Towards Smart Schools: Optimizing School Management through Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics
Keywords:
Smart School, School Management, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Data-Driven Decision Making.Abstract
AbstractDigital transformation is driving schools to shift from conventional management patterns towards more strategic, data-based governance. This article aims to analyze how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data can be optimized to support school management in moving towards the concept of a smart school. A descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review design is employed, through the exploration and synthesis of various studies related to data-driven decision making, the application of AI and Big Data in education, school leadership in the digital era, as well as data governance and AI ethics. The findings indicate that AI and Big Data have the potential to reposition the role of school management from merely handling administrative routines to becoming strategic, evidence-based decision makers. Analytic systems enable more comprehensive monitoring of academic performance, attendance, teacher workload, and the utilization of facilities, and also support predictive analysis for early intervention for at-risk students. However, implementation in practice still faces structural challenges (limited infrastructure and system integration) and normative challenges (privacy, data security, and ethical use of AI. This article recommends strengthening vision and data culture at the school level, improving data and AI literacy for school leaders and teachers, developing clear frameworks for data governance and AI ethics, and fostering collaboration among schools, government, universities, and technology developers
References
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial Intelligence in Education: Promises and Implications for Teaching and Learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.
Holmes, W., Porayska-Pomsta, K., & others. (2021). Ethics of AI in Education: Towards a community-wide framework. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 31(4), 1–28.
Mandinach, E. B., & Gummer, E. S. (2016). What does it mean for teachers to be data literate: Laying out the skills, knowledge, and dispositions. Teaching and Teacher Education, 60, 366–376.
Mandinach, E. B., & Schildkamp, K. (2020). The complexity of data-based decision making: An introduction to the special issue. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 69, 100865.
Miao, F., Holmes, W., Huang, R., & Zhang, H. (2021). AI and Education: Guidance for Policy-makers. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.54675/PCSP7350
OECD. (2021). OECD Digital Education Outlook 2021: Pushing the Frontiers with Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain and Robots. OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2023). OECD Digital Education Outlook 2023: Towards an Effective Digital Education Ecosystem. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/c74f03de-en
Schildkamp, K. (2019). Data-based decision-making for school improvement: Research insights and gaps. Educational Research, 61(3), 257–273.
Schildkamp, K., Lai, M. K., & Earl, L. (Eds.). (2013). Data-Based Decision Making in Education: Challenges and Opportunities. Springer.
UNESCO. (2021). AI and Education: Guidance for Policy-makers. UNESCO Publishing.
Lesmana, M. D. L, & Hermansyah, H. (2025). Rancang bangun sistem absensi menggunakan e-KTP dengan memanfaatkan Cloud Google Spreadsheet sebagai media penyimpanan berbasis IoT di Politeknik Adiguna Maritim Indonesia Medan. Journal of Maritime and Education (JME), 7(1), 808–813.
Lesmana, M. D. L. (2023). Implementation of wireless controller using CAPsMAN (Controller Access Point System Manager) in computer laboratory of SMK Negeri 9 Medan. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematics Engineering, 2(2), 289–298.
Muttaqin, M., Yusup, M., Syaula, M., & Widodo, A. A. (2024, February). Innovation of information system-based waste bank in Pari City Village. In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Navigation, Engineering, and Aviation Technology (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 386–390).
Muttaqin, M. (2023). Rancang bangun web profile program studi Magister Ilmu Hukum Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan dalam rangka mempermudah promosi kampus. Jurnal Nasional Teknologi Komputer, 3(3), 215–226.
Yusup, M. (2022). Teknologi Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sebagai tools system pembuka pintu otomatis pada smart house. Jurnal Media Infotama, 18(2), 367–373.
Yusup, M. (2023). Analysis of chatbot development for learning and teaching principles based on service efficiency: Chatbot development for learning and teaching. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematics Engineering, 2(1), 45–51.
Yusup, M. (2023, December). The importance of using logo design as a brand image in marketing MSME products using digital technology in Kelambir V Village. In International Conference on Sciences Development and Technology (Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 79–84).
Yusup, M., & Kurniawan, R. (2024). Memahami dampak teknologi chatbot dalam pembelajaran: Analisis pemanfaatan di SMA Negeri 5 Binjai. Senashtek, 2(1), 518–524.
Yusup, M., Arpan, & Ahmad, A. (2024). Building a strong image logo design: Human-centered design approach in logo design for SMEs in Pematang Serai Village. Formosa Journal of Computer and Information Science, 3(1), 69–82.
Yusup, M., Arpan, & Ahmad, A. (2024). Implementation of a smart school learning system with Internet of Things technology at SMA Negeri II Binjai. Instal: Jurnal Komputer, 16(1), 1–9.
Yusup, M., Arpan, & Ahmad, A. (2024). Desain logo yang kuat: Dengan pendekatan human-centered design untuk UMKM di Desa Pematang Serai. ESCAF, 1384–1389.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Lutfian Yusup
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
International Conference On Islamic Community Studies, Education and Science, its website, and the articles published therein are licensed under a 
