Legal Aspects of Electronic Land Certificates
Keywords:
Bureaucratic Reform; Data Integration; Electronic Land Certificates; Land Administration; Legal CertaintyAbstract
The implementation of electronic land certificates in Indonesia presents a critical challenge in bridging the gap between normative legal frameworks and factual bureaucratic practice. This study examines the legal aspects of electronic land certificate implementation at the Medan City Land Office, with emphasis on legal certainty, data integrity, and institutional coordination. Employing normative legal research methodology with a statutory approach, the research identifies significant phenomena termed “service duality,” wherein public-facing service infrastructure appears modernised whilst backend data processing remains labour-intensive and manual-dependent. Findings reveal that the implementation of Ministerial Regulation ATR/BPN No. 3 of 2023 concerning Electronic Documents encounters substantial technical, organisational, and sociological impediments, including incomplete data validation, inter-agency coordination deficiencies, and persistent public scepticism regarding digital documentation. The study demonstrates that successful land administration digitalisation necessitates not merely technological substitution of physical certificates, but rather systemic transformation encompassing data integrity assurance, inter-sectoral institutional integration, and cultural-cognitive acceptance. The research proposes strategic interventions including procedural digitalisation reform, establishment of unified data reconciliation mechanisms, cybersecurity fortification with blockchain adoption, and humanistic socialisation combined with fiscal incentives. These recommendations are calibrated to achieve substantive legal reform that delivers administrative efficiency, equitable access to justice, and enhanced investment certainty.
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