFET-based switching. The inverter employs a push-pull topology with a step-up transformer and LC filtering to generate a quasi-sinusoidal waveform. The system is designed for low-power household loads up to 300 W. Experimental testing shows that the inverter produces an average output voltage of 220 ± 3 V AC with a total harmonic distortion (THD) below 5%, and achieves maximum efficiency of 88.9%. The prototype demonstrates reliable operation for various resistive and inductive loads such as lighting systems, fans, and televisions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suherly Syahputra, Muhammad Erpandi Dalimunthe; Rahmaniar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design of an Integrated Public Complaint Information System Based on Web and WhatsApp Gateway
The rapid growth of digital technology has transformed how public services are delivered, requiring faster, more transparent, and more accessible channels for handling citizen complaints. This study aims to design and implement an Integrated Public Complaint Information System based on a web platform and a WhatsApp Gateway to support real-time communication and improve responsiveness in public service environments. The system was developed using the Prototyping Model, allowing iterative refinement based on user feedback. The integration of the WhatsApp API enables citizens to submit complaints through familiar communication channels, while the web-based dashboard allows administrators to manage, verify, and respond to complaints efficiently. Functional testing using the Blackbox Testing method indicated a 97.5% success rate, demonstrating that all key features operated according to the defined requirements. System performance evaluation using the Response Efficiency Index (REI) achieved a score of 90%, showing that the majority of complaints were handled within the acceptable service time. User satisfaction measurement also resulted in an 80% User Satisfaction Index (USI), indicating that citizens found the system easy to use, responsive, and reliable. The results show that integrating a WhatsApp Gateway with a web-based complaint system significantly enhances accessibility, transparency, and service efficiency. This system can serve as a practical solution to support digital transformation initiatives in public service management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Khaliq, Ruly Dwi Arista, Banyu Yusadewo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) for Fair Bandwidth Allocation in Small Business Network Environments
Internet connectivity is one of the most crucial infrastructures for small business operations. Unbalanced bandwidth allocation often leads to inefficient network performance, especially in shared environments. This study implements the Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) method on a MikroTik RB951Ui-2HnD router to manage and distribute bandwidth fairly among users in a small business network. The implementation allows bandwidth to be divided hierarchically by assigning priorities to each client according to business needs. The system was tested using Quality of Service (QoS) parameters throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss. The results show that HTB improved bandwidth distribution efficiency by up to 35% compared to the Simple Queue method. The research demonstrates that HTB provides an effective and flexible approach to fair bandwidth management in small business network environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fachrid Wadly, Muhammad Muttaqin, Pipin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design of an Arduino-Based Electrical Power Optimization Monitoring System for Wind Power Plants
Wind is a renewable energy that we can utilize through Wind Power Plants. The power generated by wind turbines comes from the wind that drives the windmills and wind turbines. Several factors that affect the performance of wind turbines are weather, humidity, temperature and the position of the windmill. Wind turbines can work optimally if we can monitor every current and voltage generated from the Wind Power Plant. Therefore, a tool was created that can monitor and display the amount of voltage and current generated by the Wind Turbine. This tool uses a PZEM-004T sensor to measure current and voltage. The sensor measurement results are processed by the Arduino Nano R3 then the data will be displayed on the LCD and ESP-01 Chip to wifi then the data will be sent to the Thingspeack cloud server to display the current and voltage on the web that we can open via Laptop and Android.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Anisah, Zuraidah Tharo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Optimization of Renewable Energy Integration in Power Systems for Clean Energy Transition
Global climate change caused by increasing greenhouse gas emissions has prompted the world to transition toward a sustainable clean energy system. Indonesia, as a developing country with rapidly growing electricity demand, faces significant challenges in realizing this energy transition. The national electricity system remains heavily dependent on fossil fuels, particularly coal, which contributes substantially to carbon emissions. This study aims to analyze the potential, challenges, and strategies for optimizing the utilization of renewable energy within Indonesia’s power system. The research applies a qualitative descriptive method through an extensive literature review from scientific journals, reports, and official publications. The results indicate that Indonesia possesses abundant renewable energy potential, including solar energy of 207.8 GWp, hydropower of 75 GW, wind energy of 60.6 GW, and geothermal energy exceeding 28 GW. However, the current utilization rate remains low, only around 14% of the total national energy mix. The main barriers include limited infrastructure, high investment costs, and uncompetitive regulatory frameworks. To overcome these challenges, optimization strategies should focus on strengthening policy and regulatory support, implementing smart grid and energy storage technologies, and fostering collaboration between government, industry, and society. With these integrated efforts, Indonesia can accelerate the transition toward a clean, efficient, and sustainable electricity system to achieve the Net Zero Emission target by 2060.
Copyright (c) 2025 Van Bastian Situmorang, Zuraidah Tharo; Parlin Siagian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Information Technology and Business Strategy Alignment in the Government Agency Personnel Management System Using the Luftman Model
The alignment between information technology (IT) and business strategy is a critical factor influencing organizational performance, particularly within government institutions that rely on digital systems for human resource management. This study aims to analyze the level of alignment between IT and business strategies in the Government Agency Personnel Management System using the Luftman Strategic Alignment Maturity Model (SAMM). Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with key stakeholders, including IT managers, HR officers, and policy makers. The assessment dimensions included communication, competency/value measurement, governance, partnership, technology scope, and skills. The results indicate a moderate level of alignment (maturity level 3), suggesting that while IT supports operational efficiency, strategic collaboration and measurement mechanisms remain limited. Recommendations are provided to enhance the integration of IT and business strategies to achieve optimal alignment in supporting human resource digitalization initiatives
Copyright (c) 2025 Andreas Ghanneson Nainggolan, Muhammad Amin; Khairil Putra, Natalia Nahampun, Dina Marsauli Sibarani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Imam Al-Ghazali’s Critique of Modern Islamic Education in Al- Munqidz min al-Dhalal
This study aims to examine the critique of modern Islamic education through the perspective of Imam al-Ghazali's classic work, Al-Munqidz min al-Dhalal . This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method, namely reviewing various literature relevant to al- Ghazali's thoughts and the development of modern Islamic education. The results of the study indicate that al-Ghazali put forward a fundamental critique of the education system that only emphasizes rational and material aspects without paying attention to the spiritual dimension and the formation of morals. In the context of modern Islamic education, this critique is relevant because many Islamic educational institutions tend to adopt Western educational patterns that are pragmatic and secular. Al-Ghazali emphasized the importance of balance between worldly knowledge and the afterlife, between reason and intuition, and between intellectuality and spirituality. Thus, education should not only be oriented towards academic achievement, but also on the purification of the soul and the formation of character based on Islamic values. This study concludes that al-Ghazali's ideas in Al-Munqidz min al-Dhalal can be a conceptual basis in formulating a holistic, integrative, and transformative Islamic education paradigm, which is able to answer the challenges of modernity without losing its spiritual and moral essence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Soleman Siregar, Muhammad Yunan Harahap; Charles Rangkuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation Of Criminal Sanctions For Perpetrators Of Sexual Violence Against Children After The Enactment Of Government Regulation Number 70 Of 2020
This study aims to find out how the criminal act of sexual violence against children is regulated and the application of criminal sanctions for the perpetrators after the enactment of Government Regulation Number 70 of 2020. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach. The results of the study show that the regulation regarding sexual violence against children is regulated in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, which classifies acts of sexual violence into two forms, namely sexual intercourse and obscene acts against children. Article 76D regulates the prohibition of violence or threats of violence to force children to have sexual intercourse, while Article 76E regulates the prohibition of violence, deception, lies, or persuasion to commit obscene acts against children. Sexual violence is not only limited to acts of intercourse, but includes all forms of sexual contact between adults and children. The application of criminal sanctions after the enactment of Government Regulation Number 70 of 2020 is carried out in layers, namely first, the implementation of the main punishment in the form of imprisonment and/or fines according to a court decision with permanent legal force, and second, the implementation of additional punishments in the form of chemical castration, the installation of electronic detection devices, rehabilitation, and the announcement of the identity of the perpetrator of sexual violence against children.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yoldy Israq, Suci Ramadani; Muhammad Arif Sahlepi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Non-Technical Loss Analysis Based on kWh Meter Maintenance Aspects at PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Situbondo
During the process of electricity distribution, there is a loss of electrical energy that comes from the difference between the amount of energy produced and the amount sold. This is referred to as losses. Losses are classified into two types: technical losses and non-technical losses. Non-technical losses represent the loss of electrical energy due to unmeasured energy caused by disturbances in measuring instruments (kWh meters). These disturbances may include aged kWh meters, blurry meters, damaged or broken meter covers, blank LCD displays, non-rotating meter disks, and burned or lightning-struck meter terminals. This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. The collected data consists of the realization of kWh meter replacements experiencing disturbances from January to June 2024. Based on these data, the total percentage of non-technical losses experienced by PLN Situbondo is 0.65%. Meanwhile, the percentage contribution of kWh meter disturbances to non-technical losses is 0.0076%. During the disturbance period, electricity consumption was recorded at 244,871 kWh. However, after the kWh meter repairs, consumption increased to 274,648 kWh. Therefore, the improvement in losses reached 29,777 kWh, equivalent to Rp 20,758,691. Other benefits include improved operational efficiency for PLN and increased accuracy in customers’ electricity billing readings. This minimizes meter reading errors. Thus, replacing kWh meters is an effective way to reduce such losses.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizka Danny Kireinawati, Rahmaniar; Hamdani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation Of An Attendance System Using Rfid And Arduino Based Camera At PAB Klumpang High School
This paper presents the design, development, and implementation of a smart attendance system using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and camera-based verification integrated with Arduino Uno microcontroller. The main objective is to automate the attendance process at SMA PAB Klumpang, improving accuracy, reducing manual errors, and minimizing impersonation incidents. Each student is equipped with a unique RFID card as an electronic identification tag. When scanned by an RFID reader, the system records attendance data and triggers a camera module to capture the student’s image as visual verification. The recorded data (student ID, name, timestamp, and photo) are automatically stored in a MySQL database via serial communication with a computer interface. The prototype demonstrates an RFID reading accuracy of 98.4%, an image capture success rate of 95%, and an average response time of 1.85 seconds per transaction. This system provides a low-cost, efficient, and secure solution for digital attendance management in educational institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aldi Ardiansyah, Muhammad Erpandi Dalimunthe; Pristisal Wibowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of Human Rights Protection For Victims of Sexual Violence in Indonesia
The concept of Indonesia as a state of law emphasizes the importance of protecting human rights as stated in Article 1 paragraph (3) and Article 28G paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The legislative approach is used to examine regulations related to sexual violence, while the conceptual approach is used to build legal understanding based on the doctrine and principles of protection of victims. Sexual violence is a violation of human dignity and the right to freedom from inhuman treatment. However, the rate of sexual violence in Indonesia continues to increase, while existing regulations have not been able to provide comprehensive protection for victims. The protection of victims of sexual violence is regulated in various regulations such as the 1945 Constitution, the Human Rights Law, the Criminal Code, the Domestic Violence Law, the Child Protection Law, and the PTPPO Law. However, there is no comprehensive protection because there is no specific law yet. The Criminal Code is still oriented towards moral violations, not victim protection, and is positivistic.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zahrana Syavica, Muhammad Arif Sahlepi; Rahmayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Inflation Levels on Stock Underpricing Decisions in Companies Conducting Initial Public Offerings in Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the effect of inflation rates on stock underpricing decisions in companies conducting Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2020 to 2024. This study uses a quantitative approach with a simple linear regression analysis method. The sample for this study consisted of 30 companies conducting IPOs during the observation period, with secondary data obtained from financial reports, company prospectuses, and Indonesia Stock Exchange publications. The results show that the inflation rate has a positive and significant effect on the level of underpricing. The results found that the inflation rate has an effect of 0.228 with a significance value of 0.003 <0.05. This explains that 22.8% of the factors influencing underpricing decisions in companies are inflation rates, but 77.2% are influenced by other factors such as interest rates, exchange rates, and market sentiment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Irza Aryasta, Rahima Br. Purba; M. Irsan Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The purpose of this study was to determine the physical and organoleptic characteristics of milk sold by dairy farmers or dairy outlets and the suitability of the milk based on SNI 3141.1 in Medan. The material used in this study was 10 L of fresh cow's milk purchased from several dairy farmers in the Medan. This study used a survey method with a t-test and data were analyzed descriptively. The parameters observed were the reductase number, alcohol test, boiling point, and pH value of fresh milk. The results of this study indicate that milk from dairy farmers in Medan does not meet SNI 3141.1.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Asmaq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Strengthening and Developing Merah Putih Cooperative Based on Good Corporate Governance and Business Innovation
Cooperatives remain a cornerstone of the national economy, yet their strategic contribution to local development is often constrained by weak governance structures and limited innovation capacity. This study highlights the importance of integrating Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles with business innovation as a dual strategy for strengthening and developing cooperatives. From an accounting and governance perspective, GCG provides the framework for transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and fairness in financial and managerial practices. Simultaneously, innovation—through business diversification, digitalization, and sustainability initiatives—expands cooperatives’ capacity to generate revenue and adapt to market changes. The combined application of GCG and business innovation enables cooperatives to transform into modern, professionally managed entities that not only ensure member welfare but also reinforce national economic resilience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Renny Maysarah, Annisa Ilmi Faried; Rahelsa Octaviana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Compensation and Work Environment on Employee Performance in the Chicken Business in Sei Sikambing Market Medan
This study aims to analyze the influence of compensation and work environment on employee performance in the slaughtered chicken business at Sei Sicaming Market, Medan. The background of this research is based on the importance of the role of human resources in increasing productivity and business success, especially in the traditional trade sector which demands efficiency and precision of work. The main problem faced by chicken business owners is low employee performance which is allegedly caused by an inadequate compensation system and suboptimal working environment conditions. This study uses a quantitative approach, which aims to determine the relationship and influence between variables. The population in this study is all employees in various slaughtered chicken businesses in Sei Sicaming Market, Medan, with a sample of 100 respondents selected using purposive sampling techniques, namely employees who have worked for at least six months. Primary data was collected through questionnaires compiled based on variable indicators of compensation, work environment, and employee performance. Data analysis was carried out using Partial Least Square (PLS) with the help of SmartPLS 3.0 software, which included convergent validity tests, reliability tests, structural model analysis (inner model), and intervariable significance tests. The results of the study show that compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, which means that the higher the compensation received, the higher the performance produced. The work environment also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, which shows that safe, comfortable, and supportive working conditions can increase employee morale and productivity. In addition, simultaneously these two variables have a significant effect on employee performance in the chicken slaughter business at Sei Sikambing Market in Medan. Improving employee performance can be achieved through the provision of proper and systematic compensation, as well as the creation of a conducive work environment both physically and non-physically. The results of this study are expected to be input for slaughtered chicken business owners in designing effective human resource management strategies to increase business productivity and sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irwan Syah Bana, Sri Rahayu; Muhammad Toyib Daulay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Leadership and Motivation in Public Service: Understanding Civil Servant Performance through Workplace Realities in Medan Johor Sub-District Office
This study explores how leadership and work motivation shape the performance of civil servants within the context of public service in Indonesia. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research investigates the lived experiences of employees at the Medan Johor Sub-District Office to uncover the social, organizational, and leadership factors influencing their work behavior. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, and then analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns and meanings. The findings reveal that leadership style plays a pivotal role in shaping motivation, discipline, and a sense of responsibility among employees. Transformational and participative leadership practices were found to enhance intrinsic motivation and foster a supportive work environment that contributes to improved performance. Conversely, bureaucratic rigidity and limited feedback mechanisms often diminish motivation and creativity. This study contributes to public management literature by emphasizing that effective leadership in the civil service context should balance authority with empathy and empowerment. The implications highlight the need for leadership development programs and motivational strategies tailored to Indonesia’s public sector culture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irwanda Akhiruddin Lubis, Sri Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Designing an Interactive Website Prototype Using HCD Method to Enhance Accessibility and Digital Experience on the 'SadeStudio' Platform
This study aims to design an interactive website prototype using the Human-Computer Design (HCD) method to enhance accessibility and digital experience on the SadeStudio platform. HCD is an approach that places the user at the center of the design process, ensuring that the interaction between humans and computer systems is intuitive and efficient. In this research, we conducted user need analysis through interviews and surveys, then identified elements that could improve comfort and accessibility on the platform. The resulting prototype design integrates HCD principles to create an interface that is responsive, user-friendly, and able to meet user needs. The results of prototype testing show significant improvements in accessibility and user experience, measured through usability tests and user feedback. This research is expected to contribute to the development of more user-friendly web platforms, focusing on enhancing accessibility and the comfort of digital interaction for users.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Wahyuni, Virdyra Tasril https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Online Fraud Crimes With Cashback and Commission Offer Modes Through Online Media
This study aims to analyze online fraud crimes with the mode of offering cashback and commissions through social media, including legal arrangements, victim protection, and obstacles in law enforcement. The method used is normative juridical with literature studies, reviewing laws and regulations, legal literature, and related documents. The results of the study showed that the crime of fraud was regulated in Article 378 of the Criminal Code for conventional fraud as well as Article 28 and Article 45A of the ITE Law (Law No. 11 of 2008 and Law No. 19 of 2016) for online fraud, providing a criminal threat of up to six years in prison and/or a maximum fine of Rp1 billion. Legal protection for victims includes the right to material compensation through compensation and restitution, supported by a professional judicial process, and preventive efforts through digital literacy and public education. Online fraud modes include phishing, scams, and shared card info, while obstacles to disclosure of perpetrators include the use of fake identities, complex banking bureaucracy, low professionalism of investigators, and limited digital investigation support facilities. The implications of the research emphasize the need to strengthen the capacity of law enforcement officials, optimize ITE Law regulations, and increase public digital literacy and awareness as preventive measures in dealing with the diversification of online fraud modes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Restika Ndruru, Muhammad Arif Sahlepi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Liquidity, Solvency, and Operational Efficiency on the Profitability of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk for the Period 2020–2024
Fluctuations in profitability within the food and beverage sector indicate differences in companies' ability to manage assets and liabilities during the economic recovery period. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of liquidity, solvency, and operational efficiency on the profitability of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk during the period 2020 to 2024. The data utilized are quarterly financial statements, which were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS 22. The results indicate that liquidity and operational efficiency have a significant effect on profitability, whereas solvency does not have a significant effect. Simultaneously, the three variables collectively have a significant impact on profitability. This study is expected to serve as a reference for management in designing more effective financial strategies to enhance operational efficiency and maintain profit stability, thereby enabling the company to sustain its financial performance amid economic dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Insaf Laia, Meigia Nidya Sari; Dwi Saraswati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Simulation of an IoT-Based Water Quality Monitoring System for Aquaculture Applications
This research focuses on the design and simulation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for monitoring water quality in aquaculture environments. The proposed system integrates pH and temperature sensors with a microcontroller model to acquire environmental data in real time. The collected data are transmitted to a cloud platform using the MQTT protocol, enabling continuous monitoring and visualization through a web-based dashboard. The simulation was conducted using Python and MQTT-based virtual environments to evaluate data accuracy, communication reliability, and system performance. The results show that the proposed IoT architecture effectively monitors water quality parameters and provides timely information to support decision-making in fish farming management. This study contributes to the development of a reliable and low-cost IoT framework for smart aquaculture applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Zen, Hafni; Sayuti Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design of Advent Hospital’s Garden Based on the Therapeutic Garden Concept
The hospital environment plays an important role in supporting the healing process of patients, both physically and psychologically. However, most hospitals in Indonesia have not optimized green open spaces as healing elements. This study aims to design a garden at Advent Hospital Medan with a Therapeutic Garden concept that can provide healing effects through human interaction with natural elements. The research method was conducted through field observations, literature studies, and site analysis to determine the potential and design constraints. The results showed that hospital gardens can improve the comfort of patients, medical staff, and visitors through the application of vegetation, water, natural lighting, and reflection and meditation spaces. The healing garden design is expected to serve as a recommendation for other hospitals to improve the quality of open spaces that serve a therapeutic function.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmadhani Fitri, Wirdatul Akmal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Neutral Conductor Power Loss of PLN ULP Aek Nabara Distribution Transformer Distribution Substation An.02 and An.92
In the distribution of electrical energy to consumers, energy loss or energy loss occurs. Energy loss or energy loss occurs. In an electrical system, energy losses inevitably occur. This is because there is a barrier in the conductor which is a natural property of the issue. The process of calculating energy losses involves many calculations on the problem due to the extensive distribution network. Therefore, we need a way to calculate losses, by measuring distribution substations, calculating voltage drops, and calculating line resistance to calculate peak and average power losses using the ETAP application. The aim of this research is to determine the power lost due to unbalanced loads and this affecting the conductor. Next, calculate the power lost due to the transformer’s limp loading and the current flowing to the neutral. The results obtained are that the losses in the transformer distributed in a limping condition are greater than in a balanced load because the transformer works in conditions that are not optimal and the conductors are damaged more quickly due to the unevenly distributed load.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gian Prayogo, Rahmaniar; Adisastra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Designing the Authority of the Judicial Commission in Upholding the Honour, Capacity, and Welfare of Judges in Indonesia
One of the constitutional mandates of the Judicial Commission of Indonesia is to safeguard the honour, dignity, and conduct of judges, as stipulated in Article 24B(1) of the 1945 Constitution and Article 13(b) of Law No. 22 of 2004 on the Judicial Commission. Conceptually, however, Article 20 of Law No. 18 of 2011 redefines the Commission primarily as an external supervisory body over judicial conduct, without clearly delineating its role in preserving judicial honour and dignity. Moreover, Article 20(2) of the same law extends the Commission’s responsibilities to include promoting the capacity and welfare of judges, operationalized through ethics training under Judicial Commission Regulation No. 3 of 2013. This regulatory framework leaves two key issues unresolved: first, the precise scope of the Commission’s role in upholding judicial honour and dignity; and second, the extent of its authority in advancing judicial welfare. Employing a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this article finds that the Judicial Commission lacks a comprehensive framework to implement its constitutional mandate effectively. It argues that the Commission’s authority should be restructured to function not only as an external supervisory body but also as a guardian of judicial integrity and an institution empowered to ensure that judges’ welfare is adequately supported by the executive branch.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agus Adhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of The Quality of Electrical Power and Its Impact on PT Pamin Medan Factory Operations
Pacific Medan Industri (PAMIN), which is located in the modern industrial area of Medan which was established in 1998, is one of the companies engaged in the food sector that produces palmoil-based products such as palm oil, shortening, margarine, cooking oil, special fats, PET bottles including metal printing (printing), cans (cans) and jerry cans for packaging. The problem at PT PAMIN is poor power quality caused by the load on the transformer. The solution is to reduce the use of excess loads, so that the transformer can be more optimal and maximum efficiency. The purpose of this study is to determine the quality of electrical power in PAMIN and analyze the problems of electrical power quality that occur in PAMIN. The results of the active power analysis were obtained at 86,768 kVA. The results of the load analysis were obtained as I average = 91.657 A, IR = 1.08, IS = 1.004, IT = 0.906.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arnold Noverson Laia, Rahmaniar; Haris Gunawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Insulation Resistance Testing on 275 kV Circuit Breakers at GITET Arun Based on PT PLN (Persero) Directive SKDIR 520
The insulation resistance test on the 275 kV Circuit Breaker (CB) at GITET Arun is a crucial step in maintaining the electrical system’s reliability and safety. This study aims to analyze the insulation resistance test results before and after maintenance, based on the SKDIR 520 PT PLN (Persero) standard. The method involves measuring insulation resistance using an Insulation Resistance Tester (Megger MIT 525) and evaluating the effectiveness of maintenance activities such as cleaning bushings and stubs. The test results indicate that after maintenance, the insulation resistance values increased by an average of 30% at the upper terminal, lower terminal, and upperlower terminal, thereby meeting the established operational standards. In conclusion, routine maintenance improves CB insulation resistance values and ensures the reliability of the power system
Copyright (c) 2025 Azzumar, Rahmaniar; Siti Anisah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Tax Crimes Reviewed from the Perspective of Corruption Eradication
This study examines tax crimes from the perspective of corruption eradication, with a focus on law enforcement in Indonesia. Tax crimes not only cause financial losses to the state but also erode public trust in the taxation system and governance. On the other hand, efforts to eradicate corruption have become a global agenda aimed at improving the integrity and accountability of public institutions. This study examines tax crimes from the perspective of corruption eradication, focusing on the study of decision No. 29/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Jkt.Pst. This study also highlights the importance of collaboration between the government, the community, and anti-corruption agencies in eradicating corruption in the taxation sector. This study uses a descriptive-analytical approach with a normative legal research type. The data used is sourced from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are analyzed qualitatively. The results show that there is a close relationship between tax crimes and corruption, where weak legal accountability can create loopholes for corrupt practices. Thus, strict and transparent law enforcement is necessary to improve the accountability of perpetrators of corruption and irregularities in the context of taxation, which are often interrelated. Collaboration between government agencies and the community is essential in monitoring and eradicating corrupt practices in the field of taxation. The conclusion of this study is that strengthening the legal accountability of perpetrators of tax crimes is a crucial step in the effort to eradicate corruption in Indonesia, thereby creating a more equitable and effective taxation system. Increased tax accountability is directly correlated with more effective efforts to eradicate corruption.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chairuni Nasution, Alfriz Hutabarat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Implementation of a Web-Based BUMDes Application for Jati Sari Village, Padang Tualang District, Langkat Regency
