Genetic Relationship Identification of Manila Duck (Cairina moschata) in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Keywords:
Manila Duck, Genetic Relationship, Morphometric Analysis, Phylogenetic Analysis, Mitochondrial D-loop, North SumatraAbstract
This study aimed to identify the genetic relationships among Manila duck (Cairina moschata) populations in North Sumatra through integrated morphological, morphometric, and phylogenetic analyses to support breeding programs and genetic conservation. Manila duck samples were collected from four districts: Asahan, Deli Serdang, Langkat, and Serdang Bedagai. Morphological characteristics were evaluated based on feather color patterns. Morphometric measurements included 11 parameters including body length, chest circumference, bill dimensions, and body weight. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mitochondrial D-loop sequences to assess genetic relationships between male and female populations. Results revealed significant variations in feather color patterns with white head feathers ranging from 2% to 15%. Body length varied from 253.61±3.82 cm to 276.94±6.69 cm, and body weight from 1638.36±287.33 g to 3684.14±317.11 g. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated sex-specific genetic structure with very low genetic distances among males (0.0000) and greater differentiation among females (0.0062), indicating male-biased gene flow and preservation of distinct maternal lineages. The findings provide valuable insights for systematic breeding program development and genetic resource conservation, emphasizing the importance of maintaining female genetic diversity while utilizing male genetic compatibility for improvement strategies
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