Efforts to Fulfill and Ensure Legal Protection of Patients’ Rights in Healthcare Services
Keywords:
Patients’ Rights, Healthcare Services, Legal Protection, Health Law No. 17 of 2023Abstract
This study aims to analyze the fulfillment and legal protection of patients’ rights in healthcare services based on the Health Law No. 17 of 2023, Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024, and Ministry of Health Regulation No. 3 of 2025 concerning the Enforcement of Professional Discipline for Medical and Health Personnel. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, examining primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The analysis is conducted descriptively and qualitatively to interpret legal norms and evaluate the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks in protecting patients’ rights. The findings show that the regulation of patient rights under the 2023 Health Law, particularly Articles 4 and 276, provides a strong normative foundation for the fulfillment of rights to medical information, informed consent, privacy, safe healthcare services, and complaint mechanisms. Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024 elaborates the obligations of hospitals to deliver quality, safe, transparent, and patient safety oriented services. Meanwhile, Ministry of Health Regulation No. 3 of 2025 establishes a professional disciplinary mechanism and offers repressive protection through procedures for complaints, examinations, and sanctions by the Professional Discipline Council, including the mandatory recommendation of the Council prior to bringing a case into criminal or civil proceedings. This study concludes that Indonesia’s health regulatory framework has formed a comprehensive system of legal protection for patients through both preventive and repressive mechanisms. However, its effective implementation largely depends on the compliance of healthcare professionals, the quality of hospital governance, and the strength of government oversight.
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