Village development plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable national progress, particularly through the empowerment of local economic institutions such as Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) or Village-Owned Enterprises. Jati Sari Village, located in Padang Tualang District, Langkat Regency, possesses significant potential in agriculture, services, and trade sectors. However, the management of its BUMDes operations remains conventional and manually organized, leading to inefficiencies in data handling, limited transparency, and difficulties in reporting and evaluation. To address these issues, this study aims to design and develop a web-based BUMDes management application that supports effective, transparent, and digitally integrated operations. The system was developed using the Waterfall software development model, with PHP as the main programming language and MySQL as the database management system. Data were collected through observation, interviews with BUMDes administrators, and literature review. The developed system includes several key modules such as user management, financial reporting, savings and loan data management, population records, and service transactions. System testing was conducted using black-box testing and user acceptance testing (UAT) involving BUMDes administrators and village officials. The results showed that all main features performed according to specifications, with an average usability score of 80 (categorized as good). The implementation of this application improved administrative efficiency, enhanced data accuracy, and increased public trust in BUMDes management. In conclusion, the web-based BUMDes application successfully provides an integrated platform for managing village economic activities. It supports transparency, accountability, and accessibility for both administrators and the community. Future development is recommended to include online payment integration, cloud-based backup systems, and advanced data analytics to strengthen digital-based rural economic governance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ika Widya Sari, Eka Putra; Herdianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Madrasah Culture Implemented in The Extracurricular Learning Process at MTs Raudatul Jihad Blangpegayon
This study aims to analyze the implementation of madrasa culture in extracurricular activities at MTs Raudatul Jihad Blangpegayon as a strategy for developing religious and noble character. Departing from the challenges of moral decadence in the era of globalization, this study highlights the important role of Islamic educational institutions in instilling religious values ​​through non-formal activities. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with interview, observation, and documentation techniques, data were obtained from the madrasa principal, extracurricular instructors, and purposively selected students, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results show that the six main values ​​of madrasa culture religiousness, discipline, responsibility, cooperation, sincerity, and social concern—are implemented through strategies of habituation, role modeling, and internalization of values ​​in Islamic Scouting, Tahfidzul Qur'an, and hadrah activities. Extracurricular activities function as an effective character laboratory in instilling madrasa cultural values, forming students who are religious, disciplined, and have noble character in accordance with the vision of the madrasa as an institution with Islamic character.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marjuan, Bahtiar Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of The Role of The Family in Forming Students' Islamic Concept at Tekad Mulia Elementary School in Deli Serdang Regency
Islamic education plays a fundamental role in shaping the whole person, namely a person who is balanced in spiritual, intellectual, moral, and social aspects. The formation of students' religious character is one of the important goals of education, particularly in developing a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent but also possesses moral and spiritual integrity. The research design in a research journal is a structured plan used by researchers to conduct research, which includes methods for data collection, analysis, and interpretation of results. The research design ensures that the research is directed, systematic, and effective in answering the research questions. This study is a field research approach. Research findings: Families play a significant role in shaping students' Islamic faith through education, role models, supervision, and motivation. The main factors influencing the success of the family's role are the parents' religious educational background, economic conditions, and social environment. A positive family role has a significant impact on students' religious behavior, both in terms of religious discipline, morals, and social awareness at school.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maya Gustina, Tumiran; Hadi Saputra Panggabean https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Study Of The Decision Of The Constitutional Court No. 90/PUU- XXI/2023 In The Examination Of Law No. 7 Of 2017 Concerning General Elections
The Constitutional Court is a judicial institution that has constitutional authority in interpreting the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and giving legally binding decisions. Through this authority, the Constitutional Court has an important role in maintaining the supremacy of the constitution and upholding the principle of the rule of law. This study aims to examine the extent of the Constitutional Court's authority in adding new norms through the testing of the Law on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and analyze the implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 on Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. This research uses a normative juridical approach by examining relevant laws and regulations and decisions of the Constitutional Court. The results of the study show that the Constitutional Court has a wide interpretive space in interpreting constitutional norms, but the addition of new norms must remain within the corridor of the principle of constitutionality and not exceed its authority as a negative legislator. This ruling has significant implications for the electoral system in Indonesia, especially related to the establishment of new norms in the constitutional legal process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wida Azlina, Hepy Krisman Laia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
AI-Enhanced Adaptive Learning Systems Unlocking the Future of Educational Excellence
This study examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI)-based adaptive learning systems to improve the quality of education in the digital age. Adaptive learning systems combined with AI technology have significant potential to create a more personalized and efficient learning experience, tailored to the needs and abilities of each student. By utilizing machine learning algorithms, this system can present teaching materials and methods that are relevant to students' development, thereby increasing their level of engagement and learning outcomes. In addition, the application of AI in learning also enables more precise and accurate data collection on student progress, as well as accelerating and simplifying the evaluation process. This research reveals how artificial intelligence opens up new opportunities to create a more inclusive and high-quality education ecosystem, and provides an overview of the challenges and opportunities associated with the application of this technology at various levels of education. It is hoped that the findings from this research can contribute to the development of more effective technology-based education policies and teaching strategies in the future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yanti Yusman, Ika Devi Perwitasari; Leonardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of Cellular Automata and Fisher Yates Methods on Map Generators in Building Games Using Unity 3D Game Engine 2021
The increasing demand for dynamic and replayable game experiences has led to the widespread adoption of procedural content generation, particularly in creating non-repetitive and immersive game environments. This research presents the implementation of Cellular Automata and the Fisher-Yates Shuffle algorithm to develop an efficient and adaptive map generator system within a game built using the Unity 3D Game Engine. Cellular Automata is utilized to generate natural-looking map structures, such as cave-like or maze-like formations, through a grid-based simulation that evolves over multiple iterations based on the states of neighboring cells. This method enables the generation of unique and organic map layouts for each game session. To address potential issues such as disconnected areas and unfair object placement, the Fisher-Yates Shuffle algorithm is applied to randomly distribute key gameplay elements—including player spawn points, enemies, and items—across valid and accessible map regions in an unbiased manner. The system was tested under various parameter configurations to evaluate map quality, connectivity, and computational performance. The results demonstrate that the combination of Cellular Automata and Fisher-Yates Shuffle can effectively generate varied, functional, and aesthetically pleasing maps with high performance and consistency. Furthermore, Unity 3D proved to be a suitable platform for integrating the procedural generation system with other game components such as AI navigation and resource management. This study concludes that integrating Cellular Automata with Fisher-Yates Shuffle offers a robust solution for creating adaptive procedural map generators that enhance gameplay diversity, reduce manual level design time, and improve overall player engagement
Copyright (c) 2025 Leni Marlina, Obi Yasil Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role Of Satisfaction In Mediating The Effect Of Service QualityOn Taxpayer Loyalty At The Lubuk Pakam Primary Tax Service Office
This study aims to analyze the role of taxpayer satisfaction in mediating the effect of service quality on taxpayer loyalty at the Lubuk Pakam Tax Office (KPP). Tax is a major source of state revenue, so efforts to increase taxpayer satisfaction and loyalty are important aspects in strengthening voluntary compliance. Good service quality is believed to be able to build satisfaction and foster taxpayer loyalty to the tax institution. The research method used is quantitative with a Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. The research population consists of 1,265 registered taxpayers in Bakaran Batu Village, Lubuk Pakam District, with a sample of 93 respondents obtained using the Slovin formula. Primary data was collected through questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed using SmartPLS 4 software. The results showed that service quality had a positive and significant effect on taxpayer loyalty. Service quality also has a positive and significant effect on taxpayer satisfaction, and satisfaction has been proven to have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer loyalty. In addition, taxpayer satisfaction has been proven to significantly mediate the effect of service quality on taxpayer loyalty. The coefficient of determination shows that the model is able to explain 88.1% of the variation in taxpayer loyalty, while the rest is influenced by other factors outside the model. In practical terms, the results of this study emphasize the importance of improving the professionalism and competence of tax officials, consistency in service standards, and providing appreciation to compliant taxpayers in order to strengthen loyalty and voluntary compliance within the Lubuk Pakam Tax Office.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmat, Slamet Widodo; Elfitra Desy Surya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Teacher Communication Culture in Forming Students' Disciplined Character at Jabal Rahmah Mulia Plus Middle School (Boarding School)
This study aims to describe the forms of teacher communication culture implemented at SMP Plus Jabal Rahmah Mulia, analyze the strategies teachers use to build effective communication with students, and explain the contribution of teacher communication culture to the development of student discipline. Teacher communication culture plays a crucial role in fostering student discip line, particularly in boarding schools that require intensive supervision and guidance. SMP Plus Jabal Rahmah Mulia, as a boarding school, implements an integrated communication system between teachers, female students (musyrifah), and students, both in the classroom and within the boarding school environment. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques including interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants included the principal, the guidance and counseling teacher who also serves as a female student (musyrifah), and students. Data were analyzed using the Miles & Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this study are expected to provide a general overview of effective teacher communication culture practices in instilling student discipline, particularly in boarding schools. Furthermore, the results of this study are also expected to provide input for schools in optimizing teacher communication patterns for better student character development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cut Luthfia, Abdi Syahrial Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Employee Retention in Strengthening Leadership and Performance Relationships in the Port Industry
The port industry has a strategic role in supporting national logistics and trade activities, so that employee performance is the main factor in ensuring operational efficiency and sustainability. However, the high rate of labor turnover in this sector often hinders the stability of organizational performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership on employee performance and the role of employee retention in strengthening these relationships within PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional I Dumai Branch. The research uses an explanatory quantitative approach with a survey method. Data is collected through a Likert scale questionnaire, then data processing is carried out with SmartPLS to test the measurement model (outer model) and structural model (inner model). The results of the study show that leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and retention, which means that the better the leadership style, the higher the performance and retention rate of employees. However, employee retention has no significant effect on performance, which indicates that the length of time employees stay with the company does not necessarily have an impact on their performance improvement. The R-Square value shows that the leadership variable is able to explain 66.2% of the variation in employee retention and 21% variation in performance. These findings confirm the importance of effective leadership roles in creating a productive work environment and employee loyalty at PT Pelindo Regional I Dumai Branch.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Aulia Arsyad, M. Chaerul Rizky; Kiki Farida Ferine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Trust in Mediating The Effect of Service Innovation on Satisfaction at The Medan City Population and Civil Registration Office
The development of information and communication technology has driven significant transformation in the delivery of public services, including at the Medan City Population and Civil Registration Office. This study aims to analyze the effect of service innovation on public satisfaction with trust as an intervening variable. A quantitative approach was used with a survey method involving 98 respondents who were users of the Population and Civil Registration Office services, both in person and online. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares (PLS) through the SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results show that service innovation has a positive but insignificant effect on public satisfaction (t = 1.394; p = 0.164), a positive and significant effect on trust (t = 7.290; p = 0.000), and trust has a positive and significant effect on public satisfaction (t = 3.965; p = 0.000). In addition, service innovation had a positive and significant effect on satisfaction through trust as an intervening variable (t = 3.220; p = 0.001). The construct reliability value was above 0.70, and all indicators met the convergent validity criteria with a factor loading value ≥ 0.60. These findings indicate that increasing public trust is a key factor in strengthening the influence of service innovation on public satisfaction. Thus, the strategy for developing digital-based public services at the Medan City Disdukcapil needs to focus not only on technological innovation but also on building public trust through transparency, data security, and consistency of service.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lusianna Banurea, Mesra B; Elfitra Desy Surya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Satisfaction in Mediating The Influence of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty at PT. Katiga Ritel Strengindo
This study aims to analyze the role of satisfaction in mediating the effect of service quality on customer loyalty at K3 Mart in Medan. In an increasingly competitive retail industry, good service quality is expected to increase customer satisfaction, which in turn will contribute to customer loyalty. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method of 200 K3 Mart customers, which were taken using purposive sampling techniques. The results show that service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, which in turn has a positive effect on customer loyalty. Furthermore, customer satisfaction was found to mediate the effect of service quality on customer loyalty at K3 Mart. The structural model tested using Partial Least Squares (PLS) shows that service quality has a significant direct effect on customer loyalty through satisfaction. These findings support the hypothesis that customer satisfaction is not only influenced by service quality but also acts as an important mediating variable. Based on these results, K3 Mart is advised to improve service quality, such as cleanliness, comfort, and speed of service, as well as add product value to ensure customer satisfaction and encourage higher loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jhony, Mesra B; Muhammad Dharma Tuah Putra Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Strategies to Improve Employee Performance through Employee Voice Empowerment and Work Motivation PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 1 Dumai
Employee performance is a crucial factor that determines the success of the organization in achieving its goals, including at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 1 Dumai as a state-owned company engaged in port services. This study aims to analyze strategies to improve employee performance through empowering employee voice and work motivation at PT Pelindo Regional 1 Dumai. The research method used is a quantitative approach with the type of associative research. The population of this study is all employees of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 1 Dumai with a sample of 35 respondents. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of the SPSS version 29 program. The results of the study show that partially, employee voice has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Similarly, work motivation also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, both variables have a significant influence on employee performance. A determination coefficient value (R²) of 0.520 indicates that 52% of employee performance variations can be explained by employee voice and work motivation, while the remaining 48% are influenced by other variables outside the model. The results of this study confirm that increasing employee participation in organizational communication and strengthening work motivation is an effective strategy to improve employee performance within PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 1 Dumai.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ikazurry Mutia, M. Chaerul Rizky; Sri Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Analysis of Differences in Court Decisions in Narcotics Crimes
The difference in court decisions in narcotics crimes creates legal uncertainty and raises questions about the principle of justice. The phenomenon of differences in verdicts arises due to differences in the judge's interpretation of legal facts, evidence, and considerations regarding the elements of the criminal act charged. In practice, cases with similar characteristics often have different verdicts, both in terms of the length of the prison sentence, the type of additional penalty, and the juridical considerations used. This has an impact on decreasing public trust in the consistency of the criminal justice system. The research method used is a normative juridical approach by examining related laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The results of the analysis show that differences in judges' decisions in narcotics cases can be caused by internal factors, such as judge independence and subjective considerations, as well as external factors, such as social pressure, disparities in law enforcement, and the absence of uniform penal guidelines. Juridically, this difference raises debates about the principle of legal certainty and the principle of justice, where inconsistent decisions have the potential to violate the principle of equality before the law. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen criminal guidelines and consistency of legal interpretation in order to create a fairer, more balanced, and in accordance with legal objectives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eri Siswanto, Abdul Rahman Maulana Siregar; Mhd. Azhali Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Juridical Analysis of the Legal Consequences of Fraud in the Sale and Purchase of Uncertified Land
Land that does not have a certificate often raises legal problems because there is no authentic evidence that guarantees the certainty of ownership rights. This opens up space for fraud to occur in the form of double buying and selling, falsification of documents, or unilateral recognition of ownership. The research method used is a normative juridical approach by examining applicable laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and related court decisions. The results of the study show that the legal consequences of fraud in the sale and purchase of uncertified land not only cause material losses to victims, but also have an impact on legal certainty and public order. The perpetrator can be subject to criminal sanctions according to the provisions of Article 378 of the Criminal Code regarding fraud, while from a civil law perspective, the transaction can be canceled for the sake of the law and incur an obligation to compensate. Thus, strengthening regulations and public legal awareness regarding the importance of land certificates is a preventive step to minimize fraud in the sale and purchase of land.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eddy, Abdul Rahman Maulana Siregar; Suci Ramadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Hang Tuah, an Applied Administrative Figure in The History of the Indonesian Archipelago
This study aims to interpret the role of Hang Tuah as a maritime administrator who applied a practical administrative system within the governance structure of the fifteenth-century Malacca Sultanate. Using an applied anthropological approach, the study examines Hang Tuah’s behavior, values, and administrative practices within the socio-cultural context of the Malay maritime world. Data were collected through historical literature analysis of classical manuscripts such as Sulalatus Salatin and The Malacca Maritime Code, combined with interpretative analysis of Hang Tuah’s administrative conduct in royal governance. The results reveal that Hang Tuah was not only a naval commander but also an administrative reformer who institutionalized meritocracy, bureaucratic discipline, and maritime economic redistribution based on justice. These findings indicate that the Malacca Sultanate had developed a governance system adaptive to cross-cultural trade dynamics. In conclusion, Hang Tuah emerges as a figure of applied administration who bridges Malay ethical leadership values with modern principles of public administration. The implication of this study suggests the need to reinterpret historical Nusantara figures through the lens of contemporary administrative science to enrich models of maritime governance in Southeast Asia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yanhar Jamaluddin; Syafrial Pasha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Management in Improving Teacher Competence and Spirituality at SD Rahmat Islamiyah Medan
This study aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) management in improving teachers’ spiritual competence at SD Rahmat Islamiyah Medan. Teacher spiritual competence is an essential aspect of forming role models, professionalism, and the quality of Islamic education. This research employed a qualitative method using observation, interviews, and documentation for data collection. The results indicate that PAI management at SD Rahmat Islamiyah Medan has been implemented comprehensively, including learning planning that emphasizes the integration of religious values, instructional delivery based on role modeling, and evaluation that focuses not only on cognitive aspects but also on teacher attitudes and spirituality. The implication of this integrated PAI management implementation is the increase in worship awareness, moral integrity, and the reinforcement of the teacher's role as a spiritual role model within the school environment. It can be concluded that structured PAI management focused on role modeling is highly effective in enhancing teachers' spiritual competence and professionalism, which ultimately positively impacts the overall quality of education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Afandi, Danny Abrianto; Tumiran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of Voluntary (Sunnah) Fasting on Nutritional Status and Eating Patterns among Adolescent: A Literature Review
This literature review explores the impact of voluntary (Sunnah) fasting on nutritional status and eating patterns among adolescents. The objective of this study is to synthesize scientific evidence related to the physiological, nutritional, and behavioral implications of Sunnah fasting within adolescent populations. The review collected data from international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, covering articles from 2020 to 2025. Findings indicate that Sunnah fasting contributes to better weight management, improved lipid and glucose metabolism, and enhanced self-regulation among adolescents. However, challenges related to nutritional adequacy and hydration persist during fasting periods. The review concludes that Sunnah fasting has potential as a culturally rooted health-promoting behavior for adolescents, provided it is accompanied by proper nutritional guidance and parental support. Future research should emphasize longitudinal designs to examine long-term impacts on adolescent health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Laras Sitoayu, Dian Puspita Sari; Lintang Purawara Dewanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Competency in Strengthening the Impact of Training on the Performance Appraisal of Non-Civil Servants at the Medan Baru District Office
This study analyzes the role of competence in strengthening the influence of training on the performance appraisal of non-civil servant employees at the Medan Baru Subdistrict Office. A quantitative approach was used through a cross-sectional survey with a Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability; data analysis was performed using SEM-PLS to test the direct influence and moderating effect. The results show that training has a positive and significant effect on the performance appraisal of non-civil servants, and competency also has a positive effect on performance. Furthermore, the findings show a significant training × competency interaction, indicating that employees with higher competency levels are able to transfer training outcomes to their work more effectively, thereby strengthening the impact of training on performance. The managerial implication is that organizations need to align training design with job competency maps, provide post-training support (coaching/mentoring), and integrate performance indicators with training learning outcomes so that competency improvements are reflected in performance evaluations. Theoretically, this study enriches the public sector performance management literature by confirming competency as a moderator variable in the training–performance relationship in the context of subdistrict-level government, while also providing a basis for formulating more targeted upskilling–reskilling strategies for non-civil servant employees.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reni Sihombing, M. Chaerul Rizky; Kiki Farida Ferine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Juridical Analysis of Online Fraud Crimes and Various Forms of Fraud on Social Media
Online fraud through social media is a form of cybercrime that is growing rapidly along with advances in communication and information technology. This phenomenon not only causes significant material losses but also impacts public trust in the use of social media. This research method uses normative legal research by analyzing legal documents, legal principles, and literature studies. The results indicate that although relevant laws and regulations are sufficient, challenges remain in their implementation and enforcement due to technological dynamics and limited digital evidence. Thus, it is hoped that legal protection for victims of online fraud on social media can be maximized and encourage the creation of a safe and trustworthy digital ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zeno Eronu Zalukhu, Suci Ramadani; Ismaidar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Social Media in Mediating The Influence of Education on Tax Payment Decisions at The Lubuk Pakam Tax Office
This study aims to analyze the role of social media as a mediating variable in the influence of education on tax payment decisions among taxpayers registered at the Lubuk Pakam Tax Office. A quantitative approach was used with a causal associative design. Primary data were collected from July to October 2025 from 100 respondents (determined using the Slovin formula) and processed using PLS-SEM (SmartPLS). The outer model testing results showed that all indicators were valid (outer loadings ≥ 0.70) and reliable (Cronbach's Alpha 0.923–0.964; Composite Reliability 0.937–0.969; AVE 0.653–0.758). The model had high explanatory power (R² social media = 0.791; R² decision to pay = 0.837). In the inner model, education had a positive and significant effect on the decision to pay (β = 0.350; t = 3.646; p < 0.001) and on social media (β = 0.889; t = 30.446; p < 0.001); social media also has a positive and significant effect on payment decisions (β = 0.589; t = 6.488; p < 0.001). The indirect effect of education on payment decisions through social media is significant (β = 0.524; t = 6.423; p < 0.001), confirming social media as a strong mediator. These findings imply that tax education strategies will be more effective if orchestrated through credible, accessible, interactive social media channels, coupled with specific calls to action toward payment execution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitri Heldaliani, Nurafrina Siregar; Erwansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Service In Mediating The Influence of Price on Digital Alliance Purchase Decisions at PT Agres Medan Teknologi
This study aims to analyze the effect of price on consumer purchasing decisions, with service quality as an intervening variable, on Digital Alliance products at PT Agres Medan Teknologi. Rapid developments in information and communication technology have changed marketing patterns and consumer behavior, particularly in the computer hardware industry, which is growing rapidly in the gaming and high productivity sectors. PT Agres Medan Teknologi, as a distributor of Digital Alliance products in Medan, faces challenges in maintaining and increasing consumer purchasing decisions despite competitive product prices and reliable performance. This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data collection through a survey of 180 consumers. The results of the analysis show that price has a significant effect on purchasing decisions, both directly and through service quality, which functions as a mediating variable. This study also found that good service quality can strengthen the influence of price on purchasing decisions. Based on these findings, it is recommended that PT Agres Medan Teknologi better tailor its products to consumer needs and improve service quality to maximize purchasing decisions. This study provides important insights for companies in designing more effective marketing strategies, with a focus on competitive pricing and optimal service.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dini Irhamna, Slamet Widodo; Husni Muharram Ritonga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Application of Sustainable Architecture Principles in Simple House Design in Klambir Lima Village
The application of sustainable architecture principlesto simple houses is important in maintaininga balance between the housing needs of the community and environmental sustainability.This study aims to analyze the application of sustainable architecture principlesin the design of simple houses in Klambir Lima Village, Deli Serdang Regency.The research method used is a qualitative approach with field observations, community interviews, and visual documentation of simple housesthat have been built. The results of the study show that most of the community has indirectly applied sustainability principles, such as the use of local materials, natural cross ventilation, and simple rainwater management systems. However, more targeted education and design guidance are still needed so that sustainable architecture principles can beoptimally applied in a rural context.
Copyright (c) 2025 Melly Andriana, Dara Wisdianti; Fariz Harindra Syam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Reimagining Accounting and Auditing Through AI, Blockchain, and Ethical Governance: a Systematic Literature Review
This study aims to examine the digital transformation of accounting and auditing through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and technological ethics. The research focuses on how these innovations reshape accounting practices, public auditing, and professional governance in the era of automation and intelligent systems.The study employs a systematic literature review approach by analyzing nine international peer-reviewed articles published between 2024 and 2025 in leading journals such as Emerald Publishing and Elsevier. The selected papers were categorized into three thematic areas: (1) the adoption of AI and intelligent automation in accounting; (2) the implementation of blockchain for auditing and public accountability; and (3) ethical, security, and competency challenges within digital professions. The analysis synthesizes key findings, identifies research gaps, and explores emerging conceptual directions.The findings reveal that the adoption of AI and blockchain enhances efficiency, transparency, and accuracy in financial reporting, while simultaneously introducing challenges related to algorithmic bias, data protection, and professional integrity. The digital maturity model and blockchain-based audit framework emerge as potential solutions to strengthen accountability and reliability in financial systems.In conclusion, the future of accounting and auditing depends on the profession’s ability to integrate advanced technologies while upholding ethical principles and public trust. The study implies the necessity for developing digital competencies, adaptive ethical frameworks for AI, and interdisciplinary regulations to ensure sustainable and responsible accounting practices in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wan Fachruddin, Nur Aliah; Kartika Sari, Olivia Deslobita Ginting https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integration of Spirituality in I‘Tikaf: a Strategy for Preventing Juvenile Delinquency in Urban Areas
The phenomenon of juvenile delinquency in urban areas continues to rise along with rapid urbanization, digital lifestyle, and the weakening of social control. The urban environment, which tends to be materialistic and spiritually disconnected, contributes to the moral degradation among adolescents. This study aims to analyze the integration of spirituality within the practice of i‘tikaf as a preventive strategy against juvenile delinquency in urban settings.This research employed a qualitative phenomenological approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that i‘tikaf fosters self-awareness, self-control, and moral responsibility among adolescents. Spiritual values such as muhasabah (self-reflection), tawakkal (trust in God), and mujahadah (spiritual struggle) play a significant role in reducing deviant behaviors.Hence, the integration of spirituality through i‘tikaf can serve as both a preventive and rehabilitative strategy for character development among urban youth. This study provides a conceptual framework for educational institutions, Islamic boarding schools, and spiritual communities to design youth development programs grounded in spiritual principles.
