Analysis of Exhaust Gas Utilization at Belawan Gas Turbine Power Plant (PLTG) Lot 3 to Improve Efficiency through a Combined Cycle System with a Steam Turbine
Keywords:
Gas Turbine (GT); Combined Cycle (CCPP); HRSG; Waste Heat Recovery; Combined-Cycle Integration; Power-Plant Efficiency.Abstract
This study analyzes the utilization of the exhaust gas from the Belawan Lot 3 gas turbine (GTPP) via a single‑pressure Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) to improve plant efficiency and reduce emissions in line with Indonesia’s NZE 2060 target. The reference HRSG design adopts T_gas,in = 537 °C, p_drum = 93 barA (T_sat ≈ 306 °C), pinch point (PP) = 10 °C, feedwater = 135 °C, and main steam at 510 °C @ 83 barA. The methodology covers characterization of the flue gas, segment‑wise HRSG energy balances (superheater/evaporator and economizer), estimation of steam turbine power, and calculation of plant efficiency and specific CO₂ intensity. Results indicate a steam flow rate of 59.97 kg/s (~215.88 t/h), with 122.4 MWth recovered in the evaporator+superheater and 48.6 MWth in the economizer, totaling 171.1 MWth. The predicted stack temperature is ~228 °C, safely above the acid dew point for HSD fuel (~160 °C). The HRSG steam can drive the steam turbine generator to produce 48.42 MW, raising overall plant efficiency from 31.30% (simple cycle) to 48.34% (combined cycle) at the same fuel flow. Furthermore, the combined‑cycle integration reduces the electrical CO₂ intensity from 0.852 to 0.552 kg/kWh (≈35% reduction). These findings confirm the technical feasibility of integrating the PLTG Belawan Lot 3 exhaust with the PLTU Belawan Unit 4 to enhance plant efficiency while lowering specific emissions.
References
A. Ahmed, K. K. Esmaeil, M. A. Irfan, and F. A. Al-Mufadi, “Design methodology of heat recovery steam generator in electric utility for waste heat recovery,” Int. J. Low-Carbon Technol., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 369–379, 2018, doi: 10.1093/ijlct/cty045.
ASME, PTC 22-2023: Performance Test Code on Gas Turbines. New York, NY, USA: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023.
M. P. Boyce, Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook, 4th ed. Oxford, U.K.: Elsevier, 2017.
Esteem Projects, “Heat balance – free HRSG design tutorial,” 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.esteemprojects.com/library/HRSG-Design/page4.html. [Accessed: Aug. 11, 2025].
P. J. Linstrom and W. G. Mallard, Eds., NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database No. 69. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry. [Accessed: Aug. 25, 2025].
International Energy Agency (IEA), Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector. Paris, France: OECD/IEA, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050. [Accessed: Aug. 29, 2025].
Directorate General of Electricity (DGE), Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) and Danish Energy Agency (DEA), Technology Data for the Indonesian Power Sector: Catalogue for Generation and Storage of Electricity, Mar. 2024. Jakarta, Indonesia & Copenhagen, Denmark. [Online]. Available: https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads/download_index/files/c4d42-technology-data-for-the-indonesian-power-sector-2024-annoteret-af-kb-.pdf. [Accessed: Aug. 29, 2025].
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, vol. 2. Kanagawa, Japan: IGES, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/. [Accessed: Sept. 1, 2025].
H. Jouhara, N. Khordehgah, S. Almahmoud, B. Delpech, A. Chauhan, and S. A. Tassou, “Waste heat recovery technologies and applications,” Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 6, pp. 268–289, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2018.04.017.
J. Kotowicz and M. Brzęczek, “Analysis of increasing efficiency of modern combined cycle power plant: A case study,” Energy, vol. 153, pp. 90–99, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.030.
Google, Google Earth Pro, ver. 7.x. Imagery © 2025 Maxar/Google. [Software]. [Accessed: Oct. 2025].
