Reconstruction of Criminal Law Enforcement against Disaster-Based Environmental Crimes in the Perspective of the 2023 Criminal Code (A Study at the Sibolga Resort Police)
Keywords:
Environmental Crime, Criminal Law Enforcement, Ecological Justice, Environmental Protection, 2023 Criminal Code, Sibolga Resort PoliceAbstract
The increasing development of environmental crimes in Indonesia has created serious threats to environmental sustainability and public safety, particularly in coastal regions vulnerable to disaster-based environmental damage. Environmental crimes are no longer limited to administrative violations but have evolved into criminal acts capable of causing ecological disasters, social losses, and economic instability within affected communities. This study aims to analyze the implementation of criminal law enforcement against disaster-based environmental crimes within the jurisdiction of the Sibolga Resort Police from the perspective of the 2023 Criminal Code and to formulate an ideal reconstruction of environmental criminal law enforcement capable of realizing public protection and ecological justice. This research employs an empirical normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data were obtained through library research, document studies, and interviews with law enforcement officers and related parties. The findings indicate that environmental criminal law enforcement in the Sibolga jurisdiction has not yet operated optimally due to structural and substantive obstacles, including limited scientific evidence, weak inter-agency coordination, and the dominance of administrative approaches over criminal mechanisms. The study further finds that the reconstruction of environmental criminal law enforcement should emphasize ecological justice through integrated law enforcement, environmental restoration, stronger criminal sanctions, and active community participation. Therefore, strengthening institutional coordination and improving the capacity of law enforcement officers are necessary to establish responsive, effective, and sustainable environmental criminal law enforcement.
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