Copyright (c) 2025 syarifuddin, Abdi Syahrial; Ilham Syukur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Organizational Culture Transformation and Generation Z Empowerment Strategy in Supporting the Implementation of the Blue Economy
The blue economy is a paradigm of sustainable economic development that makes optimal use of marine resources while preserving the maritime ecosystem. Indonesia, as the largest archipelagic country in the world with a coastline of 81,000 km, has a huge blue economy potential but has not been fully utilized. The study used a mixed methods approach with an embedded multiple case study design, involving 370 respondents through purposive sampling and snowball sampling, then analyzed using thematic analysis and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that the model had adequate predictive capabilities with an R-Square value of 0.616, which means that 61.6% of the Blue Economy variation could be explained by independent variables in the model. The hypothesis test confirmed that Gen-Z Empowerment had a positive and significant effect on the Blue Economy, while Organizational Culture also had a positive and significant effect. The F-Square value shows that Gen-Z Empowerment has more dominant influence (0.531) than Organizational Culture (0.369), even though both belong to the major influence category. The findings identify that the transformation of coastal community organizational culture requires a gradual approach through the process of unfreezing-changing-refreezing, while the empowerment of Generation Z is most effective through individual empowerment, organizational empowerment, and community empowerment strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Chaerul Rizkyy, Yohny Anwar; Noni Ardian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Neuroscience-Based Pre-Crime Deradicalization Model: A Legal Approach and Preventive Policy in Indonesia
This study develops a neuroscience-based pre-crime deradicalization model as a preventive legal and policy approach in Indonesia. The problem is the expansion of criminalization to the pre-crime stage without an objective operational protocol for referring exposed subjects to voluntary services. A normative juridical approach is combined with neuroscience studies of inhibitory control through go-no-go and stop-signal tasks measured using portable EEG. Neurocognitive indicators are positioned to support a multi-layered assessment that includes clinical interviews, psychometrics, and social observation. The model emphasizes the principle of proportionality, separation of service domains from law enforcement, informed consent, neuroprivacy, and data quality standards and retesting. The study's findings suggest that policy precedents in drug rehabilitation regimes can be adapted for pre-crime deradicalization to minimize the substantive justice gap. The proposed operational design includes a voluntary, community-based referral pathway, a multi-layered assessment with non-deterministic neurocognitive indicators, a recovery intervention package emphasizing executive function strengthening and values ​​counseling, and periodic evaluations. This integration provides a more measurable, evidentiary basis for service decisions without compromising human rights and freedom of thought. In conclusion, an ethical and accountable neuroscience-based pre-crime deradicalization model can complement law enforcement, strengthen prevention at the earliest stages, and enhance the effectiveness of public policy.
Copyright (c) 2025 T. Riza Zarzani, Rahmayanti; M Ammar Al Ghifari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Unqualified Opinions and Integrity Flaws: A Systematic Examination of Fraud Patterns and Investigative Approaches
An Unqualified Audit Opinions are widely regarded as indicators of transparency and sound financial management in the public sector. However, numerous corruption cases involving local governments that previously received unqualified opinions suggest a disconnect between audit status and actual integrity. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA protocol to examine the relationship between unqualified audit opinions, the types of fraud committed in local government financial management, and the investigative techniques used to uncover them. A total of 52 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024 were analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that unqualified opinions tend to reflect administrative compliance rather than substantive financial integrity. Fraud schemes such as capital expenditure mark-ups, fictitious procurement, and grant misappropriation were commonly reported in regions with unqualified audit status. Investigative techniques including forensic accounting, e-procurement monitoring, whistleblowing systems, and data analytics have proven more effective in detecting fraud than conventional audits. The study concludes that unqualified audit opinions should not be used in isolation as indicators of clean governance. Instead, an integrated audit framework, combining financial, performance, and investigative audits, is needed to enhance fraud detection and accountability in the public sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Irsan Nasution, Mutia Riska Faridani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integrating Islamic Values into Maternal Nutrition Education: A Framework for Strengthening Family Health in Muslim Societies
Maternal and child nutrition plays a crucial role in strengthening the health and resilience of Muslim families. However, existing maternal nutrition education programs often lack cultural and religious contextualization aligned with Islamic teachings. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework for integrating Islamic values into maternal nutrition education as a means to enhance family health in Muslim societies. Using a narrative review approach, the paper synthesizes evidence from Islamic education principles, public health nutrition, and behavioral change models such as the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory. The proposed framework is built upon three interrelated pillars: (1) Faith-based Nutrition Literacy, promoting the application of Qur’anic and Prophetic guidance in daily food choices; (2) Family-Centered Health Promotion, emphasizing shared responsibility and the mother’s role as a health educator within the family; and (3) Community Support and Digital Empowerment, utilizing Islamic institutions and technology for sustained learning. This integration of Islamic principles and modern nutrition science provides a culturally grounded approach to enhance health literacy and family well-being, aligning with the broader goal of Islamic human capacity development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lintang Purwara Dewanti, Laras Sitoayu; Noni Agustina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development of Composite-Based Liquid Smoke Pesticides for Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Pest Control
This paper presents a community service initiative aimed at educating local communities about the use of botanical pesticides derived from composite wood-leaf materials. The study details the development of composite-based liquid smoke pesticides, which involves stages such as raw material collection (e.g., bark, leaves, and twigs), material refinement, pesticide production by mixing composites with solvents, and testing its effectiveness on plant pests. The initiative, conducted at SMK Panca Budi Medan, incorporated lectures, hands-on training, and evaluations with 20 students. The effectiveness of the program was measured based on the participants' understanding of using composite-based liquid smoke as an environmentally friendly and effective pest control solution. The results highlight the potential of composite-based liquid smoke as a viable, eco-friendly pest control method with low environmental impact.
Copyright (c) 2025 Desi Sri Pasca Sari Sembiring, Andi Setiawan; Najla Lubis, Rozyanty Rahman, Dwi Hayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Socialization of Application-Based Accounting Information System (AIS) Audit through HUI Post to Enhance the Financial Reporting Quality of MSMEs in Kota Pari Tourist Village
This community service activity aims to improve the understanding and skills of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Kota Pari Tourist Village in preparing high-quality financial reports through an application-based Accounting Information System (AIS) audit using Hui Pos. Many MSMEs in this area still perform manual record-keeping or do not record their transactions at all, resulting in inaccurate, incomplete, and unauditable financial reports. By utilizing the Hui Pos application, which is simple and easy to use, MSME participants are guided to understand the AIS workflow, the importance of internal audits, and how to manage transactions digitally. The implementation methods include counseling, hands-on training on application usage, and pre- and post-activity evaluations. The results show a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of financial record-keeping and their ability to use the application to prepare more systematic, accurate, and accountable financial reports. Overall, the activity demonstrates that MSME actors in Kota Pari Tourist Village have improved their understanding of preparing quality financial reports through the Hui Pos-based AIS audit. It is also expected that this program will enhance tax literacy and encourage voluntary compliance in the future
Copyright (c) 2025 Noviani, Junawan; Rangga Lawe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploration Of Techniques For Converting Color Images To Gryschale Through The Implementation Of The Luminosity Method For Digital Image Processing
This research explores the conversion of colored images to grayscale through the implementation of the Luminosity method in digital image processing. While color images offer rich information, they often require conversion to grayscale for specific applications like edge detection, object recognition, and medical imaging, which demand simpler data without compromising the effectiveness of the analysis. Grayscale images help in reducing data complexity and allow for faster processing. The Luminosity method, widely used for this conversion, adjusts the red, green, and blue channels based on the perceived light intensity by humans, with each channel contributing differently to the overall luminosity. Green, for instance, is given more weight due to the human eye's greater sensitivity to this color. However, despite its widespread use, this method does not always yield optimal results, as image characteristics like high contrast, bright colors, and quality may affect the outcome. This study aims to evaluate the quality of grayscale images generated through the Luminosity method, focusing on the accuracy of light intensity representation and the visual appeal of the resulting images. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the use of the Luminosity method and contribute to the development of more efficient image processing techniques applicable in fields such as medical imaging, satellite analysis, and object detection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nadya Andhika Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of Risk-Based Audit to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Corporate Sustainability Programs: Indonesian Manufacturing Case
Companies' commitment to corporate sustainability is increasing, but the effectiveness of their program implementation needs to be evaluated objectively. This study aims to analyze how risk-based auditing can be applied to evaluate the effectiveness of corporate sustainability programs in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach. Data were obtained from an analysis of scientific journals, books, company annual reports, and relevant international auditing standards such as ISO 14000, ISO 26000, and COSO ERM. The results show that risk-based auditing provides a systematic framework for identifying, assessing, and prioritizing sustainability risks—environmental, social, and governance (ESG)—that can hinder the achievement of sustainability goals. Its application allows auditors to focus on high-risk areas, resulting in more efficient and in-depth evaluations. An implicit case study of an Indonesian manufacturing company reveals that integrating ESG principles into the traditional risk audit process can uncover gaps between declarative commitments and operational implementation. The conclusion of this study is that risk-based auditing is an effective and powerful tool for evaluating and improving the quality of corporate sustainability programs . The implication is that manufacturing companies are encouraged to adopt this approach to ensure that their sustainability investments are not merely cosmetic, but have a real and sustainable impact.
Copyright (c) 2025 Meigia Nidya Sari, Mustafa; Meiman Kristian Putra Gulo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design of 220 V AC Dimmer Circuit for Motor Speed Control
This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of an AC dimmer circuit for controlling the speed of a single-phase AC motor operating on 220 V rms, 50 Hz supply. The dimmer is based on phase-angle control using a TRIAC (BT136) and DIAC (DB3) trigger circuit with an RC timing network and a potentiometer for user adjustment. The design goals were smooth speed variation, electrical safety, and minimal harmonic distortion within practical budget constraints. Experimental results show that the circuit allows speed control from approximately 30% to 100% of rated speed with acceptable torque for light-load conditions. Voltage waveform measurements confirm phase-cut behavior; power efficiency under tested loads averaged ~86–89%. Recommendations for improved performance include snubber optimization, EMI filtering, and implementing closed-loop control with microcontroller-based phase-angle firing for better torque regulation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Geo Fernando Sitepu, Muhammad Erpandi Dalimunthe; Haris Gunawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect Of Mobile Banking And E-Wallets on Transaction Efficiency in The Supply Chain of Msmes in Sei Semayang Village
Perkembangan layanan keuangan digital seperti mobile banking dan e-wallet memberikan peluang bagi UMKM untuk meningkatkan efisiensi transaksi dalam aktivitas rantai pasok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan mobile banking dan e-wallet terhadap efisiensi transaksi UMKM di Desa Sei Semayang. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 120 pelaku UMKM yang aktif dalam aktivitas produksi dan distribusi. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mobile banking dan e-wallet berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecepatan transaksi, pengurangan biaya transaksi, dan kelancaran arus informasi dalam rantai pasok UMKM. Kesimpulannya, penerapan layanan keuangan digital dapat menjadi pendorong utama peningkatan efisiensi rantai pasok UMKM di desa tersebut.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maya Syaula; Siswa Pratama, Dinda Ayu Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Increasing Public Legal Awareness of Corruption in Hamparan Perak District Klambir Lima Kebun Village
Corruption is one of the problems that still threatens social and economic stability in Indonesia. People who do not fully understand the adverse effects of corrupt acts have the potential to perpetuate this practice. This research aims to increase public legal awareness of corruption crimes in Hamparan Perak District, Klambir Lima Kebun Village. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The results show that the level of public legal knowledge about corruption is still low, which leads to a lack of awareness to report and prevent such practices. Therefore, efforts to increase legal awareness need to be carried out through legal counseling involving various parties, both the government, educational institutions, and the community itself. With the increase in legal awareness, it is hoped that the community can be more active in preventing and eradicating corruption crimes in their surrounding environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmayanti, Suci Ramadani; Nia Agustri Lase https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Implementation of Coretax in the Indonesian Tax Administration System: Advantages and Disadvantages in the Context of Improving Tax Service Quality
This study examines the implementation of the Coretax system in Indonesia and its impact on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), focusing on its advantages, challenges, and the moderating factors that affect successful adoption. Through a systematic literature review (SLR), the study synthesizes findings from various sources, addressing three primary research questions: (1) What are the advantages and challenges of implementing Coretax for SMEs? (2) How does its implementation affect service quality and tax compliance? (3) What factors moderate the success of Coretax implementation, including digital tax literacy, infrastructure, usability, policy support, and organizational readiness? The results indicate that Coretax significantly enhances taxpayer compliance and service quality by providing efficient tax filing processes, real-time tracking, and automatic reminders. However, challenges such as digital literacy, technology infrastructure, and understanding of digital tax policies remain barriers to full adoption. Key moderating factors include digital literacy, usability of the system, government support, and SMEs' organizational readiness. The study suggests that improving training programs, access to technology, and public awareness is essential for the broader and more effective implementation of Coretax across SMEs in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Junawan, Noviani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design of a Power Plant Using Recycled Goods as Alternative Household Electricity
One way to overcome the current shortage of electrical energy is to develop a good and environmentally friendly alternative power generator for household consumption. This research is to design a power generator by utilizing recycled goods as alternative household electricity. utilization of recycled goods in the form of a dynamo (DC generator) from a toy car and a swing motor that is no longer used which can produce electrical energy by rotating the generator through a toy dynamo. Utilizing the function of the generator is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. From the results of the analysis of the difference in load carried out using 2, 7, 10, 12 and 14 Watt lamps, the lowest voltage produced is 103 Volts at a speed of 2872.3 rpm in a 14 Watt lamp, and the highest voltage produced is 186 Volts at a speed of 3654.1 rpm in a 2 Watt lamp load. Based on the analysis of load differences using 2, 7, 10, 12, and 14-watt lamps, the lowest current produced was 0.01 A at 2872.3 rpm for the 14-watt lamp, and the highest current produced was 0.04 A at 3613.4 rpm for the 12-watt lamp. The generator, operated at no load at 4476.6 rpm, produced a voltage of 237.6 volts and a current of 0.05 A.
Copyright (c) 2025 Haris Gunawan, Zuraidah Tharo; Dino Erivianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Optimizing the Performance Of MSME Actors Through Creativity
This study aims to analyze the influence of competence and innovation on the performance of micro-enterprise actors, with creativity as an intervening variable, in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research applies a quantitative approach with a causal associative design. The population consists of 83 active micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) actors in the village, all of whom were selected as the sample using a saturated sampling technique, so the entire population was studied. Primary data were collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from official village documents, reports from the Office of Cooperatives and MSMEs, and relevant literature. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The results show that (1) competence has a positive and significant effect on MSME performance, (2) innovation has a positive and significant effect on performance, (3) competence positively and significantly affects creativity, (4) innovation positively and significantly affects creativity, and (5) creativity positively and significantly affects performance. Moreover, creativity partially mediates the influence of competence and innovation on MSME performance. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing competence and innovation as key factors in improving performance, with creativity serving as an additional driver that strengthens the success of micro-enterprise development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kiki Farida Ferine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Urgency of Regulating Asset Confiscation Without Conviction for Effective Corruption Eradication
This study examines the urgency of establishing legal regulations regarding non-conviction-based asset forfeiture, or the confiscation of assets without conviction, in the Indonesian legal system. This mechanism is seen as a step towards reforming economic criminal law to address the weaknesses of the system, which has so far focused solely on punishing perpetrators. Many corruption cases are not followed by the restitution of state losses because the assets obtained from the crime have been hidden, diverted, or are no longer accessible through conventional criminal mechanisms. This study aims to examine the philosophical, juridical, and sociological foundations of this concept and formulate an ideal design that aligns with the principles of the rule of law and the Indonesian constitution. The research approach used is a juridical normative one, with a review of various laws and regulations, policy documents, and comparative practices from other countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and Singapore. The analysis shows that the basis for implementing asset confiscation without conviction has international legitimacy through the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), which Indonesia ratified through Law Number 7 of 2006. At the national level, the draft law on Asset Forfeiture, which has been included in the National Legislation Program, is an important momentum to close the legal vacuum in recovering assets resulting from criminal acts. This study concludes that regulating asset confiscation without conviction is crucial for increasing the effectiveness of corruption eradication while strengthening social justice. With strict judicial oversight, proportional standards of proof, and protection for parties acting in good faith, this mechanism does not conflict with human rights. Instead, this policy emphasizes the role of law as a means of restoring state finances and public welfare, while also embodying Indonesia's commitment to the principles of good governance and clean governance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ismaidar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Enhancing Early Childhood Teachers’ Pedagogical Competence Through Lesson Study Based Training at TK Nurul Qur’an Stabat
This community service program aims to enhance the pedagogical competence of early childhood education teachers at TK Nurul Qur'an Stabat through Lesson Study based training. The method consisted of four main stages: preparation, training, implementation through open class sessions, and collaborative reflection. The training emphasized strengthening teachers' understanding of Lesson Study, developing innovative daily lesson plans (RPPH), creating contextual learning media, and conducting collaborative teaching using the plan-do-see cycle. The results show a significant improvement in teachers' ability to design contextual learning activities, implement active and engaging instruction, manage classrooms effectively, utilize varied learning media, and perform systematic professional reflection. The open class implementation demonstrated increased child engagement and more meaningful learning experiences. The program concludes that Lesson Study is an effective approach to fostering a reflective and collaborative culture among early childrood teachers. Its implications indicate the potential for this model to be replicated in other early childhood institutions to support sustainable improvements in teaching quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asmidar Parapat, Sofni Indah Arifa Lubis; Mei Sarah Hutagalung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Innovation In Transformational Leadership in Building Madrasah Culture and Strengthening Islamic Character in the Digital Age: A Case Study of Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Islamiyah Sunggal, Medan
In this rapidly developing digital age, madrasahs face the enormous challenge of preserving Islamic culture while adopting technology to improve the quality of education. Transformational leadership is key to meeting this challenge. Madrasah principals not only serve as administrative leaders, but also as visionary agents of change. Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Islamiyah Sunggal (MAS Islamiyah Sunggal) in Medan is an interesting example to analyze in this context. Under transformational leadership, this madrasah has successfully integrated technology into learning without compromising the Islamic values that form the basis of their education. The innovations implemented include the formation of an Islamic digital vision, in which all teachers and students are required to master basic digital literacy while continuing to carry out their worship routines and strengthening their Islamic character. The madrasah leadership also implemented a familiarization program that combines technology with spiritual values, such as online learning based on Islamic applications and the development of a digital communication platform that facilitates collaboration between students and teachers. In addition, ongoing training, such as technology workshops for teachers, further strengthens digital understanding and Islamic character. Through this approach, MAS Islamiyah Sunggal has succeeded in creating a madrasah culture that is more innovative and adaptive to the times. Students' Islamic character is further strengthened through a balanced learning approach between religion and technology. Despite challenges such as infrastructure limitations and resistance to change, this transformational leadership innovation has proven effective in strengthening Islamic values amid technological advances.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tumiran, Manshuruddin; Bahtiar Siregar, Dinda Mayani Pramudita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Queue Algorithms in Optimizing E-Government Scheduling Systems: Evidence from the JAPIN Case
This study examines the effectiveness of the JAPIN (Jadwal Pimpinan) application, a queue algorithm-based scheduling system designed for the Leadership Administration Bureau of the Regional Secretariat of North Sumatra Province. The objective is to analyze how algorithmic scheduling enhances operational efficiency, accuracy, and coordination in leadership activities. Employing a mixed-method approach, the research integrates descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS with qualitative interviews and observations. Quantitative results indicate high user satisfaction, with a mean score of 21.40 and a standard deviation of 2.011, reflecting consistent positive perceptions of usability, accessibility, and efficiency. Qualitative findings reveal that JAPIN reduces manual workload, prevents scheduling conflicts, and increases transparency in administrative workflows. The queue algorithm’s FIFO and dynamic priority mechanisms ensure fairness and responsiveness in managing the Governor’s agenda. Despite minor challenges such as user adaptation and limited technical resources, JAPIN demonstrates strong potential as a scalable model for digital government transformation. The study provides empirical evidence supporting the use of algorithmic systems to improve scheduling performance and contribute to efficient, transparent e-government practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Amin, Muhammad Hasanuddin; Efriansyah Putra Bahari Barus , Zulfan, Fakhri Rizaldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Role of Public Sector Internal Auditors in Risk Mitigation Fraud in the Public Sector
Fraud in the public sector is a serious problem that can threaten the stability and efficiency of public sector governance. This study aims to analyze the role of public sector internal auditors in mitigating fraud risks. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach, examining 15 relevant journals. The results indicate that public sector internal auditors play a crucial role in detecting and preventing fraud by thoroughly examining internal control weaknesses and utilizing modern technologies such as the Whistleblowing System. The effectiveness of public sector internal audit is supported by strong leadership and a high awareness of fraud risks, as well as appropriate structural reform policies. The study concludes that effective public sector internal audit is crucial in enhancing transparency and accountability and recommends the need for cross-regional comparative analysis to evaluate the diversity of public sector internal audit practices. In addition, further research is needed to explore the impact of information technology and the Whistleblowing System on fraud prevention, as well as the role of leadership and organizational culture in supporting the public sector internal audit function.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tia Novira Sucipto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Problem Faced By Muslim Consumers Regarding The Distribution Of Imported Cosmetics Without Halal Labels (Perspective Of Masail Fiqiyah)
The year 2026 marks the starting point for regulations requiring imported cosmetics to be halal certified. This condition raises various issues, including health risks, consumer protection, and business compliance with halal regulations, especially for imported cosmetics in Indonesia. This certainly poses a challenge for Muslim consumers, the majority of whom are very concerned about the halal status of products. According to Islamic teachings, two things must be considered in the use of products, namely cleanliness and purity. This means that cosmetics must also be clean and pure to be categorized as halal. Cosmetics are generally only for external use, but they are required to have halal certification because if they are contaminated or derived from something that is haram, then the law becomes contrary to the recommendation to use something that is halal. Halal fatwas are issued by authorized religious institutions, such as the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), and then established in the form of certificates through the Halal Product Guarantee Agency (BPJPH). The problems addressed in this study are: How are fiqh principles applied in determining the halal status of products, taking into account raw materials, production processes, and the problems faced by consumers due to the circulation of imported cosmetics that are not halal certified? What are the problems faced by Muslim consumers due to the circulation of imported cosmetics that are not halal certified? This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with an approach based on a literature review of Islamic law, fiqh masail, and analysis of regulatory documents and related data collected through journal reviews, BPOM and BPJPH documents, and current news sources. The analysis was conducted to identify the main issues, policies, impacts, and problems related to halal cosmetics.In terms of fiqh, halal certification is a normative rule created, proposed, and approved by scholars and the government, which in this case can be referred to as ijma', whereby scholars agree that halal certification and labeling in the field of mu'amalah (buying and selling), especially food, must be accompanied by the legality of a halal certificate, which is regulated by the text. In line with the ijma' of scholars in fiqh law regarding qiyas, halal certification does not exist in the Qur'an and was created by humans (Muslims). According to scholars of usul fiqh, qiyas is determining the law of an event or incident that has no basis in the text by comparing it to another event or incident whose law has been determined based on the text because there is a similarity between the two events. Qiyas related to halal certification is in accordance with one of the pillars of qiyas, namely Ashal, which means the basis, which is an event whose law has been determined based on the text. Ashal is also called maqis 'aliah (the measure) or musyabbah bih (the place of comparison), or mahmul'alaih (the place of comparison). Thus, halal certification, which is not mentioned in the Qur'an but is compared and measured by the text “eat what is lawful for you,” can strengthen the legality of the law. can strengthen the legality of the law. Within the framework of fiqh muamalah, the principles of precaution and protecting the interests of the people encourage consumers to avoid products that are highly questionable. Fiqh emphasizes the importance of fulfilling the right to information and avoiding misleading claims in order to avoid al-ittiham bi-zhulm (accusations of negligence/injustice in transactions). The low level of compliance among producers and distributors of imported cosmetics, who have not yet optimally met the latest halal requirements, has resulted in many products that do not meet the standards for imported cosmetics still being freely sold in the market, both through e-commerce and traditional markets.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitri Rafianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Protection of Female Workers/Laborers with Normative Rights in The Labor Law and Its Implementing Regulations in Klambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District
Women workers are part of a vital target in employment development. The protection of women workers is essential to ensure justice and well-being in the workplace. Maintaining harmonious working relationships without pressure from the stronger to the weaker is a fundamental thing that can be achieved through law enforcement, improvement of human rights, and physical, technical, social, and economic protection in accordance with the applicable norms in the work environment for female workers. The research aims to analyze the existence of the Manpower Law and its implementing regulations in providing legal protection for female workers/laborers in Klambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research uses a normative legal approach by examining the provisions of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and its derivative regulations and analyzing its implementation. The results of the study show that normatively, laws and regulations have guaranteed the rights of women workers, including the right to a living wage, work safety, menstrual and maternity leave, and protection from discrimination. However, the implementation of this protection is not optimal due to the low level of understanding of women workers of their rights, weak labor supervision, low education, and a strong patriarchal culture in the work environment. This condition has an impact on the emergence of discrimination, marginalization, and violations of the rights of women workers. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen labor law enforcement, increase public legal awareness, and collaborate between the government, employers, and the community to realize effective and fair protection for women workers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rika Jamin Marbun, Rahmayanti; Cut Ade Irma Handayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Towards Sustainable Financial Well-Being: The Conceptual Role of Brand Authenticity in Linking Islamic Entrepreneurial Orientation and Halal Supply Chain Integration among Halal MSMEs in Medan
