The Urgency of Criminal Law Policy Reformulation in Addressing Algorithm Based Online Gambling in the Digital Era
Keywords:
Online Gambling, Algorithm, Criminal Law Policy, Digital Law Reform, ITE LawAbstract
Online gambling has evolved significantly in the digital era, driven by algorithmic technology that enables platforms to operate across jurisdictions while evading conventional legal frameworks. This study examines the urgency of reformulating criminal law policy regarding algorithm based online gambling in Indonesia, where existing regulations primarily Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law) as amended by Law No. 19 of 2016, and Law No. 7 of 1974 on Gambling Control are increasingly inadequate in addressing the sophistication of modern digital gambling platforms. Employing normative legal research through statute, conceptual, and case approaches, this study analyzes the gap between the ideal legal framework (das sollen) and implementation realities (das sein). The findings indicate that current criminal provisions lack technical specificity regarding algorithmic manipulation, cross border jurisdiction, and digital asset based transactions. Furthermore, law enforcement discretion remains fragmented due to the absence of comprehensive digital gambling legislation. This study argues that Indonesia urgently requires a reformulated criminal law policy that incorporates algorithmic governance principles, strengthened inter agency digital law enforcement coordination, and adaptive penal provisions responsive to technological developments. A specialized Digital Gambling Control Law is recommended to address algorithmic design liability, platform operator responsibility, and consumer protection mechanisms.
References
A. Wahyudi and M. Pratama, "Kejahatan siber berbasis teknologi kecerdasan buatan: Tantangan hukum dan respons kebijakan di Indonesia," Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 301–325, 2022.
Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK), "Laporan Tahunan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan Mencurigakan 2023," Jakarta: PPATK, 2024.
R. Pranata and D. Hidayat, "Analisis teknis pseudo random number generator pada platform perjudian daring dan implikasi hukumnya," Jurnal Teknologi dan Hukum, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 45–62, 2023.
Republik Indonesia, Undang Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 jo. Undang Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2016 Nomor 251.
Y. Kurniawan and F. Saputra, "Efektivitas penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perjudian online di Indonesia: Studi empiris 2020–2023," Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 287–305, 2023.
H. Aspan, "Diskresi Aparat Penegak Hukum dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana," Jurnal Hukum, 2021.
D. Anindita, M. Purba, and F. Rafianti, "Juridical analysis of online gambling behavior that causes divorce in Indonesia (Analysis of Decision Number 37/Pdt.G/2020/Ms.Sus)," in Proc. Int. Conf. Epicentrum of Economic Global Framework, Jun. 2025, pp. 515–525.
M. Hutagalung and T. R. Zarzani, "An implementation of restorative justice in settlement framework criminal acts fraud and employment to provide useful and fair legal guarantee (Study in Police Regional North Sumatra)," Legal Brief, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2148–2154, 2022.
R. A. Fikri, A. R. M. Siregar, and F. Rafianti, "Restorative justice efforts to provide a sense of justice for children," Int. J. Manag. Soc. Sci., vol. 10, no. 10, 2022.
Republik Indonesia, Undang Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Pidana, Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2023 Nomor 1.
European Parliament and Council, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 Laying Down Harmonised Rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act), Official Journal of the European Union, 2024.
M. A. Siregar, R. F. Adrian, and M. J. Rambe, Menelusuri Perjalanan Lahirnya Konsep Sistem Hukum Pidana dan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia. Penerbit Tahta Media, 2023.
I. Setiawan and R. Wijaya, "Reformasi kebijakan hukum pidana Indonesia dalam perspektif KUHP Baru 2023: Analisis kritis terhadap pembaruan substansi pemidanaan," Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 812–835, 2022.
A. Prayitno and L. Santoso, "Smart regulation sebagai paradigma baru pengaturan aktivitas ilegal di ruang digital: Perspektif hukum Indonesia," Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 201–218, 2023.
M. A. Siregar, Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia. Medan: Pustaka Prima, 2024.
B. Hamzah and T. Nugroho, "Asas legalitas dalam hukum pidana Indonesia menghadapi tantangan era digital: Antara kepastian hukum dan adaptivitas regulasi," Jurnal Konstitusi, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 145–170, 2024.
H. Sari and M. Budiman, "Technology neutral drafting sebagai pendekatan regulasi adaptif dalam menghadapi kejahatan berbasis kecerdasan buatan di Indonesia," Jurnal Hukum dan Teknologi Informasi, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 88–107, 2023.
T. R. Zarzani, B. Fitrianto, and S. Annisa, "The idea of renewing terrorism criminal law in Indonesia as an effort to overcome terrorism based on the justice values," Int. J. Law Reconstruction, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 38–55, 2024.
F. Hiariej and D. Rahardjo, "Pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi di Indonesia pasca KUHP Baru: Perkembangan doktrin dan tantangan implementasi," Mimbar Hukum, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 456–478, 2022.
