Design of 220 V AC Dimmer Circuit for Motor Speed Control
Keywords:
Motor Speed Control, Dimmer, Phase ControlAbstract
This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of an AC dimmer circuit for controlling the speed of a single-phase AC motor operating on 220 V rms, 50 Hz supply. The dimmer is based on phase-angle control using a TRIAC (BT136) and DIAC (DB3) trigger circuit with an RC timing network and a potentiometer for user adjustment. The design goals were smooth speed variation, electrical safety, and minimal harmonic distortion within practical budget constraints. Experimental results show that the circuit allows speed control from approximately 30% to 100% of rated speed with acceptable torque for light-load conditions. Voltage waveform measurements confirm phase-cut behavior; power efficiency under tested loads averaged ~86–89%. Recommendations for improved performance include snubber optimization, EMI filtering, and implementing closed-loop control with microcontroller-based phase-angle firing for better torque regulation.
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