Criminal Liability for Torture in Prisons (A Study of Langkat Youth Prison)
Keywords:
Criminal Liability, Public Service Oversight, Torture, Human Rights.Abstract
The transformation of the correctional system in Indonesia through Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections emphasizes a paradigm shift from a repressive approach toward a rehabilitative system oriented to rehabilitation, social reintegration, and respect for human rights. However, in practice, correctional institutions continue to face various structural challenges such as overcrowding, limited human resources, and weak oversight mechanisms, which may give rise to acts of violence or torture against inmates. This study aims to analyze the forms of criminal liability for acts of torture within correctional institutions and to examine the role of public service oversight systems in preventing such practices, particularly at the Langkat Youth Correctional Institution. This research employs an empirical juridical (socio-legal) approach using qualitative analysis methods through literature review, statutory analysis, and examination of empirical data related to oversight practices within correctional institutions. The findings indicate that acts of torture against inmates may result in criminal liability for the officers involved if the elements of unlawful conduct, fault, and consequences causing physical or mental suffering to the victims are fulfilled. Furthermore, public service oversight systems play a strategic role in preventing torture practices through the strengthening of internal supervision, the establishment of independent complaint mechanisms, and the involvement of external oversight institutions.
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