Leadership and Motivation in Public Service: Understanding Civil Servant Performance through Workplace Realities in Medan Johor Sub-District Office

Abstract

This study explores how leadership and work motivation shape the performance of civil servants within the context of public service in Indonesia. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research investigates the lived experiences of employees at the Medan Johor Sub-District Office to uncover the social, organizational, and leadership factors influencing their work behavior. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, and then analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns and meanings. The findings reveal that leadership style plays a pivotal role in shaping motivation, discipline, and a sense of responsibility among employees. Transformational and participative leadership practices were found to enhance intrinsic motivation and foster a supportive work environment that contributes to improved performance. Conversely, bureaucratic rigidity and limited feedback mechanisms often diminish motivation and creativity. This study contributes to public management literature by emphasizing that effective leadership in the civil service context should balance authority with empathy and empowerment. The implications highlight the need for leadership development programs and motivational strategies tailored to Indonesia’s public sector culture.