Analysis of Drop Voltage in Low Voltage Network (JTR) 380/220 Volt Distribution Substation of PT PLN (Persero) ULP Tanah Jawa

Abstract

One of the reliability requirements of the electric power distribution system that must be met for service to consumers is good and stable voltage quality. Most loads have a lagging power factor and basically at peak load times, the reactive power required by the load increases and can be greater than that generated by the system. Voltage changes are basically caused by the relationship between voltage and reactive power. The voltage drop across a conductor is proportional to the reactive power flowing across the conductor. Within ± 2 years (2022-2024), the addition of a significant load to the distribution substation, especially PT PLN (Persero) Tanah Jawa, does not take into account the cross-sectional area of the conductor. This has an impact on consumers, where there is a difference between the initial voltage (220 V) and the final voltage (211 V) with a conductor length of ± 1.95 km, the voltage regulation that occurs in the house connection of this channel is 1.6%. The results of the load flow calculation using 25 mm2 and 16 mm2 AAAC cable channels, there is a voltage drop of 2.86÷3.52 Volts on all buses, the voltage regulation for all buses is above 1%. Based on (SPLN No. 56-1, 1993), the allowable voltage drop tolerance at the house connection (SR) is 1% of the nominal voltage, thus all nodes or buses have exceeded the maximum allowable tolerance limit. The results of the power flow calculation (load flow) after replacement using 35 mm2 AAAC and 25 mm2 SR channel cables, there is a voltage drop of 0.22÷0.3 Volts on all buses, the voltage regulation for all buses is below 1%