A. Rasyid and H. Prasetyo, "Konstruksi pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dalam kejahatan ekonomi digital: Antara teori identifikasi dan respondeat superior," Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 78–102, 2024.
F. Rafianti, T. R. Zarzani, and A. Sahlepi, "Halal drug supervision from the perspective of Maqasid Syari'ah and Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health," J. Res. Soc. Sci. Humanit., vol. 5, no. 4, 2025.
M. F. Daulay, T. R. Zarzani, and H. Aspan, "Urgensi perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen peer to peer (P2P) lending di Indonesia," Jurnal Rectum: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 503–515, 2022.
N. Kusumaatmadja and P. Sunarto, "Perkembangan asas legalitas dalam hukum pidana komparatif: Relevansinya bagi pembaruan hukum pidana Indonesia," Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 210–234, 2023.
S. Maulana and R. Azhari, "Problematika penerapan Pasal 27 ayat (2) Undang Undang ITE terhadap platform judi online berbasis algoritma kecerdasan buatan," Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 33–52, 2024.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung RI. [Online]. Available: https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id. [Accessed: 2024].
M. T. Alfiansyah, A. R. Nasution, and T. R. Zarzani, "Pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi pelaku aborsi sebagai korban perkosaan," Judge: Jurnal Hukum, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 1752–1759, 2026.
K. Situmorang and B. Wibowo, "Yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial dalam penegakan hukum pidana siber lintas batas: Perspektif hukum internasional dan implementasinya di Indonesia," Jurnal Hukum Internasional, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 189–214, 2024.
E. C. Tarigan and H. Aspan, "Dampak overkapasitas di lembaga pemasyarakatan terhadap pemenuhan hak hak narapidana di Rutan Kelas IIB Kabanjahe," Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 287–295, 2025.
T. Hartono and A. Setiawan, "Pembuktian digital dalam tindak pidana siber: Tantangan chain of custody dan standar keaslian barang bukti elektronik di Indonesia," Jurnal Hukum Acara Perdata, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 56–78, 2023.
D. Prasetyo and A. Firmansyah, "Pola viktimisasi kejahatan siber di Indonesia: Kajian kriminologi empiris berbasis data 2019–2022," Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 101–125, 2022.
R. Setiawati and H. Wahyudi, "Mekanisme near miss effect dan variable ratio reinforcement pada platform judi online: Perspektif psikologi kognitif dan implikasi kebijakan perlindungan konsumen digital," Jurnal Psikologi dan Hukum, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 21–40, 2024.
D. Maryana, H. Aspan, and Y. Mandasari, "Juridical review of the implementation of security and data protection aspects of electronic medical records in accordance with PMK number 24 of 2022 concerning medical records," in Proc. Int. Conf. Epicentrum of Economic Global Framework, 2024, pp. 1–9.
P. Widodo and S. Raharja, "Regulasi perjudian online di kawasan Asia Pasifik: Kajian komparatif model pengaturan dan relevansinya bagi reformasi hukum Indonesia," Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 145–169, 2024.
R. Rahmayanti, T. R. Zarzani, S. Sukarwoto, and S. Diriyanti, "Tinjauan yuridis terhadap tindak pidana kekerasan fisik di lingkungan pendidikan tinggi (menggunakan system boarding school)," Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 10134–10147, 2024.
A. Irianto, F. Rafianti, and M. A. Siregar, "Juridical analysis of the land bank agency as a land provider institution for the government in implementing agrarian reform," in Proc. Int. Conf. Epicentrum of Economic Global Framework, Jun. 2025, pp. 446–452.
Republik Indonesia, Undang Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi, Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2022 Nomor 196.
I. Fatmawati, R. A. Fikri, and M. A. Siregar, Peradilan Adat dan Restoratif dalam Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia. Penerbit Tahta Media, 2023.
W. Santosa and D. Kusuma, "Kesenjangan kapasitas teknis aparat penegak hukum dalam penanganan kejahatan digital: Evaluasi dan agenda reformasi," Jurnal Ilmu Kepolisian, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 67–88, 2024.
F. H. Pardede, S. Nurhayati, and H. Aspan, "Perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja outsourcing (Studi pada PT. Arina Tama Persada)," Jurnal Christian Humaniora, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 157–176, 2025.
T. M. A. Fitra, T. R. Zarzani, H. Aspan, and M. A. Siregar, "Inheritance distribution for heirs of different religions: A juridical review based on the compilation of Islamic law in Indonesia," in Proc. Int. Conf. Islamic Community Studies, Oct. 2025, pp. 6733–6738.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Carlos Hutabarat, Henry Aspan; Mhd. Azhali Siregar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
International Conference On Islamic Community Studies, Education and Science, its website, and the articles published therein are licensed under a 
