Bio-Priming of Seeds with Endophytic Bacterial Suspension and Compost Application for Enhancing Growth Rate of Liberica Coffee (Coffea liberica L.)
Keywords:
Coffea Liberica, Seed Biopriming, Endophytic BacteriaAbstract
Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica L.) has high adaptation advantages to marginal land conditions and tropical climate but remains rarely cultivated commercially due to challenges in the initial nursery process which requires a relatively long duration. Research about bio-priming of seeds with endophytic bacterial suspension and compost application for enhancing growth rate of liberica coffee aimed to examine the effect of endophytic bacterial suspension immersion and compost application on growing medium on the growth rate of liberica coffee as an effort to develop environmentally friendly and sustainable nursery technology. This research employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors: immersion duration (0, 6, 8, and 10 hours) and compost dose (0, 100, 150, and 200 grams), with 16 treatment combinations and five replications, followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's test. Treatment A1 (6-hour immersion) produced the best plant height of 17.23 cm at 4 months after planting (MAP), representing a 36% increase compared to control. Treatment A3 (10-hour immersion) produced the highest number of leaves at 11.12 leaves at 4 MAP, showing a 12% increase compared to control. Treatment A3 also produced the highest leaf area of 27.67 cm² at 4 MAP, representing a 37% increase compared to control, while compost treatment M2 (150 g) produced optimal results with leaf area of 27.54 cm². The combination of endophytic bacterial suspension biopriming with compost application creates an optimal synergistic system for liberica coffee seedling growth, with 6 hours immersion duration being optimal for plant height while 10 hours immersion was optimal for leaf formation and expansion, and both parameters demonstrated the capacity of endophytic bacteria to stimulate vegetative growth through phytohormone production mechanisms.
References
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Produksi kopi Indonesia 2024 tembus 807 ribu ton tertinggi dalam 10 tahun. Dataloka.id. https://dataloka.id/ekonomi/4307/produksi-kopi-indonesia-2024-tembus-807-ribu-ton-tertinggi-dalam-10-tahun/`
Etesami, H., & Glick, B. R. (2024). Bacterial indole-3-acetic acid: A key regulator for plant growth, plant-microbe interactions, and agricultural adaptive resilience. Microbiological Research, 281, 127603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2024.127603
Fiodor, A., Ajijah, N., Dziewit, L., & Pranaw, K. (2023). Biopriming of seed with plant growth-promoting bacteria for improved germination and seedling growth. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1142966. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142966
Gabuya, A. Q., Llanto, A. A., Lim, C. J. C., Torres, R. M. A., & Buot, I. E. (2024). Improved growth of coffee seedlings (Coffea canephora) under SMART irrigation system. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 23(4), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2023.11.003
Ho, T. T. K., Tran, C. S., Le, A. T. K., & Nguyen, N. H. (2022). Compost to improve sustainable soil cultivation and crop productivity. Plant, Soil and Environment, 68(12), 549-562. https://doi.org/10.17221/335/2022-PSE
Iraji, F., Jiménez-Ballesta, R., Mongil-Manso, J., Pellejero, G., Miguélez, D., Najafi, P., & González, J. M. T. (2025). The effects of compost application on soil properties: Agricultural and environmental benefits. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 14(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.57647/ijrowa-2025-8144
Kadha, F., & Neonbeni, E. Y. (2025). Comparative effect of planting media on the growth of robusta coffee seedlings (Coffea canephora L.). Agrisaintifika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, 9(3), 489-498. https://doi.org/10.32585/ags.v9i3.7268
Kadha, F., Agu, Y. P. E. S., Neonbeni, E. Y., & Kaauni, G. L. (2023). Pengaruh media tanam terhadap laju pertumbuhan bibit kopi (Coffea sp). Savana Cendana, 8(4), 223–226. https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v8i04.2329
Kadha, F., Agu, Y. P. E. S., Neonbeni, E. Y., & Kaauni, G. L. (2023). Pengaruh media tanam terhadap laju pertumbuhan bibit kopi (Coffea sp). Savana Cendana, 8(4), 223-226. https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v8i04.2329
Kong, C. K. Y., Lau, S. E., Tuan Mahmood, T. M. M., Tuan Pa, N. F. N., & Chubo, J. K. (2024). Proline priming enhances seed vigour and biochemical changes in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 47(4), 1273-1290. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.4.11
Mahmood, A., Turgay, O. C., Farooq, M., & Hayat, R. (2016). Seed biopriming with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: A review. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 92(8), fiw112. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw112
Maxiselly, Y., Rahmawati, D., & Setiawan, A. (2025). The effect of topping and various cytokinin-based plant growth regulators on the growth of Liberica coffee in the immature plant phase. Kultivasi, 24(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v24i1.62677