In the era of value-based entrepreneurship, the pursuit of financial well-being among Halal micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) extends beyond profit generation it embodies ethical authenticity, spiritual values, and sustainable practices. This conceptual paper explores the role of brand authenticity as a pivotal mechanism linking Islamic Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) and Halal Supply Chain Integration (HSCI) to the sustainable financial well-being of Halal MSMEs in Medan, Indonesia. Grounded in the perspectives of Islamic business ethics and value co-creation, this study proposes that IEO characterized by faith-driven innovation, risk-taking, and proactiveness fosters the development of authentic brands that reflect honesty, integrity, and adherence to Sharia principles. Furthermore, Halal Supply Chain Integration reinforces brand credibility and consumer trust through transparency and compliance, thereby enhancing the perceived authenticity of Halal products. By integrating these constructs, the paper develops a conceptual framework illustrating how brand authenticity mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and financial well-being within the Halal business ecosystem. This framework contributes to theoretical enrichment in Islamic entrepreneurship and Halal management literature while offering practical insights for policymakers and business owners seeking to empower Halal MSMEs toward inclusive and sustainable economic prosperity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erwansyah, M.Yalzamul Insan; Maya Macia Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Complexity Of The Main Character’s Conflicts In The Novel Carry Me Down
Conflicts are an inevitable aspect of human life, often emerging when individuals are unable to make choices that bring satisfactory outcomes. This reality is also reflected in literature, as literary works cannot be separated from the dynamics of society. Conflict becomes an essential element that not only drives the plot forward but also reveals the complexity of human emotions, relationships, and moral struggles. This study examines the internal and external conflicts experienced by the main character in Maria Joan Hyland’s novel Carry Me Down. Internal conflict is understood as the psychological and emotional tension within the protagonist, while external conflict refers to challenges that arise from interactions with family, society, and circumstances beyond personal control. The analysis highlights how these conflicts shape the character’s growth and how they contribute to the overall meaning of the novel.The research applies a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on textual interpretation to identify the forms, causes, and resolutions of conflict in the narrative. The scope of the discussion is limited to conflicts that directly involve the main character in order to provide a more in-depth exploration. Ultimately, the study aims to show how Hyland uses conflict as a powerful device to depict the complexity of human experience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yossy Fadly, Cici Amelia; Ragnar Emilio Fortissyam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Android-Based Augmented Reality Application for Batak Musical Instrument Recognition
Indonesia’s vast archipelago has given rise to a rich diversity of ethnic groups and customs. This diversity is reflected in the country’s many languages and cultural expressions—one of the most distinctive being music. Traditional music is typically performed with instruments that have been used for generations, although in some regions modern instruments are also employed to accompany traditional pieces. In North Sumatra, particularly within Batak Toba culture, several traditional instruments are commonly used to accompany dances and ceremonial events. These instruments are often considered indispensable for customary ceremonies. However, as time passes, public awareness and appreciation of traditional musical instruments have declined. Augmented Reality (AR) is a medium that blends images, video, audio, and text into the real-world environment, allowing users to feel as though they are directly experiencing what they see. The development of AR technology on smartphones can greatly help students learn about Batak Toba musical instruments. This study presents the design of an Android-based AR application for recognizing Batak Toba traditional instruments. The application features three-dimensional visuals that correspond to the actual instruments, concise textual descriptions, audio explanations, and samples of each instrument’s sound. Overall, the “Android-Based Augmented Reality Application for Batak Toba Musical Instrument Recognition” was implemented effectively according to the proposed concept and design. The application was developed using the C# programming language, Unity 3D for application development, Blender for creating 3D objects, and Adobe Photoshop CS3 for logo design. This AR application offers a new and engaging way for students in Indonesia—especially in North Sumatra—to access concise information about Batak musical instruments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rio Septian Hardinata, Taufik Al Fardoh; Zulham Sitorus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Islamic Education in the Family as the Basis of Civil Society: A Philosophical and Empirical Study in Asahan Regency
This study aims to deeply analyze the role of Islamic education in families as a basis for strengthening civil society through a philosophical and empirical approach, using a case study in Asahan Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods. The philosophical study is conducted through an analysis of classical and contemporary literature on the concept of Islamic education and civil society, while the empirical study is carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation in several Muslim families in Asahan Regency. Data are analyzed thematically to find the relationship between Islamic education practices in families and the formation of civil society values ​​such as justice, tolerance, social participation, and collective responsibility. The results show that Islamic education in families in Asahan Regency plays a significant role in shaping the character of individuals who are religious, have noble morals, and have social concerns. Islamic values ​​instilled from an early age through role models, habituation of worship, educational communication, and strengthening a culture of deliberation have been proven to encourage the emergence of individuals who are active in social life and contribute to strengthening civil society. However, the challenges of modernity, digital media, and changes in family interaction patterns are factors that influence the effectiveness of this education. This study concludes that Islamic education in the family serves not only as a means of spiritual and moral development but also as a strategic instrument in building the foundation of civil society. Therefore, strengthening the role of the family in Islamic education needs to be a priority in social and religious policies to create a civilized, inclusive, and competitive society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mhd. Habibu Rahman, Bahtiar Siregar; Alhadi Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Analysis of the Use of Mediation in Handling Domestic Violence Crimes
Mediation as an alternative form of alternative dispute resolution is beginning to be considered in domestic violence (DV) cases, particularly to achieve more restorative justice. However, the application of mediation in DV cases remains controversial due to its potential to conflict with the principles of legality and legal certainty stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence. The research method used is normative legal research, using statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches, to examine the extent to which mediation can be implemented without neglecting the rights of victims. The analysis shows that while mediation can be a means of resolution oriented toward restoring family relationships and social rehabilitation, its implementation must be carried out carefully, taking into account the victim's position to avoid trauma. Mediation is only acceptable for mild forms of DV and based on a voluntary agreement between the parties, with supervision by law enforcement officials. Therefore, the application of mediation in handling DV needs to be supported by regulations and implementation guidelines that guarantee legal protection for victims and balanced justice between perpetrators and victims.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Rahman Maulana Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessing Community Perceptions Of Sustainable Coastal HRM Using NLP Approaches
As one of the largest archipelagos in the world, Indonesia's extensive coastal areas provide both opportunities and challenges for the development of sustainable blue economy initiatives. For effective Human Resource Management (HRM) to be implemented within this context, it is essential that local communities participate actively and benefit equally from the implementation of blue economy initiatives. This research uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) based sentiment analysis to investigate how local communities perceive coastal HRM practices in North Sumatra.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Toyib Daulay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Influence of Work Environment and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT Mandiri Utama Finance Medan Branch
This study aims to determine the effect of work environment and work discipline on employee performance at PT Mandiri Utama Finance Medan Branch, both partially and simultaneously. The population in this study were all employees at PT Mandiri Utama Finance Medan Branch, totaling 102 people. The number of samples taken was 50 respondents. Determination of the number of samples used in this study was determined using the Slovin formula because the population was more than 100. This study was conducted from 2025. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire to produce primary-quantitative data which was then processed with SPSS version 25 with multiple linear regression methods. The results of the study showed that partially, the work environment had a significant effect on employee performance with a t-value of 2.262> t-table 1.676 and a significance of 0.000 <0.05. Work discipline also had a significant effect with a t-value of 2.153> t-table 1.676 and a significance of 0.000 <0.05. Simultaneously, both variables have a significant effect on employee performance with a calculated F value of 224.343 > Ftable 3.03 and a significance of 0.001 < 0.05.The results of the coefficient of determination test are81.8%Employee performance can be determined and explained by the work environment and work discipline. The remaining 100% - 81.8% = 18.2% is explained by factors outside of these variables.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mustika Hariyati, Eli Delvi Yanti; Yohny Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Socio-Economic Activity Changes in the Urban Fringe Area of Tuntungan, Medan
The phenomenon of urban fringe areas has become an important issue in regional and urban planning studies in Indonesia. These areas function as transitional zones between dense urban centers and semi-rural areas that are still developing. This study aims to analyze the changes in socio-economic activities in the Tuntungan Urban Fringe Area, Medan, which is undergoing spatial and social transformation as a result of urbanization pressures. The research employed a SWOT analysis with a qualitative approach, involving field observations, community interviews, and secondary data from official institutions. The findings indicate that the Tuntungan area has experienced a shift in economic activities from the agricultural sector to small-scale trade and services, accompanied by increased daily mobility and diversification of income sources. The area’s main strengths lie in its strategic geographic location and the adaptive potential of its human resources, while weaknesses include the dominance of the informal sector and weak local institutions. Development opportunities arise from the expansion of community-based economic activities; however, they are challenged by uncontrolled urbanization and the conversion of productive land. This study contributes to the development of sustainable regional planning strategies in urban fringe areas through a comprehensive understanding of the community’s socio-economic dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2025 adi sabar ginting, Abdi Sugiarto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital Transformation in SME Accounting: a Conceptual Framework Linking Fintech Adoption, Government Support and Financial Decition Quality
This study aims to develop a conceptual framework explaining the relationship between digital transformation in SME accounting, fintech adoption, government support, and the quality of financial decision-making. A conceptual–theoretical approach was employed by synthesizing recent international literature and integrating models from technology, finance, and public policy perspectives. The findings indicate that fintech adoption enhances financial recording accuracy, transaction efficiency, and analytical capability, ultimately improving SMEs’ financial decision quality. Furthermore, government support through regulation, digital training, and technological incentives acts as a critical enabler that accelerates digital transformation and strengthens the effectiveness of fintech utilization. The study concludes that the integration of digital capabilities, fintech usage, and government intervention forms a mutually reinforcing mechanism that elevates SME financial governance. The implications highlight the need for targeted policy strategies, affordable digital accounting systems, and improved digital financial literacy among SME actors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dwi Saraswati, Ardhansyah Putra Hrp; Yunita Sari Rioni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Build Solar Panel Temperature Control Using the Water Spray System Method
This study discusses the design and testing of solar panel temperature control systems using the water spray system method as an effort to improve energy conversion performance and efficiency. Solar panels have limited efficiency due to rising temperatures that can lower the output voltage. The system is designed using temperature sensors, sprinkler pipes, as well as mechanical controls that manually regulate water splashes to lower the surface temperature of the panels. Testing was carried out on two solar panels, namely panels with water splashes and panels without water splashes. The results showed that the temperature of the cooled solar panels decreased significantly, on average from 52°C to about 32°C. This temperature drop has an impact on increasing the electrical voltage from the range of 18.6 Volts to more than 20 Volts. Thus, the water splash method has proven to be effective as a simple cooling system that can improve the performance of solar panels and potentially extend their operational life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hengki Sardi Tanjung, Hamdani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Empowering Local Food MSMEs through Gen Z Collaboration, Social Commerce, and Influencer Marketing An Innovative Digital Strategy for Competitive Advantage
Digital transformation is not longer some distant goal for micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) it is the very ground on which everyday business takes place and is won. In the local food sector of Indonesia where heritage based recipes and fast movement online markets meet there is a lot at stake. This qualitative study investigates how Gen Z, social commerce and influencer marketing comes together in a way that makes local food MSMEs more empowered in ways that are technologically literate, culturally relevant and commercially impactful. Through in depth interviews with MSME owners, Gen Z content producers and community based microinfluencers in Medan we see how everyday practices of cocreation are drawn into digital visibility, trust and competitive advantage. Findings suggest that Gen Z collaborators often act as digital translators who transform deep rooted cultural narratives into platform sensitive material that comes across as authentic to us as community audiences. Social commerce operates less as a sales channel and more as an engaged public meeting place where identity, taste and trust are calibrated in real time. Microinfluencers act as credible bridge builders between local cultural values and digital discourse building engagement and closing perceived distances between producers and consumers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa Sanny https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An SDLC-Guided Development of a Web-Based Organizational Information Platform Using CodeIgniter: Evidence from APTIKOM SUMUT
Digitalization has become increasingly essential for service-based micro and small enterprises, including businesses that provide party and event equipment rentals. Traditional rental workflows such as manual communication, inconsistent stock updates, and the absence of transparent availability information often hinder operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. To address these challenges, this study aims to develop a web-based digital rental platform for party and event equipment using a User-Centered Design (UCD) approach. UCD was selected because it emphasizes continuous user involvement throughout the system development lifecycle, ensuring that the resulting platform aligns with real user needs and usability expectations. The research was conducted through four key stages: user requirement analysis, iterative prototyping, system implementation, and usability evaluation. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and user testing involving both customers and rental administrators. The final system provides a structured equipment catalog, real-time availability display, an intuitive booking workflow, and an administrative dashboard for managing inventory and rental schedules. Usability evaluation using the System Usability Scale (SUS) yielded a score of 82.4, indicating excellent usability. Task completion rates improved significantly, and user feedback highlighted enhanced clarity, reduced interaction errors, and faster rental processing. The findings demonstrate that adopting UCD contributes to the development of a more intuitive, efficient, and user-validated rental platform. This study provides practical insights into the application of UCD in service-oriented digital systems and supports ongoing efforts to modernize rental operations through web-based solutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zulfhami Syahputra, Rian Farta Wijaya; Khairul, Ayu Husniyyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal Protection of Children and Juvenile Crime Prevention in Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah Polytechnic
The protection of children and the prevention of juvenile crime are critical issues that demand comprehensive legal understanding and proactive measures, especially within academic environments. This study aims to examine the current legal framework, awareness, and practices related to child protection and juvenile crime prevention among the academic community of Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah Polytechnic. Using a qualitative research approach, data were collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis, focusing on students, faculty, and administrative staff. The findings indicate that while there is a basic understanding of children’s rights and legal provisions, gaps exist in the implementation and enforcement of preventive measures. The study highlights the need for structured legal literacy programs, strict adherence to national regulations on child protection, and the development of institutional policies to effectively prevent juvenile delinquency. Strengthening legal knowledge and proactive engagement is essential to safeguard children’s welfare and foster a safe academic environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahul Ardian Fikri, Irma Fatmawati; Moses Elias Perangin-Angin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Community-Based Solar Energy Socialization: A Collaborative Model for Sustainable Energy Transition in Vocational Education
This study presents a comprehensive approach to promoting solar energy adoption in vocational education through community-based socialization at SMKS Panca Budi, Indonesia. The research addresses the critical challenge of rising electricity costs in educational institutions, which have increased by approximately 10% annually over the past five years. Through an international collaboration between Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi and Universiti Malaysia Perlis, this initiative implemented a 50 kW solar panel system capable of meeting 30% of the school's energy requirements. The socialization program employed multiple strategies including stakeholder coordination, technical training workshops, community outreach sessions, and policy advocacy. Results demonstrate that community engagement significantly enhances acceptance and adoption rates of renewable energy technologies, with increased awareness among 800+ participants. The program successfully integrated practical solar energy education into the vocational curriculum, producing significant improvements in student knowledge from 42% to 78% on assessment measures and practical skills competency rates of 82-95%. Economic analysis reveals substantial long-term cost savings of USD 7,200-9,600 annually with a payback period of 7-8 years. This collaborative model addresses financial, technical, and awareness barriers while contributing to Indonesia's renewable energy target of 23% by 2025. The study concludes that community-based approaches provide an effective framework for sustainable energy transition in educational institutions, with potential for replication across other vocational schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reza Juliangga; Muhammad Irwanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Negotiation of the Role of Batak Women in the Modern Era: A Challenge to the Domination of the Patriarchy of Dalihan Na Tolu
Dalihan Na Tolu, the cultural value system of the Toba Batak people, has long been the foundation for regulating social relations, particularly those related to the position and role of women. However, the dynamics of modernity, globalization, and women's increasing access to education and public spaces have driven a significant negotiation process against the patriarchal structures inherent in the system. This study aims to analyze how Batak women negotiate their roles in the modern era, as well as to identify forms of resistance, adaptation, and transformation that emerge in response to the dominance of the patriarchal culture of Dalihan Na Tolu. Using a qualitative approach through literature studies and semi-structured interviews, this study found that Batak women now utilize cultural identity, professional capacity, and social networks as negotiation strategies to gain broader agency space both within the family and the traditional community. The results show that although the values ​​of Dalihan Na Tolu still strongly regulate the social structure, there has been a reinterpretation of the concept of "somba marhulahula, manat mardongan tubu, elek marboru" so that women have greater opportunities to participate in decision-making, family economics, and traditional activities. This negotiation process not only reflects the dynamics of social change but also serves as a form of cultural renewal relevant to the contemporary context. This research concludes that Batak women in the modern era are not merely objects of the patriarchal system but have become active actors reinterpreting their position within the framework of Dalihan Na Tolu.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irma Fatmawati, Rahul Ardian Fikri; Annisa Febrina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Understanding of Generation Z Toward the Value of Justice in Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘Ah Within Islamic Inheritance Law at Madrasah Aliyah Islamic Center of North Sumatra
The understanding of Generation Z regarding the value of justice in Islamic inheritance law has become an important issue in the context of modern Islamic education. As a generation that has grown up amid the advancement of information technology, globalization, and rapid social change, Generation Z tends to have a more critical, rational, and open mindset toward the idea of equality. However, such a perspective often creates a gap between the normative understanding of Islamic law and their perception of justice as a universal concept. In the context of Islamic inheritance law, justice is not merely mathematical in the distribution of wealth, but rather derived from the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah the higher objectives of Islamic lawwhich emphasize public welfare (maṣlaḥah), the protection of property (ḥifẓ al-māl), lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl), and social justice. This study aims to explore the extent of Generation Z’s understanding at Madrasah Aliyah Islamic Center of North Sumatra regarding the value of justice contained in the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah within Islamic inheritance law, as well as to identify the factors that influence their perspectives on the principles of shar‘ī justice. This study employs a descriptive-qualitative approach using observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The research informants consist of fiqh teachers, students, and school administrators who are involved in the learning process of Fiqh al-Mawārith (Islamic inheritance law). The results of the study indicate that most students understand Islamic inheritance law only in terms of its textual and numerical aspects of wealth distribution, without relating it to the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah dimension as the philosophical foundation of justice in Islamic law. The factors influencing this limited understanding include: 1) the traditional and less contextual approach to fiqh learning; (2) the limited use of interactive digital media in teaching the concepts of inheritance law; and (3) the influence of modern Generation Z values, which tend to interpret justice in an egalitarian manner without considering the principle of proportionality within the sharī‘ah. This study recommends the need to reconstruct the learning model of Islamic inheritance law in madrasahs to be oriented toward the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, by integrating the values of justice, digital media, and the strengthening of spiritual character. This effort is expected to develop a more comprehensive understanding among Generation Z regarding justice in Islamic inheritance law, enabling them to grasp not only its formal aspects but also the ethical and social meanings embedded within it.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sakban Lubis, Tumiran; Charles Rangkuti, Ismail Mukhtar Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Effect of Transformer Load Balancing on the Reduction Technical Shrinkages in Distribution Substations at Feeders JN 05 at PT PLN (PERSERO) ULP JANARATA
Electricity is a vital component in supporting activities across various sectors, particularly in industry. The reliability of the power distribution system is crucial to maintaining the continuity of energy supply. However, during the distribution process, power losses (technical losses) frequently occur, primarily due to load imbalance in distribution transformers. This study aims to analyze transformer loading on the JN 05 feeder at ULP Janarata by calculating the load percentage, phase current imbalance, and power losses caused by neutral current. A quantitative approach was used, based on field measurements of 16 transformers under Peak Load Conditions (WBP) and Off-Peak Load Conditions (LWBP). Prior to load balancing, total power losses due to neutral current reached 10,190.37 kWh during LWBP and 3,733.41 kWh during WBP each month. After load balancing was performed between phases, technical losses were reduced by 13,923.77 kWh per month. These results indicate that load balancing is an effective method to reduce power losses and improve the efficiency of the distribution system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ivan Kristiawan Zega, Dino Erivianto; Muhammad Erpandi Dalimunthe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact Of Fintech Integration, Digital Financial Ratios, And Management Training On The Accuracy Of Financial Reporting Of Msmes In Pematang Serai Village
This study aims to analyze the impact of fintech integration, digital financial ratios, and management training on the accuracy of financial reporting in MSMEs in Pematang Serai Village. The background of this research departs from the increasing need for MSMEs to adapt to digital transformation to increase the transparency and accuracy of financial statements. This study uses a quantitative method with an associative approach, where data is collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 55 MSME actors who have utilized digital financial services. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression using SPSS software. The results show that the integration of fintech and digital financial ratios has a positive and significant effect on the accuracy of financial reporting, while management training has no significant effect. Simultaneously, the three independent variables had a significant effect on the accuracy of financial statements with an R² value of 0.492, which means that 49.2% of the variation in the accuracy of financial statements can be explained by these three variables.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noni Ardian, M. Chaerul Rizky; Suwarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Trade Openness and Exchange Rate Stability: Revisiting the Evidence from Upper-Middle RCEP Economies
A study that re-examines the relationship between how open a country is to international trade and the stability of its currency value within the group of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) member states classified as upper-middle-income economies. The phrase “Trade Openness” refers to the degree to which these economies engage in exports and imports, while “Exchange Rate Stability” points to the consistency and predictability of their currency values in global markets. By using the term “Revisiting the Evidence,” the title signals that the paper does not present the first attempt at this topic, but rather offers a fresh analysis with updated data or methods to validate, challenge, or extend earlier findings. In essence, the study aims to provide new insights into whether greater trade openness contributes to or undermines exchange rate stability in these strategically important economies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dewi Mahrani Rangkuty, Rowiyah Asengbaramae, Muhammad Hidayat, Nurul Ikhsanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Utilization of Banking Agent Financial Services to Encourage Local Economic Growth: a Perspective of State-Private Partnerships on Mandiri Agent Brancless, BRIlink, and Bnk46
This study analyzes how the use of financial services by banking agents drives local economic growth through state-owned partnerships in three schemes: Mandiri Agen "Branchless", BRILink, and BNK46. With a comparative case study design and mixed methods, data was collected from customer and MSME surveys, in-depth interviews with agents and program managers, and analysis of economic indicators (transaction volume, active account expansion, payment/billing frequency, and MSME turnover). The results show that banking agents accelerate financial inclusion, lower transaction costs, and increase liquidity circulation at the community level. The highest effectiveness appears in partnership models that combine state-owned bank infrastructure, privately owned retail/stall networks, performance-based incentives, and technology support (apps, EDC, QR). The variation in performance between schemes is mainly influenced by agent selection and mentoring, incentive design, payment interoperability, and financial literacy programs. The research recommends strengthening interoperability, targeted literacy in vulnerable segments, and risk-sharing schemes in partnerships to expand local economic impact. The findings affirm that banking agents are an adaptive inclusion instrument as well as a lever for regional economic resilience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bambang Fitrianto; Suci Ramadani; Syahranuddin, Tia Miranda Tarigan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Service Accessibility in Mediating the Influence of Service Innovation on Public Satisfaction at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Medan City
Population administration services require fast, accurate, and easily accessible processes. This study examines the effect of service innovation on public satisfaction with service accessibility as a mediating variable at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Medan City. The research design is a quantitative cross-sectional study with a survey of 96 respondents (sample size determined using Cochran's formula). Model testing was conducted using PLS-SEM (SmartPLS) from July to October 2025. The instruments met convergent validity (outer loading ≥ 0.70) and high reliability (Composite Reliability: satisfaction 0.961; accessibility 0.935; innovation 0.943; AVE respectively 0.830; 0.741; 0.768). The model's explanatory power is strong: R² accessibility = 0.822 and R² satisfaction = 0.829. Path results show that innovation → accessibility is significant (β=0.907; p<0.001), innovation → satisfaction is significant (β=0.386; p=0.015), and accessibility → satisfaction is significant (β=0.546; p<0.001). The indirect effect test confirms the mediation of accessibility in the relationship between innovation → satisfaction (β=0.495; p<0.001). The findings confirm that service accessibility is a key mechanism that translates innovation into higher satisfaction. Practical implications suggest prioritizing innovations that directly improve access (e.g., online queuing/tracking, multi-platform channels, and service hour adjustments), accompanied by strengthening performance monitoring based on time indicators and procedural ease so that the benefits are felt equally by citizens.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lasma Uli Simangunsong, Nurafrina Siregar; Muhammad Dharma Tuah Putra Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Transformation of Social Relations and Living Spaces of Communities Along the Deli River in Medan
Changes in spatial structure along the Deli River in Medan City have led to significant transformations in social relations and the living environment of local communities. This study aims to analyze the forms of social relational changes, living space conditions, and to formulate community-strengthening strategies based on a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. The research methods included field observation, interviews, and visual documentation in three urban villages along the downstream corridor of the Deli River: Kesawan, Aur, and Hamdan. The findings indicate that social relations among residents are still maintained through mutual cooperation and daily interactions, although their intensity has decreased due to limited public spaces and deteriorating environmental conditions. Regarding living space, high residential density, inadequate sanitation, and limited access to clean water are the main challenges. The SWOT analysis reveals that the primary strengths lie in social cohesion and local wisdom, while weaknesses include limited infrastructure and environmental degradation. Opportunities arise from river-based economic potential, whereas the main threats come from urbanization pressure and spatial planning uncertainty. This study emphasizes the need for a community-based sustainable development approach that balances social, economic, and ecological aspects to ensure the sustainability of life along the Deli River.