F. J. Brooks, “GE gas turbine performance characteristics,” GER-3567H, GE Power Systems, Schenectady, NY, USA, Oct. 2000. [Online]. Available: https://www.gevernova.com/content/dam/gepower-new/global/en_US/downloads/gas-new-site/resources/reference/ger-3567h-ge-gas-turbine-performance-characteristics.pdf. [Accessed: Oct. 2, 2025].
C. Ononogbo, E. C. Nwosu, G. N. Nwaji, and E. E. Anyanwu, “Opportunities of waste heat recovery from various sources: Review of technologies and implementation,” Heliyon, vol. 9, e13590, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13590.
PT PLN (Persero), Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL) 2025–2034. Jakarta, Indonesia: PT PLN, 2025.
P. Sinaga, S. Moersidik, and U. Hamzah, “Life cycle assessment of a combined cycle power plant in Indonesia,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 716, 012122, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/716/1/012122.
ISO, ISO 2533:1975 Standard Atmosphere. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO, 1975.
I. Utami, Load Optimization and Performance of a Combined Cycle Power Plant Block 4 PT Indonesia Power Priok POMU, M.S. thesis, Univ. of Warwick, Coventry, U.K., 2022. [Online]. Available: https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/170562/. [Accessed: Oct. 7, 2025].
W. Wagner and A. Pruss, “The IAPWS formulation 1995 for the thermodynamic properties of ordinary water substance,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 387–535, 2002, doi: 10.1063/1.1461829.
B. Wicaksono, A. Priambodo, and R. Fadhilah, “Life cycle assessment of combined cycle power plant in Tanjung Priok, Indonesia,” J. Manajemen dan Teknologi, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 88–101, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jmdt/article/view/108698. [Accessed: Oct. 7, 2025].
Gas Turbine World 2021 Handbook, vol. 36. Southport, CT, USA: Pequot Publishing, 2021, pp. 82–90.
M. E. Dalimunthe, Z. Lubis, E. Sutejo, and D. P. Sari, “Analisis solar cell sebagai sumber energi alternatif pada Gedung I Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi,” Scenario (Seminar of Social Sciences Engineering and Humaniora), pp. 89–99, Apr. 2023. [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.pancabudi.ac.id/index.php/scenario/article/view/4506. [Accessed: Oct. 27, 2025].
Z. Tharo and E. Syahputra, “Pemanfaatan PLTS 500 Wp off-grid ditinjau dari penyusutan biaya tagihan dan lama waktu kerja,” Scenario (Seminar of Social Sciences Engineering and Humaniora), pp. 118–122, Jun. 2022. [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.pancabudi.ac.id/index.php/scenario/article/view/4190. [Accessed: Oct. 27, 2025].
P. Siagian, Hamdani, and M. E. Dalimunthe, “Mitigation of solar cell heat by using sunscreen film,” Proceeding International Conference Gebyar Hari Keputeraan Prof. H. Kadirun Yahya, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://journal.pancabudi.ac.id/index.php/keputeraan/article/view/4274. [Accessed: Oct. 27, 2025].
A. W. S. Sihombing, D. Erivianto, and M. E. Dalimunthe, “Feasibility analysis of diesel power plant operations (PLTD) in North Sumatra,” Holistic Science, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 83–91, 2025, doi: 10.56495/hs.v5i1.1028.
S. Anisah, R. Bachtiar, and Z. Tharo, “Kajian dampak limbah-limbah listrik (lampu penerangan) terhadap lingkungan,” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik (SEMNASTEK) UISU, pp. 74–81, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/semnastek/article/view/3025. [Accessed: Oct. 27, 2025].
Y. B. Lumbantobing, P. Wibowo, and Z. Tharo, “Analisis minor inspection PLTGU Unit 1 PT. PLN Nusantara Power UP Belawan terhadap peningkatan nilai ekonomis,” Jurnal Nasional Teknologi Komputer, vol. 5, no. 3, Jul. 2025. [Online]. Available: https://publikasi.hawari.id/index.php/jnastek/article/view/206. [Accessed: Oct. 27, 2025].
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Arighi Denny Saputra, Pristisal Wibowo; Siti Anisah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
International Conference On Islamic Community Studies, Education and Science, its website, and the articles published therein are licensed under a 
