Civil Legal Liability for Doctors who Commit Negligence in Immunization Health Services
Keywords:
Medical Negligence, Civil Liability, Immunization Services, Default, Unlawful ActsAbstract
Medical negligence in immunization health services raises complex legal problems related to physician civil liability, the burden of proof for patients, and inconsistencies in court decisions. This research aims to identify forms of negligence of doctors in immunization services and analyze the civil law accountability mechanism based on the provisions of the Civil Code and Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. The research method uses a juridical-normative approach with an analysis of laws and regulations, health law literature, and court decisions. The results of the study identified five categories of negligence based on the stage of service: negligence in pre-immunization screening (40%), negligence in vaccine storage (25%), negligence in the implementation of actions (20%), negligence in informed consent (10%), and negligence in handling Post-Immunization Adverse Events (5%). The accountability mechanism can be pursued through a default lawsuit based on Article 1239 jo. Article 1243 of the Civil Code or a lawsuit for unlawful acts based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code, with the application of the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur to facilitate proof. The form of compensation includes material and immaterial losses, with dispute resolution through litigation or non-litigation. This study recommends improving regulations, improving professional standards, and strengthening a legal protection system that balances patient rights and legal certainty for medical personnel.
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