Copyright (c) 2025 Henry Paulus Lumbangaol, Cut Nuraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Collective Memory of Waterfront City Transformation in Pangururan, Samosir Regency
This study aims to analyze the forms and meanings of collective memory among the community regarding changes in the Waterfront City area in Pangururan, Samosir Regency. As a strategic tourist area of Lake Toba, Pangururan has experienced significant transformations in physical, social, and cultural aspects, which in turn affect the local community’s identity. The research employs a qualitative approach with SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in preserving local cultural values amid the dynamics of waterfront development. Data were collected through field observations, interviews with community leaders, and visual documentation of urban physical elements such as monuments, pedestrian pathways, and public facilities. The results indicate that the area’s main strengths lie in its rich cultural narratives and active participation of the local community, while its weaknesses include the lack of an integrated interpretation between historical heritage and modern tourism development. Waterfront revitalization has proven to strengthen social relations and create reflective spaces that sustain the community’s collective memory of their cultural identity. The study concludes that waterfront city revitalization should consider collective memory as a foundation for sustainable planning. Consequently, collaboration among local government, academics, and the community is key to maintaining a balance between modernization and the preservation of local cultural identity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hotler Tamba, Cut Nuraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Community-Based Electrical Safety Training: Mitigating Electrical Hazards in Rural Areas of Petumbukan Village
Electrical accidents in rural Indonesia remain a significant concern due to limited safety awareness. This study evaluates a community-based electrical safety training program in Petumbukan Village. A pre-post intervention involving 45 residents assessed knowledge and behavioral changes through structured questionnaires. The training covered hazard identification, safe practices, emergency responses, and preventive maintenance. Results showed significant knowledge improvement from 32% to 87% post-training (p<0.001). Participants demonstrated enhanced ability to identify electrical hazards (68% increase), understand proper appliance usage (73% increase), and recognize emergency procedures (81% increase). Within two weeks, 78% of participants implemented household safety measures. The community-based approach effectively enhanced electrical safety awareness in rural settings. Findings suggest that participatory educational interventions can significantly reduce electrical accident risks in underserved areas, supporting the integration of such programs into local government safety initiatives for sustainability and broader impact.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmaniar, Zuraidah Tharo; Nurfadillah Rahmadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Work Motivation in Mediating the Influence of The Transformational Leadership Style of Sub-District Heads on the Performance of Neighborhood Heads at the Medan Baru Subdistrict Office
This study aims to analyze the role of work motivation in mediating the influence of sub-district head transformational leadership on neighborhood head performance at the Medan Baru Sub-district Office in Medan City. The background of this study is based on differences in performance among neighborhood heads, which are influenced by leadership, motivation, and working conditions. Transformational leadership is considered capable of creating positive change through the leader's ability to inspire, stimulate intellectually, and give individual attention to subordinates. Meanwhile, work motivation is seen as a psychological force that drives individuals to achieve and contribute optimally to the organization. This study used a quantitative approach with a population of 64 neighborhood heads in Medan Baru District, all of whom were included in the saturated sample. Data analysis techniques used Partial Least Squares (PLS) through the SmartPLS 4.0 application. The results showed that transformational leadership had a positive but insignificant effect on the performance of neighborhood heads, but had a positive and significant effect on work motivation. Furthermore, work motivation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of neighborhood heads and is proven to mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and performance. The coefficient of determination (R²) value shows that 64.8% of the variation in work motivation and 94.8% of the variation in performance can be explained by the research model. These results indicate that improving the performance of neighborhood heads does not only depend on the transformational leadership style applied by the sub-district head, but is also greatly influenced by the level of individual work motivation. Therefore, a leadership strategy that focuses on empowerment, individual attention, and the provision of continuous rewards and guidance is needed to improve the motivation and performance of officials in the Medan Baru Sub-district.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ody Rinaldi Sinaga, Desi Astuti; Kholilul Kholik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital Taxation Innovation for MSMEs to Support a Circular and Inclusive Economic Ecosystem
Developing digital taxation innovations that focus on improving tax compliance and revenue, but also on creating a circular and inclusive economic ecosystem. It is hoped that this will encourage MSMEs to transform into tax-compliant, environmentally-oriented businesses that are able to compete in a sustainable digital ecosystem. This study uses a mixed method with a sequential explanatory design, which begins with quantitative data collection and analysis, followed by qualitative exploration to deepen understanding of the quantitative findings. This approach was chosen to capture both the objective (numbers and statistics) and subjective (perceptions, context, and field dynamics) aspects of the phenomenon of digital taxation of MSMEs in supporting a circular and inclusive economy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yunita Sari Rioni, Dwi Saraswati; Roro Rian Agustin3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Obstacles Faced By The Community And Village Officials In Efforts To Prevent Narcotics Abuse Among Adolescents In Klambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency
This study aims to identify and analyze the obstacles faced by the community and village officials in efforts to prevent narcotics abuse among adolescents in Klambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency. The problem of narcotics abuse among adolescents is increasingly worrying, so an active role is needed from the community and village officials to deal with this problem. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, which involves in-depth interviews and observations in the field. The results of the study show that there are several main obstacles in efforts to prevent narcotics abuse, including limited human resources, lack of public awareness of the importance of prevention, and challenges in coordination between villages and related agencies. In addition, the lack of supportive local culture and low active community participation are also inhibiting factors. Therefore, this study recommends the need to increase the capacity of village apparatus through training, as well as strengthening cooperation between the government, the community, and educational institutions in creating an environment free from narcotics abuse among adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suci Ramadani, Rahmayanti; Sofia Naliza Sitepu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transforming Marketing Strategies Through Customer Experience Management to Improve Customer Loyalty
In the modern business landscape, customer experience management (CEM) has become a critical determinant of marketing success and customer loyalty. This study aims to analyze how the transformation of marketing strategies through the effective implementation of CEM can enhance customer loyalty. The research emphasizes the shift from traditional product-centric marketing to customer-centric approaches that prioritize personalized experiences, emotional engagement, and value co-creation. By integrating digital technologies such as data analytics, artificial intelligence, and omnichannel communication, companies are now able to understand customer behavior more deeply and deliver consistent experiences across multiple touchpoints. The study also highlights that CEM not only improves customer satisfaction but also strengthens trust, advocacy, and long-term commitment toward the brand. Moreover, transforming marketing strategies through CEM requires an organizational culture that promotes customer focus, continuous feedback, and cross-functional collaboration. The findings suggest that businesses that successfully implement CEM-driven marketing strategies experience increased customer retention rates, higher lifetime value, and sustainable competitive advantage. In conclusion, this transformation represents a strategic evolution from transactional interactions to relational engagement, positioning customer experience as the core of marketing innovation and loyalty development. Future research may explore the impact of emerging technologies and cultural differences in shaping the effectiveness of CEM across industries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ocdy Amelia, Sulardi; Icha Tri Pratiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Social Reconstruction–Based Model for Muadalah Curriculum Development at Pesantren Al-Abraar, South Tapanuli
This study provides an in-depth examination of the Muadalah Curriculum development model at Pesantren Al-Abrar, South Tapanuli, using social reconstruction as its analytical framework. Employing a qualitative method with a case study design, the research collected data through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis to explore the processes of formulation, implementation, and the curriculum’s relevance to contemporary societal needs. The findings indicate that Pesantren Al-Abrar adopts an integrative curriculum model grounded in perennial-essentialist philosophy, which proportionally combines Ulum Islamiyyah, Ulum Lughawiyyah, and Ulum ‘Ammah. This curriculum not only preserves the classical Islamic scholarly tradition but also responds to modern demands by strengthening competencies in foreign languages, science, technology, social literacy, and character formation. The curriculum’s implementation follows the principles of a spiral curriculum, allowing content to progress gradually and systematically in accordance with students’ developmental stages. The Muadalah Curriculum at Pesantren Al-Abrar proves to function as a social reconstruction instrument that bridges the preservation of values with educational innovation. This study underscores the importance of reinforcing social orientation, continuous adaptation, and contextualized curriculum design to ensure that pesantren education remains relevant, adaptive, and competitive in the modern era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Manshuruddin, Charles Rangkuti; Bahtiar Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Re-reading Malay Vernacular: Climate-Responsive Principles in Rumah Panggung for Contemporary Housing
This paper re-reads Malay vernacular architecture to extract climate-responsive principles from the Rumah Panggung (stilt house) and translate them into actionable guidelines for contemporary housing in humid-tropical contexts. Combining typological analysis with field documentation in Binjai, North Sumatra, the study revisits key spatial, material, and construction logics elevated floors with ventilated undercroft, deep eaves and high-pitched roofs, porous wall assemblies, shaded verandas, and lightweight, reconfigurable partitions. Situated within Binjai’s hot-humid conditions and recurrent pluvial and fluvial flood risks, the case study examines representative neighborhoods and conducts performance-oriented reasoning informed by passive design theory (cross-ventilation paths, stack-effect cooling, solar control, and moisture management). The findings show how the Rumah Panggung’s coupled strategies raising habitable floors, creating thermal buffer zones, and grading façade permeability enhance thermal comfort and hydrological resilience while supporting incremental growth and easy repair. These logics are then reformulated as design rules compatible with current construction practice in Binjai: orientation and massing for prevailing breezes, vented high roofs, modular shaded outdoor rooms, raised structures and flood-tolerant ground layers, and hybrid material systems pairing locally available components with durable contemporary products. Scenario prototyping demonstrates the potential to reduce reliance on mechanical cooling and to improve comfort hours across typical dwelling layouts. By reframing the Rumah Panggung as climate intelligence rather than style, and grounding the argument in Binjai’s urban and environmental realities, the study advances a pragmatic path for affordable, sustainable, and culturally resonant housing delivery today.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cut Nuraini, Muhammad Sofyan; Luga Alexander Pakpahan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Use of Macrame as a Medium of Education and Expression with an Islamic Religious Education Nuance in Aek Pancur Village, Tanjung Morawa District
This study aims to analyze the use of macrame as an educational and expressive medium with Islamic Religious Education (PAI) nuances in Aek Pancur Village, Tanjung Morawa District. Macrame, as a form of knot-based handicraft art, has great potential to be integrated into the learning of Islamic values, especially in aspects of morality, work ethics, and Islamic aesthetics. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data are analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that macrame training activities are an effective means of instilling Islamic values ​​such as patience, precision, gratitude, cooperation, and itqan al-'amal (working with the best quality). Furthermore, macrame serves as a medium for Islamic artistic expression through works such as calligraphy ornaments, wall hangings with a monotheistic theme, and Islamic geometric motifs. This training also has a social and economic impact on the community, with the growth of creative skills, increased self-confidence, and opportunities for craft-based small businesses. Challenges that emerged included time constraints, varying participant abilities, and access to raw materials. Overall, macrame proved to be a relevant educational and expressive medium for strengthening Islamic Religious Education (PAI) values ​​in the community.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ismaraidha, Dian Yulis Wulandari; Khaliza Sabrina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation Of Religious Moderation Values In Klambir Lima Kebun Village: A Case Study In The Local Muslim Community
Religious moderation is an important concept in maintaining social harmony in the midst of the plurality of Indonesian society. This study aims to analyze the implementation of religious moderation values in Klambir Lima Kebun Village, Deli Serdang Regency, with a focus on the local Muslim community. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation. The results of the study show that the implementation of religious moderation values in Klambir Lima Kebun Village is reflected in the practices of tawassuth (middle attitude), tasamuh (tolerance), and deliberation (consultation) which are internalized through religious traditions, informal education, and daily social interaction. Religious leaders play a significant role in instilling these values through da'wah and social activities, such as recitation and cross-group dialogue. However, the study also found some challenges, such as an uneven understanding of religious moderation and the influence of extreme ideologies that come in through social media. This study concludes that religious moderation in Klambir Lima Kebun Village has become an important foundation in maintaining social harmony, although further efforts are still needed to overcome existing obstacles. The recommendations of this study include strengthening the role of religious leaders, increasing people's religious literacy, and collaboration between the government and religious institutions in supporting the strengthening of religious moderation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Latifah, Zulfi Imran; Syarifuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Development of an Interactive Prayer Schedule Application Using a User-Centered Design Approach
An effective user interface plays a significant role in improving user experience in digital applications, including those displaying prayer schedules. This study focuses on designing and developing an interactive prayer schedule application by applying the User-Centered Design (UCD) approach. The research methodology includes key UCD stages such as user needs analysis, wire frame creation, prototype development, and usability testing. The results show that applying the UCD approach leads to an intuitive, informative, and user-friendly interface that accommodates users from diverse backgrounds. This application is expected to serve as an effective digital medium for presenting prayer schedules interactively and enhancing user engagement with religious content.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nova Mayasari, Suheri; Muslim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Imam An-Nawawi’s Thoughts on Qira’ah, Hifzh, and the Morality of Qur’an Memorizers in At-Tibyān
The background of this study focuses on the importance of education in Qur’anic recitation (Qira’ah), memorization (Hifzh al-Qur’an), and moral character, referring to the thoughts of Imam An-Nawawi in his work At-Tibyān fī Ādābi Ḥamalat al-Qur’ān. Imam An-Nawawi emphasizes the virtues of Qira’ah and Hifzh al-Qur’an as essential elements in Muslims’ interaction with the Qur’an. The purpose of this research is to analyze Imam An-Nawawi’s perspectives on Qira’ah and Hifzh al-Qur’an. The research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method, in which data are collected through the review of books, articles, and journals relevant to the topic. The findings of this study indicate that Imam An-Nawawi’s thoughts on Qira’ah and Hifzh al-Qur’an are highly relevant to contemporary Islamic education, particularly in enhancing Muslims’ understanding and practice of the Qur’an.
Copyright (c) 2025 Said Ansyari, Fuji Rahmadi; Manshuruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Modeling and Developing a Reservation Customer Management Web System Based on a Sequential Software Development Methodology
In practice, conventional haircut services often face a number of problems, such as difficulties in managing customer schedules, poorly organized queues, and the absence of an effective booking system. To address these challenges, the implementation of a Website-Based Reservation and Customer Management System using the Waterfall Development Model becomes the right solution. This system is designed to make it easier for customers to book services online, display pricing information, employee profiles, booking history, and give customers the freedom to choose their barber and appointment time. Its development follows the main stages of the Waterfall model, including requirements analysis, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance. In the design stage, Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to model the system through use case diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, and class diagrams to make the analysis and design process more structured. In the implementation process, MySQL is used as the database, Bootstrap is used to design the user interface, and PHP becomes the main programming language. The system is then tested using black-box testing methods to ensure that each feature functions properly. Test results show that this system successfully improves the speed and ease of the service ordering process for customers, while also making it easier for the admin to manage data on prices, employees, orders, customers, and invoices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hardiansyah Putra, Isnar Sumartono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Internalization of Islamic Character Values in the Learning Process of Islamic Elementary Schools
This study aims to analyze the internalization of Islamic character values in the learning process of Islamic elementary schools through a literature review employing the SPANDek method (Systematic, Peer-reviewed, Analytical, and Narrative Documentation of Evidence-based Knowledge). This approach was used to systematically examine various research findings published in peer-reviewed journals indexed by Google Scholar from 2014 to 2024. The review focuses on the concepts, strategies, and implementation of Islamic character values such as honesty (ṣidq), responsibility (amānah), discipline, hard work, and compassion (raḥmah) within the context of thematic learning in Islamic elementary education. The findings reveal that the internalization process is carried out by integrating Islamic values into all components of instruction, including lesson planning, classroom implementation, and learning evaluation. The role of teachers as uswah ḥasanah (exemplary role models) and the establishment of a religious school culture are identified as key factors in ensuring successful character formation. Several effective strategies are highlighted, including exemplar-based learning, habituation, religious activities, and value integration within the thematic curriculum. Nevertheless, challenges remain, particularly the limited understanding among some teachers regarding cross-subject Islamic value integration and the absence of a robust character-evaluation system. Through the SPANDek method, this study presents an evidence-based synthesis that underscores the importance of synergy among teachers, schools, and families in strengthening Islamic character education at the elementary level. The results are expected to serve as both conceptual and practical references for curriculum developers and educators in optimizing Islamic character formation from the early stages of formal education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Surryanto Djoko Waluyo, Agung Edi Rustanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Building An Adaptive Entrepreneurial Mindset: The Role Of Dropshipping And Affiliate Marketing In Industry 4.0 Education
The development of Industry 4.0 demands the emergence of an entrepreneurial mindset that is adaptive, responsive, and able to transform according to the dynamics of digital technology. This study aims to analyze how dropshipping and affiliate marketing act as digital business models that can shape a modern entrepreneurial mindset among students. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, this study explores the perceptions, experiences, and changes in students' mindsets after engaging in platform-based digital entrepreneurship activities. The results show that dropshipping and affiliate marketing not only provide access to low-capital capital for aspiring entrepreneurs but also improve digital literacy, problem-solving skills, and innovative orientation as core competencies of entrepreneurship in the Industry 4.0 era. In addition, both business models strengthen the courage to take risks, the ability to identify market opportunities, and adapt to the platform's algorithmic mechanisms. This study concludes that integrating dropshipping and affiliate marketing practices in entrepreneurship education can be an effective strategy for building a generation of entrepreneurs who are more flexible, creative, and competitive in facing the challenges of digital transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Isa Indrawan, Rahul Ardian Fikri; Hasrul Azwar Hasibuan, Dedy Eko Widianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Storytelling in Social Media Marketing To Build an Authentic Brand Image Among Indonesian Millennials
The development of social media as a digital interaction space has transformed modern marketing strategies, particularly in efforts to build an authentic brand image. This study aims to analyze the role of storytelling in social media marketing as a communicative approach that can increase the perception of brand authenticity among Indonesian millennials. The research method used a qualitative descriptive approach through literature studies and content analysis of various digital campaigns that utilize brand narratives. The results show that storytelling is effective in creating emotional closeness between brands and audiences, strengthening trust, and encouraging digital engagement on platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. Relevant, personal, and consistent story elements are proven to be key factors mediating the formation of an authentic brand image. These findings confirm that the use of storytelling in digital marketing functions not only as a promotional tool but also as a strategy for building long-term brand identity in the millennial segment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa Febrina, Rahul Ardian Fikri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Halal Intelligence 5.0: Building a Smart and Trustworthy Global Halal Ecosystem Through AI and Big Data
Background: The digital transformation of the halal industry through Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers unprecedented opportunities but also introduces critical ethical challenges. As AI systems increasingly shape halal certification, supply chain management, and consumer trust, ensuring fairness, accountability, and integrity is essential. Objective: This study proposes a comprehensive ethical framework for AI implementation in the halal industry, addressing the unique intersection of Islamic ethical principles, technological innovation, and global commerce. Methods: A mixed-methods design was adopted, combining a systematic literature review (n = 127), expert interviews (n = 35 halal scholars and AI practitioners), and case studies of 12 halal certification bodies across eight countries. Results: The study identifies five core ethical dimensions: algorithmic transparency in halal verification, bias mitigation in certification processes, data privacy in supply chain tracking, accountability frameworks, and cultural sensitivity in AI design. Based on these, the FAITH framework (Fairness, Accountability, Integrity, Transparency, Halal-compliance) is proposed for ethical AI governance. Conclusion: Ethical AI integration within the halal industry requires balancing technological efficiency with Islamic moral principles, stakeholder trust, and regulatory compliance. The FAITH framework offers practical guidance for policymakers and practitioners seeking to harmonize AI ethics with Shari‘ah values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arpan Arpan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Towards Smart Schools: Optimizing School Management through Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics
Abstract Digital transformation is driving schools to shift from conventional management patterns towards more strategic, data-based governance. This article aims to analyze how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data can be optimized to support school management in moving towards the concept of a smart school. A descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review design is employed, through the exploration and synthesis of various studies related to data-driven decision making, the application of AI and Big Data in education, school leadership in the digital era, as well as data governance and AI ethics. The findings indicate that AI and Big Data have the potential to reposition the role of school management from merely handling administrative routines to becoming strategic, evidence-based decision makers. Analytic systems enable more comprehensive monitoring of academic performance, attendance, teacher workload, and the utilization of facilities, and also support predictive analysis for early intervention for at-risk students. However, implementation in practice still faces structural challenges (limited infrastructure and system integration) and normative challenges (privacy, data security, and ethical use of AI. This article recommends strengthening vision and data culture at the school level, improving data and AI literacy for school leaders and teachers, developing clear frameworks for data governance and AI ethics, and fostering collaboration among schools, government, universities, and technology developers
Copyright (c) 2025 Lutfian Yusup https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Combination of Exercise Treatment and Planting Spacing in Improving Growth and Productivity of Welshaw Rice (Oryza Sativa L)
This study aimed to determine the effect of soil tillage systems and planting spacing, as well as their interaction, on the growth and productivity of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety IR64. The research was conducted in paddy fields using a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was the soil tillage system consisting of three levels: plowing (P1), tractor tillage (P2), and hoeing (P3). The second factor was planting spacing consisting of three levels: 30×20 cm (J1), 30×30 cm (J2), and 30×40 cm (J3). The observed parameters included plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, grain weight per clump, grain weight per plot, and grain yield per hectare. The results showed that the interaction between soil tillage systems and planting spacing had a significant effect on the number of tillers, grain weight per clump, grain weight per plot, and grain yield per hectare, but had no significant effect on plant height and leaf area. The best treatment was obtained from the combination of P2J2 (tractor tillage and 30×30 cm spacing) which produced the highest grain yield, reaching 600 g per 1 m² plot, equivalent to 6 tons per hectare. Thus, the tractor tillage system combined with moderate planting spacing effectively improved growth efficiency and grain yield of lowland rice (IR64 variety)
Copyright (c) 2025 Sulardi, M. Sidik Tarigan; Ocdy Amelia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Multicultural Learning Strategy to Enhance Cultural Understanding in Early Childhood at RA Al Ikhlas Kongo Deli Serdang
This study aims to develop and analyze multicultural learning strategies that can improve cultural understanding in early childhood at RA Al Ikhlas Kongo, Deli Serdang. In the context of increasing globalization, understanding cultural diversity is very important for fostering tolerance and mutual respect from an early age. Through an approach based on multicultural values, this study will identify effective learning models for introducing children to cultural diversity in their surroundings. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method involving teachers at RA Al Ikhlas Kongo, Deli Serdang as research subjects. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies, which were then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The focus of this study is to design learning strategies that are appropriate for the characteristics of early childhood and apply them in learning activities that are interesting and easy to understand. By introducing various elements of local and international culture, it is hoped that children will be more sensitive to diversity and understand and appreciate the differences that exist in society. The results of the study show that the application of multicultural learning strategies at RA Al Ikhlas Kongo is very effective in increasing cultural understanding in early childhood. Through a story-based approach, songs, traditional games, and art activities, children can learn about various cultures in a fun way. Teachers also actively encourage children to discuss the cultural diversity around them, both through personal experiences and stories from parents or the community. The discussion reveals that the use of visual and interactive media greatly helps children understand the concept of cultural diversity. For example, through pictures and videos about daily life in various regions, children can see firsthand the differences in lifestyles that exist in society. In addition, experience-based learning, such as visiting cultural sites or inviting speakers from various backgrounds, also increases children's awareness of the importance of tolerance. Overall, this study shows that multicultural learning integrated into the early childhood education curriculum can foster mutual respect and strengthen understanding of diversity from an early age. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as a reference for other educational institutions in designing and implementing learning programs that support the growth of tolerance and appreciation for cultural differences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salma Rozana, Rika Widya; Hadi Saputra Panggabean, Azka Youwan Sakila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transformation of Islamic Religious Education in Strengthening Students’ Character Building in the Society 5.0 Era at SD IT Al-Washliyah Klambir Lima
This descriptive case study explores the transformation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in strengthening students’ character building at SD IT Al-Washliyah Klambir Lima in the Society 5.0 era. Data were collected through observations, interviews (with teachers, the principal, parents, and students), and document analysis, and were examined using the Miles–Huberman model along with source–technique triangulation. The findings reveal three mutually reinforcing axes of change: (1) a curriculum–character project with dual objectives, namely mastery of knowledge and achievement of morality indicators; (2) blended pedagogy grounded in digital etiquette (citations, privacy, polite language) accompanied by differentiated access; and (3) a school culture supported by parent partnerships that ensure habituation continues at home. The initial impact includes increased learning engagement, the development of citation habits, and improved digital communication ethics. The main challenges identified are gaps in device/internet access and the burden of portfolio-based assessment. In conclusion, the transformation of PAI is relevant and effective, but requires strengthened operational strategies to ensure equity and sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syafrida Rahmidayani Barus, Mhd. Habibu Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Study of the Benefits of Law in the Implementation of Restorative Justice for Children as Victims and Perpetrators of Criminal Acts
Restorative justice is an approach to resolving criminal cases that prioritizes the restoration of losses and the repair of social relationships between the offender, the victim, and the community. In the context of children as either victims or perpetrators of criminal acts, this approach is considered more humane than formal judicial processes, which may generate adverse effects on a child's development. This article examines the implementation of restorative justice through the lens of the theory of legal utility (utilitarianism), which posits that ideal law is law that provides the greatest possible benefit to society. Using a normative-analytical method, this study reviews the regulations governing restorative justice mechanisms within the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA) and analyzes the benefits produced for child victims and child offenders. The findings demonstrate that restorative justice yields tangible benefits, including psychological recovery for victims, avoidance of stigma for offenders, enhanced social responsibility, and strengthened family and community support. Nevertheless, its implementation still faces challenges such as limited understanding among law-enforcement officials, victim resistance, and insufficient supporting facilities. Overall, the application of restorative justice aligns with the principle of legal utility because it produces broad positive impacts for children and society and holds potential as a more effective and equitable model for case resolution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mhd. Azhali Siregar, Fitria Ramadhani Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Human Resource Analytics as a Moderator of the Relationship between HR Capabilities and Performance: Empirical Evidence in Government Agencies
This study aims to analyze the influence of Human Resource (HR) Capabilities on Organizational Performance with HR Analytics as a moderating variable in government agencies in Medan City. The method used is a quantitative approach with the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique using SmartPLS 4.0. The results of the analysis show that HR Capabilities, HR Analytics, and the moderating effect of HR Analytics × HR Capabilities do not significantly influence organizational performance (p > 0.05). The R² value of 0.533 indicates that the model has moderate explanatory power. Meanwhile, the results of the model feasibility test (SRMR = 0.141; NFI = 0.406) indicate that the model is not yet optimally fit. This finding indicates that the implementation of HR Analytics in the public sector is still in its early stages and has not been fully able to convert HR capabilities into improved organizational performance. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of digital readiness and an evidence-based work culture in the public bureaucracy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Soulthan Saladin Batubara, Diana Sari Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Collaboration of Academics and Business Practitioners on The Analysis of Conditional Trade Policies and Import Duty: A Study on Indonesia-Malaysia Trade at Tuanku Sultanah Bahiya Polytechnic
This study aims to explore the collaboration between academics and business practitioners in analyzing conditional trade policies and assessing their implications for the academic environment at Tuanku Sultanah Bahiya Polytechnic. The research approach uses a qualitative case study method, involving in-depth interviews, participant observation, and analysis of related policy documents. The research subjects consisted of lecturers, students, and business actors actively involved in the implementation of conditional trade policies. The results show that this collaboration enhances academics' understanding of the dynamics of real-world business practices, while providing a practice-based perspective for business actors in formulating strategies aligned with regulations. Furthermore, this study identified challenges in the form of differences in priorities and perceptions between academics and practitioners, which require effective communication and coordination mechanisms. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of sustainable synergy between academia and industry to create adaptive, relevant trade policies that provide direct benefits for student capacity development and improving the quality of business practices at the local level.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Razak Nasution, Rahul Ardian Fikri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
EFL Learners’ Anxiety in Speaking English among Students from Islamic Schools in North Sumatra
This study explored EFL learners' anxiety in speaking English among students from Islamic schools in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Despite years of formal English education, many students faced significant challenges in speaking English due to anxiety, primarily driven by fear of judgment, fear of making mistakes, and lack of speaking practice. This research focused on identifying the triggers of speaking anxiety, the impact it has on students' speaking participation, and the strategies they use to cope. A qualitative approach was adopted, employing semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and classroom observations to collect data from 15–20 students. The results indicated that students experience emotional and physical symptoms of anxiety, such as sweating, trembling, and hesitation when asked to speak in English. Factors such as Islamic school culture, which emphasizes religious education, and limited exposure to English outside the classroom, contribute to heightened anxiety levels. Despite these challenges, students reported using self-affirmation, peer support, and relaxation techniques as coping mechanisms. The findings highlight the need for teachers to create supportive classroom environments and provide more opportunities for informal speaking practice. This study contributes to the understanding of speaking anxiety among Islamic school students and provides insights into how it can be mitigated to improve their speaking proficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurbaiti Ali, Indah Sari; Munisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of Capital Structure on Business Scale Acceleration In Digital Entrepreneurial Companies: A Comparative Study of Pre And Post-Ipo at The Indonesia Stock Exchange (Idx)
This study aims to analyze the impact of capital structure on the scaling-up acceleration of digital entrepreneurial firms in Indonesia, specifically those that have conducted Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Using PT Bukalapak Tbk as a case study, secondary data from financial reports for the years 2019–2023 were analyzed to compare conditions before and after the IPO. The analytical method employed was a paired t-test on the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and revenue growth. The results revealed a significant change in capital structure post-IPO, which influenced the company's business scaling acceleration. This study provides implications for financing strategies of digital startups in their growth phase.
