The Competence of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Teachers in Fostering Critical Thinking and Tolerance among Students at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 01 Medan Kota

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the competence of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in fostering critical thinking and tolerance among students at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 01 Medan Kota. The competence of PAI teachers not only encompasses mastery of teaching materials but also pedagogical, social, and personal skills that support the creation of a learning environment that encourages students to think critically while cultivating mutual respect. The research employed a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews involving teachers, students, and the school principal, conducted from late June to early August 2025. The findings reveal that PAI teachers implement reflective strategies through thematic discussions to stimulate students’ critical thinking, as well as contextual approaches based on religious values to instill tolerance. These results highlight the strategic role of PAI teachers as agents of religious moderation in elementary schools.