The Use of Bioorganic Fertilizers to Improve the Quality of Pakcoy Plants (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) and Support Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Research on the use of Bioorganic fertilizer was conducted in Buttu Atas land, Panei District, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra from November 2025 to December 2025. This study aims to determine what content is contained in the use of Bioorganic on the growth and production of pak choy plants. This bioorganic fertilizer contains agricultural waste such as cocoa waste, coffee grounds, bran, palm bunch ash, and a mixture of beneficial microorganisms.

The provision of bioorganic fertilizer containing many elements needed by plants in addition to containing microorganisms is one factor in increasing the availability of nutrients for plants so that it can increase plant height growth and increase production. Palm bunch ash contains high K elements that play a role in increasing nutrient absorption and play a role in respiration, transpiration, enzyme activity and carbohydrate translocation that can help in the growth of stem diameter. Coffee grounds contain 2.28% Nitrogen, 0.06% Phosphorus and 0.6 Potassium. The pH of coffee grounds is slightly acidic, which is around 6.2 on the pH scale. Coffee grounds contain magnesium, sulfur, and calcium, which are beneficial for plant growth. Other waste products, such as bran and palm ash, also contain NPK, which is beneficial for plants.