Copyright (c) 2025 Harits Hijrah Wicaksana, Muhamad Yayandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of the Principal of Islamic Early Childhood Education (PAUD) in Integrating Islamic Values into the Learning Process at PAUD Insan Pertiwi
This study aims to describe the role of the principal of Islamic Early Childhood Education (PAUD) in integrating Islamic values into the learning process at PAUD Insan Pertiwi. The principal holds a strategic role not only as an educational manager but also as a spiritual leader who instills Islamic values throughout the learning activities. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects of the study consist of the principal, teachers, and educational staff at PAUD Insan Pertiwi. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the principal of PAUD Insan Pertiwi plays a vital role in three main aspects: (1) planning, by developing curricula and lesson plans that incorporate Islamic values such as honesty, discipline, and responsibility; (2) implementation, by guiding teachers to integrate Islamic teachings through routine practices, prayers before and after learning, and character-building activities; and (3) supervision, by conducting regular monitoring to ensure that the learning process aligns with the institution’s Islamic vision and mission. Supporting factors include the principal’s strong commitment and teacher collaboration, while challenges arise from the limited availability of Islamic learning resources and varying teacher competencies in applying Islamic values. This study concludes that the successful integration of Islamic values into the learning process at PAUD Insan Pertiwi is strongly influenced by the principal’s Islamic leadership, effective communication, and consistency in applying value-based management principles.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agung Edi Rustanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Analysis of a Closed Loop Control System Using a Lead Compensator on a DC Motor Model
This study presents the design and performance analysis of a closed-loop control system for a DC motor using a lead compensator and a simplified second-order plant model. The objective is to enhance the transient and steady-state response of the motor by improving rise time, settling time, and stability margins. A mathematical model of the DC motor is developed and integrated with a lead compensator designed through classical control techniques. The complete system is implemented and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate its dynamic behavior under a unit-step input. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed lead compensator significantly improves system performance. The compensated system exhibits a fast rise time, smooth and monotonic convergence, negligible settling time, and zero steady-state error. No overshoot is observed, indicating excellent damping and stability characteristics. These findings confirm the effectiveness of lead compensation in shaping the dynamics of DC motor control systems. The study highlights the value of MATLAB/Simulink as a practical tool for validating theoretical designs and provides a methodological reference for future research in motor control and classical compensator design.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Dani, Dino Erivianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Regulation of Diplomatic Immunity Under The Vienna Convention and Islamic Law: A Perspective of Protection and Legal Accountability
This research examines the differences regulation of diplomatic immunity between the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and the principles of Islamic law. The research problems are: (1) how the Vienna Convention and Islamic law define the limits of diplomatic immunity concerning the jurisdiction of the receiving state; (2) how legal accountability is applied to violations committed by diplomats. This research employs a normative-juridical approach, analyzing primary legal materials such as the Vienna Convention, the Qur’an, and Hadith and secondary sources including the opinions of fuqaha and international legal. The conclusion of this study: (1) Diplomatic immunity under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and Islamic law, focusing on the balance between protection and accountability. The Vienna Convention provides legal privileges based on functional necessity, sovereignty, and reciprocity, but lacks enforcement mechanisms, potentially allowing impunity for serious violations. Islamic law, through the concept of aman, conditions immunity on ethical and moral responsibility, linking protection to justice and respect for local laws; (2) Legal accountability is essential to prevent abuse, emphasized by international norms and Indonesia’s constitutional framework. Integrating positivist legal principles with Islamic ethical foundations offers a balanced model, ensuring diplomatic privileges are exercised with justice, legality, and moral responsibility.
Copyright (c) 2025 Athina Kartika Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integration of Technology-Based Learning Methods in the Islamic Education System at Al-Ulum Integrated Islamic High School Medan
This study aims to develop and analyze multicultural learning strategies that can improve cultural understanding in early childhood at RA Al Ikhlas Kongo, Deli Serdang. In the context of increasing globalization, understanding cultural diversity is very important for fostering tolerance and mutual respect from an early age. Through an approach based on multicultural values, this study will identify effective learning models for introducing children to cultural diversity in their surroundings. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method involving teachers at RA Al Ikhlas Kongo, Deli Serdang as research subjects. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies, which were then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The focus of this study is to design learning strategies that are appropriate for the characteristics of early childhood and apply them in learning activities that are interesting and easy to understand. By introducing various elements of local and international culture, it is hoped that children will be more sensitive to diversity and understand and appreciate the differences that exist in society. The results of the study show that the application of multicultural learning strategies at RA Al Ikhlas Kongo is very effective in increasing cultural understanding in early childhood. Through a story-based approach, songs, traditional games, and art activities, children can learn about various cultures in a fun way. Teachers also actively encourage children to discuss the cultural diversity around them, either through personal experiences or stories from parents or the community. The discussion revealed that the use of visual and interactive media greatly helps children understand the concept of cultural diversity. In addition, experience-based learning, such as visiting cultural sites or inviting speakers from various backgrounds, also increases children's awareness of the importance of tolerance. Overall, this study shows that multicultural learning integrated into the early childhood education curriculum can foster mutual respect and strengthen understanding of diversity from an early age. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as a reference for other educational institutions in designing and implementing learning programs that support the growth of tolerance and appreciation for cultural differences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Danny Abrianto, Nazrial Amin; Hadi Saputra Panggabean, Muhammad Daud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Intellectual Property Rights and Global Trade Challenges: A Comparison of Protection Systems in Indonesia and Asean Countries
Intellectual property rights (IPR) protection has a very important role in dealing with the dynamics of global trade. Along with the increase in international transactions and the development of digital technology, the challenges of safeguarding intellectual property rights are increasingly complex. This study aims to analyze the comparison of intellectual property protection systems in Indonesia and ASEAN countries, as well as how the challenges faced by each country in the context of global trade. The approach used is comparative legal research by examining regulations and policies related to intellectual property in Indonesia and several ASEAN countries, such as Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia. The results show that although ASEAN countries have harmonized their intellectual property protection systems through the ASEAN IPRs Agreement and international agreements such as the TRIPS Agreement, there are differences in the implementation and legal oversight between these countries. Indonesia faces challenges in terms of law enforcement against intellectual property infringement, while countries such as Singapore and Malaysia have stronger protection systems thanks to stricter and more modern policies. In addition, the protection system implemented in Indonesia still has gaps in terms of adjusting to the development of digital technology and e-commerce, which is a major challenge in protecting intellectual property rights. This study concludes that to face global trade challenges, Indonesia needs to strengthen supervision, increase public legal awareness, and carry out legal reforms to adapt to international standards and technological developments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dina Andiza, Hasdiana Juwita Bintang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Utilization of Private Cloud Storage Amazon Web Service (AWS) as Data Storage Media for the Aptikom Website of North Sumatera Province
With the increasing need for secure, flexible, and scalable data storage, Amazon Web Services (AWS)-based Private Cloud Storage technology has become an effective alternative for academic organizations such as APTIKOM North Sumatra Province. This study aims to analyze the implementation of AWS Private Cloud Storage as a data storage solution for the APTIKOM website, as well as evaluate its impact on operational efficiency, security, and data accessibility. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative and quantitative approach through observation, interviews, and direct testing of system performance before and after implementation. The results of the study show that the use of AWS not only increases data access speed and server management efficiency, but also provides higher security protection compared to conventional storage. Thus, this study contributes to information system managers in adopting cloud technology as a reliable and sustainable data storage solution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khairul, Zulfahmi Syahputra; Rian Farta Wijaya, Iwan Purnama, Dea Ananda Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Improving Farmers’ Knowledge of Rice Cultivation through Education on High-Yielding Varieties
This community service activity aims to improve farmers’ knowledge and skills in rice cultivation through education on the use of high-yielding varieties. Many farmers have not yet obtained up-to-date information on superior varieties that offer higher productivity, better resistance to pests and diseases, and improved grain quality. The program was implemented through interactive educational sessions, field demonstrations, and discussions designed to strengthen farmers’ understanding of the characteristics of high-yielding varieties and the application of appropriate cultivation techniques. The results indicate a significant increase in farmers’ understanding of the benefits of superior varieties and their ability to apply the recommended agronomic practices. This initiative is expected to encourage the adoption of high-yielding varieties, enhance local rice production, and support sustainable agricultural development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Devi Andriani Luta, Vina Arnita; Putri Kharisma Rahmadani, Anis Marcella Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Synergy of AI and Islamic Human Capacity for Strengthening the Halal Hub and Empowering MSMEs in the Era of Society 5.0
The global halal ecosystem requires MSMEs to integrate advanced technologies with Islamic values and competencies. This conceptual article proposes a theoretical model that synergizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Islamic Human Capacity (IHC) which encompasses Islamic work ethics, halal literacy, and digital ethics/competence within the context of a halal hub as a supporting ecosystem. Grounded in the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities frameworks, as well as an ecosystem perspective, we position IHC and AI as complementary capabilities that influence MSME empowerment and performance, with the strength of the halal hub serving as a cross-level mediator and/or moderator. This article formulates conceptual propositions, defines key constructs, and proposes a research agenda along with empirical validation designs (PLS-SEM/CB-SEM and/or field studies). The main contributions are: (1) integrating technology human capabilities rooted in Islamic values, (2) operationalizing the “strength of the halal hub” as an ecosystem mechanism, and (3) mapping MSME empowerment pathways aligned with the human-centric vision of Society 5.0.
Copyright (c) 2025 Darmeli Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
UI/UX Design of a Real-Time Earthquake Early Warning System for Optimizing Emergency Information Delivery
The Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) plays a highly strategic role in minimizing casualties and material losses by delivering alerts as quickly as possible before destructive seismic waves reach the surface. Although earthquake sensors and detection technologies have advanced significantly, system effectiveness is often hindered by non-intuitive interface designs, unclear information hierarchy, and poor user experience during emergency notifications. This study proposes the design of a real-time earthquake warning interface using a User-Centered Design (UCD) approach to optimize the rapid and comprehensible delivery of emergency information. The prototype interface was developed using Figma and evaluated through heuristic evaluation and usability testing involving 32 respondents. The results show that the redesigned interface improved users’ decision-making speed by 41% and achieved a System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 86.7, categorized as “Excellent.” These findings emphasize that well-implemented UI/UX design significantly enhances the effectiveness of emergency communication systems. Future work is recommended to incorporate multimodal alerts, artificial intelligence–based recommendations, and cross-platform integration at a national scale.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Akbar, Heri Kurniawan; Mhd Rohid Alfahrizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital Technology Use and Local Entrepreneurship Development in the Gig Economy of Pematang Serai
This study investigates the influence of User Experience (UX) on Digital Entrepreneurship Intention (DEI) through the mediating role of Perceived Value among gig-economy actors in Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency. The rapid expansion of digital platforms in rural ecosystems has reshaped entrepreneurial behavior, making UX and value perception central determinants of digital business adoption. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2025 involving 200 respondents consisting of gig-economy workers and micro-entrepreneurs who actively utilize digital platforms. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that User Experience significantly enhances Perceived Value, which in turn positively affects Digital Entrepreneurship Intention. Moreover, Perceived Value partially mediates the relationship between UX and DEI, demonstrating its psychological role as a value-based cognitive mechanism that strengthens entrepreneurial motivation in digital contexts. The structural model exhibits strong predictive accuracy, with substantial explanatory power for DEI. These results highlight the importance of improving digital platform usability, responsiveness, and perceived benefits to stimulate digital entrepreneurial participation in rural gig-economy communities. The study contributes to digital marketing, gig-economy empowerment, and rural digitalization literature by clarifying how experiential and value-driven factors shape entrepreneurial intentions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Firman Ario, Yossie Rossanty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Islamic Financial Literacy and Social Media on the Income of Agricultural Communities in Klambir V Kebun Village
This study investigates the role of Islamic financial literacy and social media in enhancing the income of agricultural communities in Klambir V Kebun Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The research focuses on understanding how the knowledge of Islamic finance principles and the use of digital platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp can help farmers improve their financial outcomes. Using a quantitative research approach, the study analyzes data from 150 farmers to determine the relationship between these two variables and their effect on income generation. The findings indicate that both Islamic financial literacy and social media usage significantly contribute to increased income levels among farmers. Financially literate farmers are more capable of managing their finances effectively, while those actively using social media benefit from broader market access and reduced reliance on intermediaries. The study provides valuable insights for rural development initiatives and emphasizes the importance of financial education and digital engagement in fostering sustainable agricultural practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Fadlan, Annisa Ilmi Faried; Suhendi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of Ethnomathematics in Jala Jelita Culinary Innovation: A Study of Community Empowerment Based on Local Wisdom in Buntu Bedimbar Village
Ethnomathematics is a mathematics learning approach that integrates local culture with formal mathematical concepts. This community service program aims to provide training on the application of ethnomathematical concepts in Jala Jelita food to the people of Buntu Bedimbar Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency. Jala Jelita is an innovation of Malay food mesh bread that contains various mathematical concepts in the manufacturing process. The implementation method includes initial surveys, program socialization, workshops on the practice of making Jala Jelita, identification of mathematical concepts, and evaluation of training results. The activity was carried out by involving 10 participants consisting of PKK women. The results of the activity showed that participants were able to identify various mathematical concepts in making Jala Jelita, including shape geometry (circle, spiral), measurement concepts (measurements, proportions), number patterns in the frying process, and economic calculations in determining selling prices. This training succeeded in increasing public understanding of the relationship between local culture and mathematics, as well as providing economic added value for MSME actors through education-based marketing innovations. The positive impacts achieved include increasing community mathematical literacy, preserving local culinary culture, and developing ethnomathematics-based creative economy potential.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hikmatul Fadhilah Sianipar, Dewi Nurmasari Pane; Alexandro Djuan Veron https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Socialization of Moral Education Management at MAS Miftahussalam Medan
Moral education is an important part of shaping students' character, especially in facing the increasingly complex challenges of the times. MAS Miftahussalam Medan, as an Islamic educational institution, plays a role in shaping a generation that is not only academically superior, but also has good morals. Therefore, this service aims to provide information about effective moral education management at MAS Miftahussalam. This activity will be carried out in the form of training and workshops for teachers and educational staff at MAS Miftahussalam, with the aim of increasing their understanding of the concepts, strategies, and implementation of moral education in teaching and learning activities. In addition, it is hoped that there will be an increase in the involvement of the entire academic community in creating an environment that supports the growth of noble morals for students. The method used in this community service is a participatory approach that involves interactive discussions, simulations, and case studies. The expected outcome of this activity is the establishment of a more structured and sustainable moral education system at MAS Miftahussalam Medan. Thus, it is hoped that this will support the achievement of the school's vision and mission in producing an intelligent generation with noble character. The results of this community service activity show positive developments in efforts to improve moral education at MAS Miftahussalam Medan. The training and workshops conducted succeeded in creating a deeper understanding among teachers and educational staff regarding the importance of moral education as an integral part of character building for students. Overall, this community service activity succeeded in making a positive contribution to MAS Miftahussalam Medan's efforts to develop a generation that is not only academically excellent but also has strong character and noble morals. With a more structured and sustainable moral education system, it is hoped that this school can continue to produce a generation that is not only intelligent but also has noble morals in accordance with Islamic values, which form the basis of education at MAS Miftahussalam Medan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hadi Saputra Panggabean, Sakban Lubis; Iswanto Ariga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Risk Management in Increasing Company Value: An Analysis from the Perspective of Risk, Profitability, and Company Size
This research aims to analyze the role of risk management in increasing company value through three main perspectives, namely corporate risk, profitability, and company size. The research approach was conducted using a literature study of eight scientific articles relevant to the fields of risk management, corporate governance, and financial performance. The results of the study indicate that risk management plays a strategic role in shaping corporate value, but this influence is greatly affected by the quality of implementation and transparency of risk disclosure. Comprehensive risk disclosure not only helps companies identify and mitigate potential losses, but also sends positive signals to investors and stakeholders, thereby improving market perception. Furthermore, this study found that profitability is the main pathway explaining how risk management can increase company value. Companies that are able to control risk effectively tend to have better operational efficiency, which ultimately increases profitability and company value. On the other hand, company size has been shown to strengthen risk management effectiveness because large companies have more adequate resources, governance, and oversight systems. Therefore, this study confirms that risk management is not only an internal control tool but also a strategic instrument in creating sustainable corporate value.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ihsan Rangkuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Study on Landscape Arrangement of the Radjasyah Islamic Boarding School and Outbound Area in Medan
The increasing number of people interested in Islamic boarding schools has led to a growing demand for learning environments based on religion and science. Therefore, the development of Islamic boarding schools must be organized as early as possible and balanced with careful site planning so that there is no imbalance between the need for religious knowledge and scientific knowledge. Rajasyah Islamic Boarding School has a lot of potential in educational activities because it has a strategic site that is close to nature, where students not only learn religious knowledge but also scientific knowledge. Irregularities in the planning of development have resulted in irregularities in construction and inappropriate use of space. The main area of development that must be controlled is the main education zone, which is the main face of the Islamic boarding school that accommodates all educational activities of the Islamic boarding school community, both educators and students. This is a problem that must be solved. One alternative solution to this problem is to create an area that can accommodate all activities at the Islamic boarding school so that there is integration between the owner and the users. The Rajasyah Islamic boarding school in Medan Tuntungan is a potential and strategic area. The spatial planning study points to an area consisting of different functions, so it is necessary to carry out an efficient and effective reorganization of each building and area so that it can become an aspiration or point of interest for the surrounding environment. The increasing number of people interested in Islamic boarding schools has led to a growing demand for learning environments based on religion and science. Therefore, the development of Islamic boarding schools must be organized as early as possible and balanced with careful site planning so that there is no imbalance between the need for religious knowledge and scientific knowledge. Rajasyah Islamic Boarding School has a lot of potential in educational activities because it has a strategic site that is close to nature, where students not only learn religious knowledge but also scientific knowledge. Irregularities in the planning of development have resulted in irregularities in construction and inappropriate use of space. The main area of development that must be controlled is the main education zone, which is the main face of the Islamic boarding school that accommodates all educational activities of the Islamic boarding school community, both educators and students. This is a problem that must be solved. One alternative solution to this problem is to create an area that can accommodate all activities at the Islamic boarding school so that there is integration between the owner and the users. The Rajasyah Islamic boarding school in Medan Tuntungan is a potential and strategic area. The spatial planning study points to an area consisting of different functions, so it is necessary to carry out an efficient and effective reorganization of each building and area so that it can become an aspiration or point of interest for the surrounding environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fariz Harindra Syam, Melly Andriana; Muhammad Zaki Chairuman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Fintech Progress on the Selling Value of Culinary MSME’s in Medan City
Advances in financial technology (fintech) have brought major changes in the transaction and marketing activities of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), including the culinary sector. This study aims to analyze the influence of fintech advances represented through the use of QRIS as a non-cash payment system and GoFood as a delivery service platform on the selling value of culinary MSMEs in Medan City. The study used a quantitative approach involving 83 MSME actors selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed by multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that QRIS and GoFood have a positive and significant effect on the selling value of culinary MSMEs, both partially and simultaneously. Fintech advances have an impact on increasing visibility, sales volume, transaction efficiency, and ease of consumer access to culinary products. These findings confirm the importance of digitalization in increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs. This study also recommends the need to increase the digital literacy of MSME actors, system support from fintech service providers, and strengthen digitalization policies by local governments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmad Sembiring https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integrating Digital Cost Audit With Environmental Management: a Pathway To Sustainable Business Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Medan
The integration of digital cost audit and environmental management represents a strategic innovation in achieving sustainable business performance. This study explores how digital technologies such as cloud-based audit systems, artificial intelligence, and data analytics enhance the efficiency, transparency, and environmental accountability of cost auditing processes [1][2]. Using a mixed-method approach, data are collected from 12 manufacturing companies in Medan that have implemented green accounting practices. The findings indicate that digital cost audit tools significantly improve cost traceability by 71%, reduce human error by 62%, and facilitate real-time monitoring of environmental costs across operational categories [3]. Moreover, digital audit integration strengthens environmental compliance to 92% and supports comprehensive sustainability reporting aligned with ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) frameworks [4]. This research contributes to the growing discourse on digital transformation in accounting by demonstrating how technology-driven cost auditing can bridge financial efficiency with ecological responsibility, establishing a viable pathway toward greener and smarter corporate governance in manufacturing industries [5].
Copyright (c) 2025 Neng Sri Wardhani, Ramadhan Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Clustering K-Means and DBSCAN for Network Traffic Anomaly Detection in Digital Islamic Community Systems
The digital transformation era has accelerated the use of network-based systems in supporting various community activities, including those within Islamic organizations and institutions. The increasing complexity of network traffic presents challenges in identifying abnormal patterns that may indicate cyber threats or system disruptions. This study aims to implement and compare two clustering algorithms K-Means and DBSCAN for detecting network traffic anomalies in digital Islamic community systems. The dataset combines simulated traffic from Islamic digital platforms and the CICIDS2017 benchmark data. Through preprocessing, feature selection, and evaluation using the silhouette coefficient, this research analyzes the effectiveness of both algorithms in identifying anomalies. The experimental results indicate that DBSCAN performs better in detecting irregular traffic and outliers, while K-Means remains effective for structured and stable data patterns. These findings emphasize the potential of data mining techniques to enhance the security, reliability, and resilience of digital systems serving Muslim communities. The implication of this study is to provide a foundation for developing intelligent network monitoring tools for secure and sustainable Islamic digital ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muslim, Nova Mayasari; Wirda Fitriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transformation of Sensory Profile of Robusta Coffee Beans (Coffea Canephora L.) Fermentation Products Due To Roasting Time And Yeast Dosage Treatment
One of the most popular types of coffee is Robusta (Coffea canephora), which has a different aroma before roasting: Robusta tends to have a nutty aroma. This istudy iaimed ito examine ithe icombination itreatments i(roasting itime iand iyeast idosage) ion ithe iflavor iof Robusta icoffee, iand ithe iabove ihypothesis ihelped ito iguide ithe ifocus iof ithe iexperiment in iidentifying ithe ioptimal iconditions ifor ithe icoffee iprocessing. iThe iresearch imethod used iin ithis istudy iwas ia ifactorial irandomized iblock idesign i(RBD) iconsisting iof i25 combinations, iwith i2 ireplications. iThe ifactors iwere: iFactor i1: iRoasting itime iM0 i= Control i(green ibeans i200 ig), iM1 i= iRoasting itime i15 iminutes iat i200°C i(green ibeans 200 ig), iM2 i= iRoasting itime i25 iminutes iat i200°C i(green ibeans i200 ig), iM3 i= iRoasting time i35 iminutes iat i200°C i(green ibeans i200 ig) iand iM4 i= iRoasting itime i45 iminutes at i200°C i(green ibeans i200 ig). iFactor i2: iYeast idosage iP0 i= iControl, iP1 i= iYeast dosage i5 ig, iP2 i= iYeast idosage i10 ig, iP3 i= iYeast idosage i15 ig iand iP4 i= iYeast idosage 20 ig. iThe iresults iof ithe ianalysis iof ivariance ishowed ithat iboth iroasting itime iand iyeast dosage ihad ia isignificant ieffect ion iall iobserved iparameters.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andi Setiawan, Kabul Warsito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Application of Ecological Architecture at the “Kampung Kecil” Restaurant in Medan City
The rapid growth of the culinary industry in Medan has shifted the role of restaurants from merely food-serving facilities into multifunctional social spaces offering spatial experience, visual identity, and comfort for visitors. This trend encourages the need for architectural approaches that are not only aesthetic but also environmentally responsible. This study examines the application of ecological architecture principles in the Kampung Kecil restaurant, which incorporates bamboo as the primary building material and adopts a natural, open-space concept. The research methodology integrates primary data obtained through on-site observation and secondary data sourced from literature reviews. The analysis refers to four key ecological architecture criteria: building morphology, energy efficiency, ecological building materials, and indoor environmental conditioning. The findings reveal that the elongated building form successfully responds to the site's geometry and solar orientation, enabling optimal natural ventilation and daylighting. The use of bamboo as a regenerative material supports environmental sustainability while reducing carbon footprint. Furthermore, the semi-open spatial configuration allows passive cooling and lighting strategies, contributing to reduced energy consumption. In conclusion, the Kampung Kecil restaurant demonstrates an effective implementation of ecological design principles, resulting in an energy-efficient, comfortable, and environmentally integrated built environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Peranita Sagala, Desy Ramadhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
IQRA Learning in Early Childhood at Anisa Rahma Early Childhood Education, Klambir Lima Village, Kebun, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency
Learning Iqra in early childhood is a strategic step in instilling Islamic values from an early age and improving the ability to read hijaiyah letters as a basis for reading the Qur'an. This activity was carried out at PAUD Anisa Rahma, Klambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency with the aim of providing educators and parents with an understanding of the importance of the Iqra method in Islamic religious education. The methods used in this socialization are interactive lectures, simulations of Iqra teaching, and open discussions with participants. The results of the activity showed high enthusiasm from the participants and increased awareness of the importance of structured Iqra learning. This socialization also encourages PAUD to integrate Iqra learning in daily teaching and learning activities. Thus, this activity is expected to be a model for strengthening religious character in early childhood through a fun and educational approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zannatunnisya, Ismaraidha; Humairah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Civil Law Aspects in The Formation of Red and White Cooperatives in Indonesia
The Red and White Cooperative as a form of economic organization in Indonesia has an important role in improving the welfare of its members through the principles of mutual cooperation and togetherness. However, in its formation, this cooperative cannot be separated from the applicable legal rules, especially in the aspect of civil law that regulates the relationship between the cooperative and its members, as well as the internal relationship between the management and members of the cooperative. This research aims to analyze the civil law aspects in the process of forming the Merah Putih Cooperative in Indonesia, focusing on the regulations governing the establishment of cooperatives, the rights and obligations of members, and the legal responsibilities of cooperative management. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that the establishment of cooperatives in Indonesia must meet the requirements stipulated in Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives and other relevant regulations. In addition, the formation of the Red and White cooperative must pay attention to the agreement between the members and the management, which must be legally valid and binding. Cooperative administrators have great legal responsibilities in the management of cooperatives, including in terms of financial management and dispute resolution that may arise. This study concludes that the civil law aspect is very important in ensuring the formation of a legitimate cooperative and the rights of its members are protected, as well as creating transparency and accountability in the management of cooperatives. Therefore, the strengthening of regulations and legal awareness among cooperative administrators and members needs to be improved to create a more professional and sustainable cooperative.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irwan Haryowardani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Application of Green Architecture Principles in Condotel Design in Medan City
This study aims to design a vertical residential building in the form of a condotel with a green architecture approach in the city of Medan. Medan, as the center of economic and administrative activities in North Sumatra, has experienced high population growth, resulting in land constraints. Thus, the concept of environmentally friendly vertical housing is a solution to meet housing needs while maintaining environmental balance. The research methods include literature studies and field surveys focused on site analysis, building analysis, and the application of green architecture principles. The design results show that the condotel building is designed to have two main functions, namely as a hotel and condominium, by applying six principles of green architecture: respect for the site, respect for users, working with the climate, energy conservation, minimizing new resources, and a holistic approach. The condotel building is expected to become a model of sustainable development in the urban area of Medan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dara Wisdianti, Ivan Noor Akbar Rambe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Training on The Implementation of Mathematical Models on Basic Macrame Patterns in Producing Macrame Handcrafts
This training aims to introduce and implement mathematical models in the process of creating basic macrame patterns as a basis for developing aesthetically and economically valuable handicrafts. Macrame is the art of weaving knots with repetitive and structured patterns, allowing mathematical approaches such as geometric patterns, transformations, and simple algorithms to be applied in its design. Through this training, participants not only learn basic macrame techniques but also understand how knot patterns can be mathematically modeled to produce consistent, efficient, and innovative design variations. The training results demonstrate that integrating mathematical models into handicrafts can enhance creativity and accuracy, and provide an engaging alternative approach to contextual mathematics learning. This activity is expected to empower the community while introducing the STEM concepts of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (Natural Sciences, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) to the world of handicrafts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dian Yulis Wulandari, Ismaraidha; Nur Fadillah Rahmadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Reform of the Criminal Justice System: Decarceration Policy in the Context of Indonesian Criminal Law
This paper analyzes Indonesia's penal system reform by positioning decarceration as a key strategy to reduce reliance on prisons, address overcrowding, and strengthen public safety. Normatively, the 2023 Criminal Code (KUHP) has affirmed non-imprisonment as the principal punishment through Article 64 and Article 65 paragraph 1, and provides cautionary guidelines regarding prison sentences derived from Article 70. Downstream, Law 22/2022 concerning Corrections provides instruments for remission, assimilation, and social reintegration. This research uses a juridical normative approach with a comparative analysis of the Tokyo Rules and international policy evidence on smart decarceration. The results indicate that the effectiveness of decarceration depends on three factors. First, prosecution and sentencing guidelines that prioritize community service and supervision for low-risk cases. Second, strengthening the capacity of correctional centers and Community Guidance Officers, along with community service networks, to reduce crime risk factors. Third, transparent and auditable data governance to monitor compliance and recidivism. Policy recommendations include the development of a sentencing grid for targeted cases, pilot projects in several courts, integration of public performance dashboards, and a mechanism for victim recovery through restitution. In conclusion, Indonesia has a sufficient foundation to transform its criminal justice system toward a more humane, proportionate, and sustainable model, provided that the upstream and downstream policy package is implemented consistently and based on evidence [1][4].
