Flood Risk and Vulnerability Analysis as the Basis of Disaster Mitigation Strategy in Binjai City, North Sumatra Province

Abstract

Flooding is one of the dominant environmental problems that occurs in urban areas, including in Binjai City, which has a fairly high level of risk due to a combination of natural factors and human activities. This research aims to analyze the existing conditions of flood events, assess the level of risk and vulnerability based on hazard, vulnerability, and capacity, and formulate appropriate disaster mitigation strategies. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with secondary data analysis, literature studies, and document studies from related agencies. The results of the study show that the existing flood conditions in Binjai City are influenced by the relatively flat topography of the area, limited river capacity, suboptimal drainage system, and land use changes that reduce water catchment areas. The risk analysis shows that the level of flood danger is in the medium to high category, while the level of community vulnerability is relatively high due to population density, settlements in flood-prone areas, and low environmental awareness. On the other hand, the flood management capacity is still in the medium category and has not been able to optimally compensate for the level of danger and vulnerability, so that the overall level of flood risk is categorized as high. Based on these findings, the recommended mitigation strategies include a structural approach through improving drainage infrastructure and river normalization, a non-structural approach through risk-based spatial planning and strengthening of early warning systems, and a collaborative approach through increased community participation and cross-sectoral partnerships. The integration of these three approaches is expected to be able to increase regional resilience and reduce the risk of flooding in Binjai City in a sustainable manner.