Availability & Quality of Public Open Spaces (POS) in the Medan–Deli Serdang Border Area

Abstract

The Medan–Deli Serdang border area is experiencing high urbanization pressure, making the availability and quality of Public Open Spaces (POS) crucial for public health, social inclusion, and environmental resilience. This study aims to assess the adequacy of POS in terms of quantity (coverage, distribution, and accessibility) and quality (comfort, safety, facilities, and ecological value), while also mapping the enabling and hindering factors in cross-administrative management. A descriptive–quantitative approach was employed, supported by a Strengths–Weaknesses–Opportunities–Threats (SWOT) analysis. Availability audits were conducted by calculating POS area per capita (square meters per person), spatial distribution analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS) with 400–800 meter pedestrian buffers and network analysis, and typology classification such as neighborhood parks, city parks, river corridors, and town squares. Quality audits used a composite index encompassing accessibility, thermal comfort and vegetation, safety, facilities, maintenance, and ecology, based on field surveys and user assessments.

The results indicate spatial disparities: several densely populated settlements are more than a 10-minute walk from functional POS, while some green spaces are not connected to the pedestrian network. The per capita area ratio and service coverage in several border districts remain below recommended standards, especially in newly growing zones. In terms of quality, median scores fall into the moderate category, with strengths in tree cover along river corridors and active communal spaces, and weaknesses in maintenance, nighttime lighting, universal access, and completeness of play and sports facilities. SWOT analysis identifies opportunities for integrating POS with river corridor rejuvenation programs, developing cycling and pedestrian networks, and strengthening cross-district coordination, but faces threats such as land conversion, governance fragmentation, and roadside parking pressure.

Findings emphasize that the main issues are not only insufficient area but also uneven access and management quality. Priority improvements should focus on enhancing connectivity between POS through green corridors and sidewalks, revitalizing space quality through increased tree shading, lighting, and inclusive facilities, and establishing cross-border coordination mechanisms for planning, funding, and uniform service standards. Overall, strengthening a well-connected, inclusive, and well-maintained POS network is considered more effective than adding new fragmented sites.