Copyright (c) 2025 Fhika Maisyarah Mufrizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Drone Utilization and Spatial Verification of Palm Oil Key Points
The advancement of remote sensing technology has driven the utilization of drones (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle/UAV) in the management of oil palm plantations more efficiently, accurately, and sustainably. This article examines the effectiveness of drone utilization followed by spatial verification of oil palm key points in spatial mapping, oil palm inventory, plant health monitoring, and plantation infrastructure surveillance. The analysis is based on international literature and empirical findings that represent the development of UAV implementation in the plantation industry. The study results indicate that the use of drones and the verification process can improve data accuracy to over 95%, reduce field survey durations, and support data-driven agronomic decision-making. Additionally, drone technology has the potential to strengthen sustainable plantation practices, especially in terms of land efficiency, reducing yield loss, and mitigating environmental risks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hanifah Mutia Zaida Ningrum Amrul, Julia Marisa; Muhammad Wahyu Syahputra, Rusnanto, Heru Wahyudi, Akbar Zuhri Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Implementation of an Online-Controlled Running Text Display
Running text is one of the digital media to display information to the public with the help of LED (Light Emitting Diode). The information to be displayed should always be up to date, in other words the information displayed is as much as possible the latest information. Therefore we need a device that can replace the information in the running text quickly and practically, one way is by using the telegram application. This system is controlled by the NodeMcu with the ESP8266 microcontroller. While the text display is displayed by 5 P10 LED modules. NodeMCU acts as a gateway connecting system and humans, also acts as a controller for the P10 LED Module. All modules in the system including the NodeMcu and P10 modules use a 5V power supply. Then only 1 power supply module is needed that can convert 220VAC (PLN) electricity to 5V DC. Users communicate with NodeNcu using an internet connection via the Telegram messaging application. Telegram requires a third-party bot that can connect nodemcu users and devices directly. The bot used is the “Universal Telegram Bot”.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hamdani, Suherman; Alamsyah Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Constitutional Limits of the Constitutional Court's Interpretation Between Negative Legislators and Positive Legislators
This article examines the constitutional limits of the Constitutional Court's interpretation, from negative to positive legislative perspectives. The main issue raised is the blurring of the line between norm testing and norm creation when the Court uses conditional, additive, or substitutive decisions. The goal is to formulate legitimate operational parameters to ensure judicial corrections remain within the framework of the 1945 Constitution while providing certainty for legislative follow-up. The method used is a normative juridical approach with a statute approach, a case approach, and a conceptual-comparative approach. The study results present four parameter clusters: necessity, proportionality, systemic coherence, and accountability. The necessity cluster examines constitutional flaws and the risk of legal vacuum. The proportionality cluster assesses the adequacy of less intrusive remedies that are minimal and temporary. The systemic coherence cluster examines the integration of the ruling with the authority architecture and normative hierarchy. The accountability cluster requires deadlines, institutional division of duties, and public monitoring mechanisms. The application of parameters demonstrates a clearer distinction. In the case of systemic procedural defects, a conditional decision can be used to maintain certainty without shifting the role of lawmakers. In the case of substantial defects involving rights, outright annulment is more appropriate, unless minimal transitional arrangements are necessary to protect rights. In the realm of technical and polycentric policies, judicial restraint should be prioritized. In conclusion, the four-cluster parameters, along with the matrix for follow-up from decisions to legislative responses, clarify the Court's interpretational boundaries, maintain the rule of law and checks and balances, and improve the quality of post-decision legislation. This model offers a practical tool for the Court, lawmakers, and stakeholders to ensure effective, proportional, and accountable judicial corrections.
Copyright (c) 2025 Indra utama tanjung, Ismaidar; M. Juang Rambe, Anggi Ananta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital Communication Strategy and Innovation in Coastal Tourism MSMEs: a Case Study of Kota Pari, North Sumatra
This study aims to analyze the business communication transformation undertaken by tourism Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Kota Pari, North Sumatra, through digital media platforms, and to identify the challenges and innovations they implement. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design in the Kota Pari area, involving 38 key MSME actors predominantly in the culinary and accommodation sectors. Primary data was gathered through interviews, and secondary data from digital documentation (MSME social media). The findings indicate that the transformation is characterized by a shift from traditional word-of-mouth promotion to digital marketing, the use of WhatsApp Business for booking and feedback, Instagram for visual catalogs, and TikTok for destination storytelling. Key challenges identified include low digital literacy, limited internet connectivity, and content inconsistency. Significant innovations include collaboration with local content creators, community-based digital training, and the "Digital Sharing" program as an innovative adaptation effort. Digital media platforms have proven successful in significantly increasing visits, orders, and local brand awareness. The study concludes that adaptation and community-driven innovation are crucial for the sustainability of tourism MSMEs in the digital age.
Copyright (c) 2025 Roro Rian Agustin, Yunita Sari Rioni; Dian Septiana Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sharia Audit and Management Accounting in Supporting the Implementation of SDGs in Sharia-Based Businesses in Indonesia
This study aims to examine the role of Sharia audit and management accounting in supporting the achievement of SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) within Sharia-based businesses in Indonesia. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach and the PRISMA method, this research reviews scientific publications indexed in Scopus, Google Scholar, and national journals from 2007 to 2022. Inclusion criteria consisted of articles discussing Sharia audit, management accounting, Islamic economics, and their relevance to sustainable development, while non-academic or unrelated articles were excluded. The review findings show that Sharia audit enhances institutional compliance, transparency, and accountability, whereas management accounting provides planning, control, and performance measurement systems that support efficiency and productivity. The integration of both creates a synergy that contributes to job creation, inclusive growth, and productivity improvement, aligned with SDG 8 targets. Islamic economic instruments such as productive zakat, waqf, and profit-loss sharing financing (mudharabah/musyarakah) have also been shown to support the development of halal MSMEs and the creation of new businesses. Nevertheless, the literature reveals limited causal and longitudinal empirical studies that investigate the pathways between Sharia audit → management accounting → SDG 8 outcomes, as well as the use of more specific SDG 8 indicators. This study recommends the development of an integrative framework and quantitative indicators based on Sharia accounting to evaluate the real contribution of Sharia institutions toward economic growth and employment. Overall, this study provides theoretical and practical foundations for academics, regulators, Sharia business institutions, and investors to optimize the roles of Sharia audit and management accounting in advancing sustainable economic development in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maf'ul Taufiq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Innovation Learning through the Arts Center in Increase Early Childhood Creativity
Creativity is fundamental aspects in development child age early necessary​ stimulated through approach appropriate learning . Research​ This aim For analyze implementation center art as innovation learning in increase creativity child age early . Research methods use approach qualitative descriptive with technique observation , interviews , and documentation to activity learning in the center art . Subject study is child ages 4-6 years in PAUD institutions that implement learning models center . Research results show that learning through center art give impact positive to development creativity child , who is seen from improvement ability think divergent , originality of ideas, elaboration works , as well as courage in expressing oneself . Activities at the center art that includes drawing , painting , collage , mosaic , and using various art media capable stimulate imagination and power creation children . Supporting factors success covering provision of varied media , arrangement environment conducive learning , as well as the role of teachers as facilitator who provides freedom express to children . Research This conclude that center art is innovation learning effective For optimize creativity child age early and recommended For implemented in a way wide in education child age early.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rita Nofianti, Siti Latifah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of Technical Assistance in the Application of Medical Records in Midwifery Independent Practice (TPMB) in Simalungun and its Impact on Service Quality
The Independent Midwife Practice (TPMB) in Simalungun Regency plays a leading role in maternal and child health services, but still faces various obstacles in the implementation of medical records, both in terms of completeness, accuracy, and readability. This research aims to describe the context of TPMB and the challenges of implementing medical records, describe the design of technical assistance, and analyze its impact on the quality of midwifery services within the framework of the latest regulations, namely Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health, Permenkes No. 24 of 2022 concerning Medical Records, Permenkes No. 28 of 2017 concerning Permits and Implementation of Midwife Practices, Permenkes No. 18 of 2022 concerning the Implementation of One Data in the Health Sector through the System Health Information, and Kepmenkes HK.01.07/MENKES/1423/2022 concerning Guidelines for Variables and Meta Data in the Implementation of Electronic Medical Records. The research used a qualitative approach of case studies on several TPMBs with midwife informants, health center/agency officers, and medical record document review. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies, then analyzed thematically. The results show that limited facilities, variations in documentation competencies, high workload, and lack of supervision cause medical record practices to not comply with standards and regulations. Technical assistance which includes initial assessment, focused training, supervision-mentoring, SOP drafting, and feedback audits has been proven to improve the completeness and neatness of medical records, improve the care process, strengthen the continuity of care, and support accountability and readiness for integration into health information systems. It was concluded that technical assistance is an effective strategy and in line with national regulations to improve the quality of medical records and the quality of midwifery services in TPMB, and has the potential to be replicated in other regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marice Simarmata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Application of the Naïve Bayes Algorithm to Predict Cosmetic Sales in Beauty Cosmetics Stores
The accurate forecasting of sales is critical for optimizing inventory management and strategic planning within the highly dynamic beauty cosmetics retail sector. This study investigates the application of the Naïve Bayes (NB) algorithm as a cost-effective and efficient probabilistic classification method to predict cosmetic product sales levels in beauty stores. Using historical transactional data, the continuous sales volume was discretized into three categories: Low, Medium, and High Sales. The NB model was trained and evaluated on relevant retail features including product category, promotional activity, and seasonality. Hypothetical results demonstrate the model's strong performance, achieving an overall prediction accuracy of 85.2% and a macro-averaged F1-Score of 83.5%. The model exhibited particularly high reliability in identifying Low Sales products (F1-Score: 90.6%), offering direct, actionable intelligence for reducing excess inventory and improving capital allocation. While showing robust effectiveness, the model's performance was slightly lower in classifying High Sales events, suggesting a potential area for future enhancement through comparison with non- linear models. However, the study concludes that the Naïve Bayes algorithm provides a powerful, pragmatic, and computationally efficient baseline solution for transforming raw sales data into strategic inventory and marketing decisions, thus contributing significantly to operational excellence and profitability in the beauty retail landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 Winda Erika, Muslim; Zuhri Ramadhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of E-Government in Improving Public Services in Pematang Serai Village, Langkat Regency
The era of digital transformation has encouraged governments at all levels to adopt information technology in the delivery of public services. This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-government in improving public services in Pematang Serai Village, Lalat Regency, focusing on the implementation process, influencing factors, and its impact on the quality of public services. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of analytical descriptive research. Data collection was carried out through interviews, participatory observations, and documentation studies during the March-August 2025 period. The results of the study show that the implementation of e-government in Pematang Serai Village is still in the early stages with a limited adoption rate. The implementation process faces the main obstacles in the form of limited information technology infrastructure, the lack of competence of village officials in managing digital systems, and the low level of digital literacy of the service user community. The main recommendations are the development of ICT infrastructure, training of village officials, digital literacy programs according to local characteristics, user-friendly e-government systems, and coordination between stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yohny Anwar, M. Chaerul Rizky https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT) Based Water Level Monitoring System Using Ultrasonic Sensors and the Blynk Application
Manual monitoring and control of water levels in storage tanks are often inefficient and may result in water wastage due to overflow or shortage. To address this issue, this study developed an Internet of Things (IoT)-based water level monitoring system utilizing an ESP32 microcontroller, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, and relay module as the water pump actuator. The system is integrated with the Blynk application for real-time monitoring and a Telegram bot for automatic user notifications. The system is designed to display the water level in real time while providing both automatic and manual pump control options via the mobile application. Testing was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the sensor readings and the reliability of the pump control mechanism. The results indicate that the ultrasonic sensor achieves high accuracy with a reading deviation of less than 2%, and the relay-based pump control system operates effectively in filling and stopping the water flow according to the predefined level limits. The implementation of this system enables users to monitor and manage water availability more efficiently and conveniently while reducing energy consumption and preventing wastage. Furthermore, this system has potential applications in both domestic and industrial environments that require automated water management solutions based on IoT technology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hafni, Muhammad Zen; Irwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Development of an Interactive Prayer Schedule Application for Digital Displays
The advancement of digital technology has increased the demand for practical and interactive access to religious information, including prayer schedules. This study aims to design and develop an interactive prayer schedule application that can be displayed through digital screens. The development process involves several stages, including requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. The application is built on a web-based platform to ensure flexible access across various devices. Testing results indicate that the system can display accurate and real-time prayer schedules while providing an intuitive user interface. This research is expected to contribute to the digitization of worship information and offer an effective solution for mosques, prayer rooms, and other religious institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suheri, Nova Mayasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Production of Three Soybeans Varieties in Response to Gibberellin Concentration
The purpose of this study was to determine the growth of three soybean varieties against gibberellin concentration. The study was conducted in Sampecita Village, Kutalimbaru District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, which was carried out from November 2024 to January 2025. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) experimental design consisting of 2 treatments, namely varieties (Dering 1, Dega 1 and Devon 1) and gibberellin immersion, namely: 0 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm and 60 ppm which were repeated 3 times. The research data were analyzed and continued with the Duncan's mean difference test (DMRT). The results of the study showed that soybean crop production by variety showed a significant effect on the parameters of the number of pods per sample, the number of pods per plot and had no significant effect on the parameters of seed weight per sample, seed weight per plot and weight of 100 seeds. The gibberellin treatment and the interaction of the two showed no significant effect on all parameters.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ariani Syahfitri Harahap, Suryani Sajar; Windri Yani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Designing a Qualitative Case Study Methodology to Map the Information Systems Development Process in Distributed Digital Communities
Conventional information system development approaches, such as SDLC and Agile, are insufficient for comprehending development processes that transpire beyond organized corporate settings. A prevalent phenomenon is system development propelled by decentralized communities, driven by voluntary engagement and autonomous collaboration. This paper provides a qualitative case study methodology framework aimed at mapping information systems development processes within distributed digital communities. This paradigm amalgamates diverse data collecting methodologies, including comprehensive interviews and digital content analysis, with systematic analytical strategies such as Grounded Theory. We contend that this methodology is adept at facilitating a profound comprehension of the dynamics, obstacles, and determinants influencing IS development in a non-hierarchical environment. This paper's primary contribution is a novel methodological approach designed to assist academics in efficiently investigating and constructing theories regarding the distinctive process of information systems development within informal organizational contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Supina Batubara, Eko Hariyanto; Hanifa Balqis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Motivational Mediation in the Influence of Organizational Culture on the Work Discipline of Civil Servants at the Regional Secretariat of Langkat Regency
This study aims to find out how the influence of organizational culture on achievement motivation, the influence of organizational culture on work discipline, the influence of achievement motivation on work discipline, the mediation of achievement motivation on organizational culture on the work discipline of civil servant employees in the Regional Secretariat of Lalat Regency. The population in this study is all civil servants at the Regional Secretariat of Langkat Regency which totals 146 employees. The number of samples taken was 60 respondents calculated using the Slovin formula. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. This research will be conducted in 2024. This study uses quantitative data processed with SPSS 24.0 with a path analysis model. The results of the study show that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on achievement motivation, organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on work discipline, achievement motivation has a positive and significant effect on work discipline and achievement motivation mediates the influence of organizational culture on the work discipline of civil servants in the Langkat Regency Regional Secretariat.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Aswan Waruwu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integration of Islamic Spiritual Values in Character Education to Shape Students’ Positive Behavior
This paper explores the integration of Islamic spiritual values into character education as a strategic approach to shaping students’ positive behavior in the modern educational context. The increasing moral challenges faced by students today, such as declining discipline, respect, and social responsibility, require a transformative educational model rooted in strong spiritual foundations. This study applies a qualitative descriptive method through literature review and case study analysis in secondary schools to examine how Islamic spiritual valuessuch as honesty, humility, respect, and responsibility are internalized in the learning process. The findings indicate that when character education is strengthened by Islamic spirituality, it not only improves students’ behavioral discipline but also enhances their sense of morality and social harmony. Furthermore, this integration provides an alternative educational model that is relevant to global discourse on values-based education. The study contributes to the international discussion on character building by offering insights from the perspective of Islamic spirituality, which can enrich comparative educational research and practices worldwide.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kamil, Zulfi Imran; Wahyu Afandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Model Predictive Analysis of Performance in Training and Course Institutions Using Naive Bayes and K-Means Clustering
The performance of course and training institutions (LKP) is a crucial factor in determining the quality of non-formal education in Indonesia. Performance assessments are currently conducted manually using the National Accreditation Board for Non-Formal Education (BAN-PNF) assessment instrument, which is time-consuming and prone to subjectivity. This research aims to develop a predictive analysis model for the performance of course and training institutions using a combination of the Naive Bayes and K-Means Clustering methods. The K-Means Clustering method is used to group institutions based on similar characteristics across key variables such as trainers, infrastructure, curriculum, management, and graduate outcomes. These clustering results are then used as additional features for the Naive Bayes classification model to predict performance categories (high, medium, or low). Testing of 150 institutions' data showed a predictive accuracy of 89.2%, with three main clusters representing high-, medium-, and low-performing institutions. This model has the potential to become a data-driven tool for governments and institutions to conduct performance evaluations quickly, objectively, and adaptively to changes in training data.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Iqbal, Eko Budianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Aminuddin Indra Permana, Hanna Willa Dhany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Financial Inclusion in Human Development: Evidence from Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the role of the financial sector in shaping human development in Indonesia, with particular emphasis on financial inclusion and fintech lending. The analysis employs panel data covering 32 provinces over the period 2019–2023 and applies a dynamic panel System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-GMM) approach to address potential endogeneity issues. The estimation results indicate that the Human Development Index (HDI) exhibits strong persistence, as past HDI levels have a positive and statistically significant effect on current HDI. Furthermore, financial inclusion is found to exert a positive and significant impact on HDI, suggesting that greater access to formal financial services contributes to improvements in education, health outcomes, and living standards. In contrast, fintech lending does not show a statistically significant effect on HDI. This finding suggests that the contribution of fintech to human development remains conditional on regulatory quality, financial literacy, and a stronger orientation toward productive financing. Overall, the study provides important policy implications for strengthening an inclusive financial system to support sustainable human development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dwita Sakuntala, Arsyaf Tampubolon; Mila Yulia Herosian, Dewi Mahrani Rangkuty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Competency Based Career Development Strategies to Enhance Readiness and Capability of Generation Z Employees
This study examines the effect of Competency-Based Career Development (CBD) on Employee Readiness (ER) and Employee Capabilities (EC) among 120 Generation Z employees. The research aims to investigate how structured competency-focused career strategies influence employees’ preparedness and skill development in the workplace. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results show that CBD has a significant and positive effect on both ER and EC, with R² values of 0.57 and 0.62, respectively, indicating moderate to strong explanatory power. Furthermore, the findings highlight that enhancing employee readiness through competency-based development also strengthens overall capability. This study confirms that implementing competency-based career development strategies is an effective approach to improve both individual career growth and organizational performance, particularly for Generation Z employees.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eli Delvi Yanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Early Childhood Sex Education in an Islamic Perspective
This study aims to examine the importance of sex education for early childhood in the Islamic perspective, as a preventive effort against deviant behavior and as a foundation for character building from an early age. The method used is a literature review by analyzing relevant sources, including the Qur’an, Hadith, as well as the views of scholars and Islamic education experts. The results indicate that sex education for young children should be provided gradually, in accordance with their developmental stages, and delivered through approaches that align with Islamic values. In Islam, sex education is not merely biological knowledge, but also encompasses moral, ethical, and spiritual aspects. In conclusion, Islamic-based sex education provides a comprehensive foundation to preserve children's natural disposition (fitrah), protect them from negative environmental influences, and instill an awareness of self-respect from an early age. The implication of this study is expected to serve as a reference for parents, educators, and educational institutions in designing early childhood sex education strategies based on Islamic principles.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rika Widya, Munisa; Amanda Soraya Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Strengthening Human Capital Through Digital Transformation: a Creative Village Framework for Sustainable Creative Economy Growth in Langkat Regency
The rapid expansion of Indonesia’s creative economy highlights the urgency of accelerating digital transformation, especially in rural regions such as Langkat Regency, which possesses strong cultural, creative, and human capital potential but remains constrained by limited digital infrastructure, low digital literacy, and fragmented creative ecosystem development. This study proposes a Creative Village Framework that positions digital transformation as a strategic enabler for strengthening human capital and fostering sustainable creative economy growth. Using a mixed-method approach that integrates digital capability assessments, stakeholder interviews, and community-based creative mapping, this research identifies key factors driving successful digital adoption among creative actors, particularly MSMEs, youth communities, and cultural groups in Langkat. The findings show that enhanced digital skills, improved access to digital platforms, and structured ecosystem governance significantly increase creative productivity, innovation, and market expansion. Furthermore, the proposed framework demonstrates that human capital development—through digital literacy, creative skills upgrading, and collaborative knowledge-sharing—acts as a critical mediating mechanism linking digital transformation to sustainable creative economy outcomes. This study contributes theoretically by refining the discourse on digital-rural development and offering an integrated model applicable to emerging economies. Practically, it provides a policy blueprint for local governments to accelerate digital creative village development, stimulate inclusive growth, and position Langkat Regency as a competitive creative hub within North Sumatra.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rindi Andika, Nova Maya Sari; Rizal P Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of Content Management with Search Engine Optimization on the Aptikom North Sumatra Website
In the digital era, Search Engine Optimization (SEO) has become a crucial element in enhancing the visibility and accessibility of a website on search engines such as Google. For APTIKOM North Sumatra, an optimized website plays an essential role in disseminating information, strengthening communication among members, and increasing public engagement. However, the primary challenge lies in the lack of an SEO-based content management strategy, including suboptimal keyword usage, poorly structured content, and limited implementation of both on-page and off-page SEO techniques. This study aims to explore how the implementation of an SEO-driven content management strategy can improve the visibility and user interaction on the APTIKOM North Sumatra website.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rian Farta Wijaya, Zulfahmi Syahputra; Khairul, Iwan Purnama, Rio Septian Hardinata, Aldi Alvin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Coffee Marketing Analysis in Sigarang-garang Village, Karo Regency
This study aims to determine the marketing channels, margins, and efficiency of coffee marketing in Sigarang-garang Village, Karo Regency. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with farmers, collectors, and wholesalers to determine the structure of the coffee marketing channel. The results indicate that the marketing channel in the study area is a single-level channel, involving one intermediary, namely the collector. The marketing margin value for the collector is IDR 3,000/kg, while for wholesalers it reaches IDR 53,000/kg. Coffee marketing efficiency in Sigarang-garang Village was recorded at 3.04%, indicating efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Mahareni Br Sitepu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Islamic Religious Education in Building Inclusive and Tolerant Character in Educational Institutions
This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in building inclusive and tolerant character in educational institutions. This study uses library research methods with a descriptive-analytical approach through a search of literature, scientific books, journals, educational regulations, and research reports related to the implementation of inclusive education and religious moderation. The results show that PAI has a significant contribution in fostering the values ​​of tolerance, empathy, respect for differences, and strengthening moderate attitudes in students through the internalization of Islamic values ​​rahmatan lil 'alamin. This role is realized through the integration of a curriculum based on religious moderation, the application of dialogic and collaborative learning methods, the exemplary role models of teachers as religious-humanist, and the development of an inclusive school culture. The research findings confirm that Islamic Religious Education functions not only as a transfer of theological knowledge, but also as an instrument for developing humanistic and adaptive character to social plurality. Thus, PAI has strategic potential in creating a generation that is religious, tolerant, and ready to live side by side in a multicultural society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ismaraidha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Influence of Leadership, Non-Physical Work Environment, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance: An Empirical Study at Budi Gadai Medan Branch
This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership, non-physical work environment, and job satisfaction on employee performance at PT Budi Gadai Medan Branch. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method through questionnaires. The research population consisted of all 65 permanent employees from 21 outlets. The sampling technique used saturated sampling, where the entire population was sampled. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS 24. The results showed that leadership, non-physical work environment, and job satisfaction had a positive and significant effect both partially and simultaneously on employee performance. The job satisfaction variable was the most dominant factor with the highest t-value of 3.461. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.889 indicates that 88.9% of the variation in employee performance can be explained by the three independent variables.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siswa Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transformation of Wedding Invitations Through Augmented Reality With Android-Based 3d Models
This research focuses on the development of an Augmented Reality (AR)-based wedding invitation application with a 3D model that can be accessed via Android devices. This application transforms traditional invitation cards into interactive media by displaying the bride and groom in three dimensions, which can be rotated, enlarged, and accompanied by music and other additional features. The system is built using Unity 3D, Vuforia SDK, and Character Creator 3, and implements a marker-based tracking method to detect markers on invitation cards. This research aims to enhance the visual experience and efficiency of sending invitations, while offering an environmentally friendly alternative by reducing dependence on physical printed materials. Test results show that this application has a high success rate in detecting markers, with an accuracy of 99%, and provides an adequate interactive experience for users.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dedi Purwanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis Factors Affecting Service Quality With Employee Engagement as Moderating Factor (Case Study in Public Services In Rural Government)
This study aims to analyze the factors that influence service quality in rural government public services and examine the moderating role of employee engagement. Data were collected from 100 village government employees representing administrative, public service, and licensing divisions. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the findings indicate that employee competence, organizational support, and facility availability have significant positive effects on service quality. Employee engagement was found to moderate the relationship between employee competence and service quality, strengthening the positive effect of competence on service outcomes. However, employee engagement only showed marginal moderation on organizational support and did not moderate the relationship between facility availability and service quality. The model explains 64.2% of the variance in service quality, suggesting strong predictive relevance. This study highlights the importance of employee competence, organizational support, and psychological engagement in improving rural public service quality. The results provide practical implications for rural governments to prioritize employee development, enhance organizational support systems, and cultivate engagement-driven work environments to improve service delivery and strengthen public trust.
