Characteristics of the Ideal Teacher From Imam Al-Ghazali’s Perspective: An Islamic Education Study of Minhāj Al-Muta‘Allim

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the ideal teacher from Imam al-Ghazali’s perspective through an examination of Minhāj al-Muta‘allim and to explain its relevance to contemporary Islamic education. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research, with Minhāj al-Muta‘allim by Imam Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazali as the primary source, supported by various relevant scholarly works. Data were analyzed using content analysis through the stages of identification, categorization, interpretation, and formulation of research findings. The findings indicate that, according to al-Ghazali, an ideal teacher does not merely function as a transmitter of knowledge, but also serves as a moral and spiritual guide and as a facilitator in shaping students’ character and personality. The main characteristics of an ideal teacher include scholarly competence (al-‘ilm), the practice and embodiment of knowledge, moral integrity, compassion toward students, patience, exemplary conduct, and spiritual responsibility. These concepts remain highly relevant to contemporary Islamic education, as they correspond with the need for educators who are able to integrate professionalism, pedagogical competence, and moral values into the learning process. Al-Ghazali’s thought in Minhāj al-Muta‘allim makes an important contribution to the development of an educational model that is not solely oriented toward the transfer of knowledge, but also toward the formation of individuals who are knowledgeable, morally grounded, and spiritually conscious.