Miháliková, M., Matula, R., & Chyba, J. (2025). Effect of surface-applied compost on soil properties. Soil and Water Research, 20(2), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.17221/109/2024-SWR
Nasution, P. M., Warsito, K., & Setiawan, A. (2025). Induction of endophytic bacteria to enhance intracellular immunity of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) infected with Fusarium sp. in vitro. International Journal of Research and Review, 12(8), 181-185. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20250820
Phuong, N. D., Huong, D. T. M., Dung, N. T. P., Minh, T. T., & Hai, N. V. (2025). Isolation and identification of IAA-producing rhizobacteria from the rhizosphere of Robusta coffee plants in Dak Nong province, Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering, 67(1), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.31276/VJSTE.67(1).51-56
Pratiwi, E. R., Candra, D. I., Meliah, S., & Wulandari, S. (2020). Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria of Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica L. in UB Forest. Journal of Experimental Life Science, 10(2), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jels.2020.010.02.04
Purwanto, P., Suharjono, S., & Muhibuddin, A. (2022). Seed bio-priming to enhance seed germination and seedling vigor of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using rhizobacteria isolated from saline soil. Planta Tropika: Jurnal Agrosains, 10(2), 133-142. https://doi.org/10.18196/pt.v10i2.13722
Rahmawati, T. W., Santoso, S. I., & Nurfadillah, S. (2024). Analisis trend luas lahan dan produksi kopi di Indonesia. Agromedia, 42(2), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.47728/am.v42i2.553
Setiawan, B., & Warsito, K. (2025). Potential of endophytic bacteria as biocontrol of Colletotrichum coffeanum F.Noack fungus causing anthracnose in Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in vitro. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25(3), 4492–4498. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i3.9786
Shaffique, S., Imran, M., Kang, S. M., Khan, M. A., Asaf, S., Kim, W. C., & Lee, I. J. (2023). Seed Bio-priming of wheat with a novel bacterial strain to modulate drought stress in Daegu, South Korea. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1118941. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1118941
Singh, R., Pandey, K. D., Singh, M., Singh, S. K., Hashem, A., Al‐arjani, A. B. F., Abd_allah, E. F., Singh, P. K., & Kumar, A. (2022). Isolation and Characterization of Endophytes Bacterial Strains of Momordica charantia L. and Their Possible Approach in Stress Management. Microorganisms, 10(2), 0–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020290
Souza, M. P. P., Guimarães, R. J., Paim, V. R. L. M., Carvalho, J. G., & Carvalho, A. M. (2025). Beneficial bacteria improve seedling growth and nutrition and promote biological control of coffee diseases. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 136(3), lxaf050. https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxaf050
Sun, P., Huang, Y., Yang, X., Liao, A., & Wu, J. (2023). The role of indole derivative in the growth of plants: A review. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1120613. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1120613
Suriani, N. L., Al-zharani, M., Nasr, F. A., Alneghery, L. M., Suprapta, D. N., Suarsana, I. N., Resiani, N. M. D., El Enshasy, H. A., Sayyed, R., Barasarathi, J., Ho, T. S., & Yanti, Y. (2025). Rhizobacteria consortium improves growth, yield, and phytochemicals in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.). Frontiers in Microbiology, 16, 1602940. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1602940
Takala, B., & Chali, G. (2025). Integrated use of coffee husk compost and inorganic fertilizer enhances soil properties, coffee growth and yield in West Wollega, Ethiopia. Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 5(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2025.v05i01.001
Tambunan, E. (2023, Maret 30). Studi perkecambahan benih kopi liberika (Coffea sp). BBPPTP Medan, Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan.
https://balaimedan.ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/studi-perkecambahan-benih-kopi-liberika-coffea-sp/
Warsito, K., Asmaq, N., Irawan, I., & Taupik, M. (2024). Application of microgranules from endophyte bacteria in stimulating vegetative growth of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.). International Journal of Research and Review, 11(11), 437-442. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20241141
Wibowo, F. A. C., Syahputra, H., & Sulistyawati, E. (2025). Conservation of soil physical and chemical properties by application of compost and biochar in the field. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 15(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.15.1.89-98
Yunita, D. M., Hanuf, A. A., Lutfi, M. W., & Soemarno. (2025). Enhancing soil fertility in coffee plantations: Effects of biopore infiltration holes with compost (BIHC) on total soil nitrogen and plant growth. Agriverse, 1(1), 44-52.
International Conferance Of Digital Sciences And Engineering Technology , Education and Science, its website, and the articles published therein are licensed under a 