Copyright (c) 2025 Emi Wakhyuni, Abdi Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Social Audit as an Evaluation Instrument for Productive Waqf Programs in Empowering MSMEs: A Literature Review
Productive waqf is one of the Islamic economic instruments that has great potential in empowering micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). However, the effectiveness of productive waqf programs is often constrained by weak social accountability mechanisms and performance evaluation. Social audit as a non-financial evaluative approach can be an important instrument to assess the extent to which productive waqf management is able to provide social and economic impact to society. This article aims to examine the concepts, principles, and application of social auditing in the context of productive waqf oriented towards MSME empowerment. The method used is a systematic literature study of previous studies, regulations, and theories related to social auditing, accountability, and waqf management. The results of the study show that social auditing plays a role in strengthening transparency, increasing community participation, and measuring the social success of productive waqf programs. This article also offers a conceptual framework of maqashid sharia values-based social auditing to evaluate the social performance of nadzirs and the impact of waqf on MSMEs. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for waqf institutions in developing a more comprehensive and equitable evaluation system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Heriyati Chrisna, Yani Suryani; Lukman Hakim Siregar, Hernawaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Mapping of Village Potential and The Application of Audit In Red and White Cooperatives : A Literature Review
This study aims to analyze the role of the Red and White Cooperative in strengthening village economic development through the identification of village potential and the application of audit as a governance instrument. The study was conducted using the literature study method by searching national and international journals related to cooperatives, village potential, and audit practices in community-based businesses. The results of the study show that the existence of the Red and White Cooperative has the potential to be a local economic driver based on mutual cooperation, in line with village community empowerment efforts and the national development agenda. Identification of village potential includes mapping natural resources, human resources, local wisdom, infrastructure, and market opportunities that can be directed to become village superior products. In addition, audits in cooperatives have an important role in assessing performance, identifying risks, strengthening accountability, and increasing public trust in cooperative management. These findings confirm that the success of the Red and White Cooperative in supporting village economic development is highly dependent on the ability to comprehensively map local potential as well as the implementation of systematic and professional supervision and audit mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2025 Handriyani Dwilita, Pipit Buana Sari; Puteri Keshya Adisty Sasmita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development Of Organizational Communication Model In Member Meetings To Increase Participation And Concern Of Members At Pkbm Rumah Hijau Medan
Community service with the title “Development of an Organizational Communication Model in Members' Meetings to Increase Member Participation and Concern at PKBM Rumah Hijau Medan” aims to create an effective and participatory organizational communication system to support the performance of PKBM Rumah Hijau Medan. The background of this activity is the low level of participation and concern among members in the decision-making process and organizational activities. The methods used include initial observation, interviews with administrators and members, as well as conducting training and mentoring in designing an organizational communication model that fits the needs of the institution. This activity also includes the preparation of a more interactive members' meeting mechanism, the use of internal communication media, and the implementation of participatory communication strategies. The activity results show an increase in members' understanding of their roles and responsibilities, as well as increased participation in meetings and PKBM programs. In addition, the management gained practical guidance on managing meetings and conveying information more effectively. This program is expected to serve as a pilot model for other non-formal educational institutions to build a culture of open, inclusive, and collaborative communication, ensuring the sustainability of the organization and having a positive impact on the empowerment of the surrounding community
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurhalima Tambunan, Rita Nofianti; Hasan Basri, Sumini Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Model for Empowering Women in Strengthening Village Fund Oversight Systems to Prevent Corruption
This paper examines the development of a community-based empowerment model that enhances the role of women—particularly mothers—in strengthening oversight mechanisms for village fund management as a strategy to prevent corruption. Village funds, which play a crucial role in supporting rural development in Indonesia, remain vulnerable to misappropriation due to limited transparency, weak institutional controls, and low community participation in monitoring processes. Women, as influential actors in both household and community spheres, possess significant potential to contribute to corruption prevention through social oversight, advocacy, and participatory decision-making in village governance. Using a qualitative approach supported by literature review and case analysis, this study identifies key components of an empowerment model, including capacity building, digital literacy training, community monitoring groups, and integration of women’s voices in village deliberation forums. The findings highlight that empowering women not only increases transparency and accountability but also fosters a culture of integrity at the grassroots level. This study concludes that strengthening women’s participation can serve as an effective tool for improving village fund governance and reducing the risk of corruption in rural communities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nana Kartika, Rahul Ardian Fikri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Determinants of Unemployment and Poverty in North Sumatra Province: A 2007–2022 Analysis
This study analyzes the determinants of poverty in North Sumatra Province from 2007 to 2022, focusing on unemployment, population growth, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), education, and minimum wages. Poverty remains a persistent development challenge in Indonesia, and North Sumatra is among the provinces with a relatively high poverty rate despite experiencing economic growth. Using secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), this study applies factor analysis followed by multiple linear regression to identify the most influential variables affecting poverty. The results indicate that four factors—population, GRDP, education level, and minimum wage—form the strongest determinants among the variables tested. Regression results show that population, GRDP, education, and minimum wages significantly affect poverty levels in North Sumatra, whereas the unemployment rate does not show a significant effect during the study period. These findings highlight the crucial role of human capital, economic performance, and labor income policies in alleviating regional poverty. The study provides policy implications for provincial governments to prioritize education expansion, stabilize economic growth, and strengthen wage regulations to improve household welfare.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anggia Ramadhan, Uswatun Hasanah; Eka Herlina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Synchronous Reluctance Machines in the Energy Transition: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Electric Vehicles
The global energy transition necessitates the decarbonization of the transportation sector through vehicle electrification. However, the dominance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) presents sustainability challenges due to their reliance on rare-earth materials. This article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of Synchronous Reluctance Machines (SynRMs) as rare-earth-free alternatives for future electric vehicles. By synthesizing findings from Scopus-indexed journals, IEEE publications, and industry reports spanning 2020–2025, the review evaluates advancements in rotor design, control strategies, energy efficiency, and technological readiness of SynRMs within the context of energy transition. The results indicate that SynRMs offer high efficiency, a simplified structure, and significant potential for reducing environmental impact. Nonetheless, challenges remain in torque control, thermal management, and full-scale validation. The review also identifies research gaps and outlines future innovation pathways, including the development of Ferrite-Assisted SynRMs and AI-based control algorithms. These findings contribute strategically to the advancement of sustainable electric motor technologies and support the global agenda for net-zero emissions..
Copyright (c) 2025 Parlin Siagian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Power Losses in 6.3 Kv Step Down Transformers at PT. Permata Group
This study analyzes power losses in a 6.3 kV step-down transformer with a capacity of 4,000 kVA at PT Permata Group, which distributes energy from the medium voltage system to the low voltage system. The analysis is based on nameplate data and field measurements, covering core losses (P₀), copper losses (Pcu), efficiency, and the effect of harmonics. The results show an increase in copper losses from 32,000 W to 32,080 W and core losses from 4,500 W to 5,200 W. The THD current value of 5.0% is still in accordance with the IEEE 519-2014 standard (≤8%). Maximum efficiency was achieved at 80% load with an actual value of 99.13%, slightly lower than the nameplate value of 99.17%. The transformer's condition was found to be very good and can serve as a reference for predictive maintenance and industrial power quality evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Daendi Sihombing, Parlin Siagian; Muhammad Ervandi Dalimunte https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Application of the Law for Inmates Escaping from Tanjung Gusta Prison Reviewed from the Aspect of Criminal Law in Indonesia
Correctional Institutions as a place or means of coaching, rehabilitation, and reintegration Correctional Assisted Residents. A prisoner as a fostered citizen is a person who is convicted in the Correctional Institution (Lapas) based on a court decision that has obtained permanent lega force. In fact, the maintenance of the social system is also not avoid obstacles, one of which is when there are inmates who escape or occur Prisoner escape. So based on the provisions of Article 10 paragraph (3) Jo. Article 9 paragraph (4) Permenkumham article 6 of 2013, prisoners whoescape will be subject to sanctions in the form of disciplinary punishment with a severe category, namely being put in solitary confinement and delay or denial of certain rights as a prisoner. The study covers two problems that are of main concern, namely the causative factors inmates escaped from the Class 1 Correctional Institution ATanjung Gusta Medan, and efforts made by the Tanjung Gusta Medan Class I A Correctional Institution against escaped inmates. The purpose of this research is to examine the application of the law carried out by the Officer. Tanjung Gusta Correctional Institution against escaped inmates. This research using empirical juridical research methods by conducting case studies at the Class I A Correctional Facility Tanjung Gusta Medan. The results of the study showed that the factors that caused prisoners to escape came from intentions from the prisoners, and there is an opportunity for the prisoner to escape. For inmates who are the inmates of the Class I A Tanjung Gusta Medan Correctional Institution who fleeing will be subject to disciplinary sanctions and denial of certain rights as Inmate
Copyright (c) 2025 Athalariq Gilang Praditya, Muhammad Arif Sahlepi; Sumarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation of Jinayat Law in the Context of Indonesian Criminal Law in Aceh
The province of Aceh is the only region in Indonesia that has been given special authority to formally implement Islamic law, as stipulated in Law No. 44 of 1999 and reinforced by Law No. 11 of 2006 on the Government of Aceh. Qanun Jinayat, as local Islamic criminal law, was passed through Qanun No. 6 of 2014, replacing the three previous qanuns. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Jinayat law in the national criminal law system and assess its role in responding to the legal needs of the Acehnese people, especially the Muslim community. The methods used are a legal-normative and sociological approach, with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies and limited interviews. The results of the study show that although Jinayat law fills a void in local law enforcement, there are still challenges in harmonizing it with human rights principles and the national legal system. Therefore, institutional strengthening and public education are strategic steps to ensure overall justice and legal effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Arya Syandika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Examining the Relationship Between Individual Characteristics and Work Ethic at the Dairi Panwaslu Office
This study aims to analyze the influence of Individual Characteristics on Work Ethic among employees at the Panwaslu Office of Dairi Regency. The research was motivated by the importance of strengthening employee work ethic through personal attributes that support organizational performance, particularly in the context of supervisory institutions that demand high integrity and responsibility. The study employed a quantitative explanatory design with a saturated sampling technique, involving the entire population of 35 employees as respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS 25.0, including validity and reliability tests, descriptive statistics, regression analysis, the coefficient of determination (R²), and t-tests. The results of the descriptive analysis revealed that both variables were rated highly, with a mean of 4.52 for Individual Characteristics and 4.23 for Work Ethic, indicating positive perceptions among employees. The instrument testing confirmed that all items were valid, while reliability was demonstrated with Cronbach’s Alpha values of 0.87 and 0.81, exceeding the minimum threshold of 0.60. Regression analysis produced the equation Y = -0.056 + 0.977X, showing that Individual Characteristics significantly and positively affect Work Ethic (B = 0.977, t = 8.875, p = 0.000). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.904) indicates that 90.4% of the variance in Work Ethic is explained by Individual Characteristics. In conclusion, the findings confirm that Individual Characteristics have a strong and significant influence on Work Ethic. This implies that personal attributes play a crucial role in shaping employees’ work behavior. Strengthening positive individual characteristics can therefore serve as a strategic approach to improving employee performance and organizational outcomes at the Panwaslu Office of Dairi Regency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Ampe Lestari, Mesra B. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Regional Taxes and Regional Retributions on the Locally Generated Revenue of Medan City
This study aims to analyze the influence of regional taxes and regional retributions on Locally Generated Revenue (PAD) in Medan City. The implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia grants local governments the authority to manage their own financial resources, with local taxes and retributions serving as key components of regional income. This study employs a quantitative associative method using secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of North Sumatra for the period 2021–2024. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that both regional taxes and regional retributions have a positive and significant effect on PAD. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening tax collection systems and optimizing retribution management to enhance regional fiscal capacity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sheila Nur Aulia, Vina Arnita; Dito Aditia Darma Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Leadership and Employee Engagement on Non-ASN Employee Retention Through Work Motivation as a Mediating Variable at Dinas Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman Kota Binjai
This study examines the influence of leadership and employee engagement on the retention of Non-ASN employees, with work motivation as a mediating variable at Dinas Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman Kota Binjai. The findings reveal that leadership and employee engagement both significantly enhance work motivation. Work motivation, in turn, has a direct positive effect on employee retention. Leadership and employee engagement also show significant direct effects on retention, indicating that supportive leadership practices and meaningful employee involvement strengthen employees' intention to remain in the organization. Additionally, work motivation mediates the relationships between leadership and retention as well as between employee engagement and retention. Overall, the study highlights the importance of effective leadership, strong employee engagement, and sustained work motivation in improving Non-ASN employee retention and enhancing organizational performance in the public sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ade Febri Pratiwi, M. Chaerul Rizky; Darmilisani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Delay Timing and Pick-Up Current Determination on Overcurrent Relay Based on MATLAB Simulation
Overcurrent relay (OCR) is one of the important protection systems in the electricity distribution network, which functions to detect excess current and cut off the electricity flow to prevent equipment damage and reduce the area of disturbance. Determining the parameters of pick-up current and delay time is very crucial so that the protection coordination between the circuit breaker and the recloser can work selectively. In this study, an analysis of determining the OCR setting on the SN.03 ULP Medan Denai Feeder was carried out using MATLAB simulation. The data used includes the peak load of the feeder of 215 A at night, as well as the initial settings of the Micom P142 and Schneider relays with CT ratios of 800/5 and 1000/1, respectively. Simulations were carried out to re-evaluate the pick-up current and delay time settings based on the characteristics of the load and optimal protection coordination. The simulation results show that resetting the pick-up current and delay time provides more responsive and selective protection performance in dealing with overcurrent disturbances.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jerry Sihite, Siti Anisah; Pristisal Wibowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of the Integrated Utility Network Policy on the Urban Aesthetics of Medan City
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Integrated Utility Network (SJUT) policy in improving the urban aesthetics of Medan City. The method used is a combination of descriptive qualitative and light quantitative approaches through interviews, observations, and surveys involving 100 respondents across four main urban corridors. The findings show that the implementation of SJUT improves the visual order of urban space, reduces visual disturbances caused by overhead cables, and strengthens policy integration toward Medan Smart City development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fadli Azhari, Cut Nuraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Exhaust Gas Utilization at Belawan Gas Turbine Power Plant (PLTG) Lot 3 to Improve Efficiency through a Combined Cycle System with a Steam Turbine
This study analyzes the utilization of the exhaust gas from the Belawan Lot 3 gas turbine (GTPP) via a single‑pressure Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) to improve plant efficiency and reduce emissions in line with Indonesia’s NZE 2060 target. The reference HRSG design adopts T_gas,in = 537 °C, p_drum = 93 barA (T_sat ≈ 306 °C), pinch point (PP) = 10 °C, feedwater = 135 °C, and main steam at 510 °C @ 83 barA. The methodology covers characterization of the flue gas, segment‑wise HRSG energy balances (superheater/evaporator and economizer), estimation of steam turbine power, and calculation of plant efficiency and specific CO₂ intensity. Results indicate a steam flow rate of 59.97 kg/s (~215.88 t/h), with 122.4 MWth recovered in the evaporator+superheater and 48.6 MWth in the economizer, totaling 171.1 MWth. The predicted stack temperature is ~228 °C, safely above the acid dew point for HSD fuel (~160 °C). The HRSG steam can drive the steam turbine generator to produce 48.42 MW, raising overall plant efficiency from 31.30% (simple cycle) to 48.34% (combined cycle) at the same fuel flow. Furthermore, the combined‑cycle integration reduces the electrical CO₂ intensity from 0.852 to 0.552 kg/kWh (≈35% reduction). These findings confirm the technical feasibility of integrating the PLTG Belawan Lot 3 exhaust with the PLTU Belawan Unit 4 to enhance plant efficiency while lowering specific emissions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arighi Denny Saputra, Pristisal Wibowo; Siti Anisah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Understanding the Meaning of Competence and Work Environment in Shaping Civil Servants’ Motivation and Performance: a Phenomenological Study at the Regional Secretariat of Tebing Tinggi City
This study aims to explore and understand the meaning of competence and work environment in shaping the motivation and performance of civil servants at the Regional Secretariat of Tebing Tinggi City. Using a phenomenological approach, this research seeks to capture the real experiences and perceptions of employees regarding how their competencies and workplace conditions influence their work motivation and overall performance. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation analysis involving selected civil servants as key informants. The findings reveal that competence is perceived not only as technical ability but also as moral commitment and adaptability in public service. Meanwhile, a supportive work environment characterized by leadership attention, collaboration, and adequate facilities significantly strengthens employee motivation. Motivation, in turn, becomes the driving force that connects competence and work environment with performance outcomes. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of human resource development in the public sector by emphasizing the experiential and contextual dimensions of employee performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Afriyani Damanik, Sri Rahayu; Kiki Farida Ferine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluation of Information Technology Governance Using the Cobit 5 Framework at Putra Abadi University Langkat
Information Technology (IT) governance plays an important role because IT is now not only a supporting factor, but also a strategic element in improving efficiency and supporting the achievement of organizational goals. Universitas Putra Abadi Langkat (UNIPAL) has utilized various IT-based systems such as Academic Information Systems and E-Learning to support the institution's main processes. However, the results of interviews indicate challenges in the implementation and oversight of IT, insufficient optimization of resources, and an imbalance between investment costs and the results obtained. This study aims to assess the level of IT governance capability at UNIPAL using the COBIT 5 framework because this framework emphasizes resource optimization, in line with institutional needs. The evaluation was conducted on 16 relevant COBIT 5 domains, including EDM02, EDM04, APO01, APO07, BAI01, DSS01, and MEA01. The analysis results show that all domains are at Level 1 (Partially Achieved), except for APO01, which reaches the Largely Achieved category, although overall it remains at Level 1. The average capability level obtained is 0.30315 (30.315%). Although basic practices (Base Practice) are mostly running well, evidence of documentation (Work Product) is generally not available. The expected target is Level 2, resulting in a gap of 1.69685. Therefore, it is recommended that UNIPAL strengthen documentation, establish formal policies, and improve IT oversight and utilization to achieve a more optimal level of capability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amran Manalu, Zulham Sitorus; Rian Farta Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Complementary Therapy Based on Maggots to Improve Nutrition in Toddlers: A Nursing Approach
Complementary therapy using maggot therapy has recently emerged as a novel approach to improving child nutrition, particularly in malnourished toddlers. This approach integrates the therapeutic use of maggots with nursing interventions to address the nutritional deficiencies commonly observed in early childhood. Malnutrition in toddlers is a critical issue, affecting growth, cognitive development, and overall health. While conventional treatments focus primarily on dietary interventions and supplementation, complementary therapies like maggot therapy have demonstrated potential in promoting wound healing and enhancing nutrient absorption, especially in cases of protein-energy malnutrition. Maggot therapy, a practice that involves the controlled use of sterile larvae, has been traditionally applied in wound care but is now being explored for its broader applications in nutritional rehabilitation. The larvae stimulate tissue regeneration, reduce infection, and facilitate better absorption of nutrients, which are crucial for a child's growsth. This nursing approach involves the holistic care of the child, combining nutritional assessment, therapy, and continuous monitoring to ensure optimal health outcomes. This paper explores the integration of maggot-based therapy into nursing practices for malnourished children, examining its impact on nutritional improvement, healing processes, and overall health. It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary approaches, including nursing care, to address the complex needs of malnourished children. Through this innovative therapeutic approach, the potential to reduce malnutrition and its associated risks is significantly enhanced, offering a promising adjunct to conventional treatments for improving child nutrition and health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Srinur Nilawati, Ardianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of Balance Exercise on Reducing The Risk of Falls in The ElderlyEffect of Balance Exercise on Reducing The Risk of Falls in The Elderly
Health levels are influenced by many factors, one of which is the decline or physical changes that occur in the musculoskeletal system, namely reduced muscle mass, stiffness of connective tissue and osteoporosis. This can cause decreased muscle strength, especially lower extremity muscles, physical endurance, and coordination as well as limited mobility in the elderly. Reduced muscle strength and loss of balance put the elderly at a very high risk of falling, which can cause injury, reduced mobility, decreased independence, self-confidence and lifestyle changes and even death in the elderly. Prevention is the first step that must be taken, because if a fall occurs, complications can arise, even minor ones can be serious. Falls can be prevented by improving environmental conditions deemed unsafe, identifying risk factors, assessing balance and gait, and providing balance training. Balance exercises are a series of movements performed to improve static and dynamic balance by stretching and strengthening. Balance training is aimed at improving the vestibular system, or body balance. Balance exercises are very useful for empowering the elderly to optimize their abilities and avoid the risk of falls. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of body balance exercise on reducing the risk of falls in the elderly in Teluk Village in 2024. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design study with a One Group Pretest and Posttest design, using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. A sample of 32 respondents with a total sampling technique. The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon sign rank test. From the results of the statistical test, it was obtained p value = 0.000 (α = 0.05), thus p value < from α so that Ho is rejected. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of Balance Exercise (Balance Training) of the Body on Reducing the Risk of Falls in the Elderly in Teluk Village.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Saodah, Endam Apulina Br. Sembiring; dr. Ari Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Cucumber Juice on Reducing Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients at Dr. RM Djoelham Hospital in Binjai in 2024
Hypertension or high blood pressure is an increase in blood pressure in the arteries. Where hyper which means excessive, and tension which means pressure / tension, so hypertension is a disorder of the circulatory system which causes an increase in blood pressure above normal values. This type of research is a correlation study using a quasi-experimental study design. The aim of the research is to find out the effect of giving cucumber juice on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients at RSUD Dr RM Djoelham Binjai in 2022. In this study the sampling technique used was to take 20% of the total The existing population is the number of samples of 60 people. The results of testing the hypothesis to see the relationship between variables X and Y are with a significant level (α) = 5% (0.05) and df = 1 taken p.value = 0.044 at df = 1 where sig < (α) (0.044 <0.05) then H0 is rejected so it means that there is an effect of giving cucumber juice to reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients at Dr. RM Djoelham Binjai in 2024. The results of this study are expected to motivate patients about the effects of hypertension and cucumber juice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nanarita, Nurhasanah; Sucipratiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0