The Urgency of Enforcement of The Implementation of The Ultimum Remedium Principle Against Environmental Crimes in Indonesia
Keywords:
Ultimum Remedium, Law Enforcement, Environment, Criminal Law, Corporation.Abstract
The ultimum remedium principle is a doctrine in criminal law that places criminal sanctions as the last resort after administrative and civil law instruments have proven ineffective in addressing violations. In the context of environmental law in Indonesia, the implementation of this principle becomes problematic when serious environmental violations that cause significant harm to communities and ecosystems are sanctioned only with administrative penalties, resulting in a lack of deterrent effect. This study aims to analyze the urgency of applying the ultimum remedium principle in the enforcement of environmental law in Indonesia by examining normative, juridical, and practical aspects. The research method used is normative juridical, employing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The results of the study indicate that although the ultimum remedium principle is regulated in Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, its implementation has been inconsistent. Many corporate offenders responsible for pollution are only subject to administrative sanctions without criminal prosecution, thus weakening the deterrent effect of environmental criminal law. Therefore, the ultimum remedium principle remains necessary but should be applied selectively and proportionally to prevent impunity for serious environmental offenders.
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