Legal Asessment of Mediation Effectiveness in Patient-Hospital Medical Dispute Resolution
Keywords:
Alternative Dispute Resolution, Health Law, Mediation Effectiveness, Medical Disputes, Patient-Hospital RelationsAbstract
The complexity of legal relationships between patients and hospitals in Indonesia continues to experience significant dynamics, with medical disputes increasing substantially and requiring clear regulations for effective resolution. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of mediation in resolving medical disputes between patients and hospitals based on Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, examine the implementation of Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2016 on Court Mediation Procedures, and formulate an optimal synergy model between both regulations to enhance mediation effectiveness. This study employs a normative juridical qualitative approach through library research, analyzing primary legal sources including both regulations and secondary sources comprising legal textbooks, national and international journal articles, and expert opinions published from 2020 to present. The findings reveal that Law No. 17 of 2023 establishes a progressive paradigm prioritizing non-litigation resolution through mandatory mediation before judicial proceedings, reflecting restorative philosophy to restore doctor-patient trust, while PERMA No. 1 of 2016 provides a comprehensive procedural framework with a maximum 60-day timeframe and settlement reinforcement with executorial power. However, implementation faces challenges including limited dual-competent mediators in law and clinical aspects, bargaining position imbalances, low public legal literacy, and inadequate supporting infrastructure. Strategic recommendations include establishing certified specialized mediator lists through collaboration between medical councils and certification institutions, technical harmonization between the Ministry of Health and Supreme Court, developing integrated monitoring systems, intensive public socialization, utilizing digital technology, and strengthening derivative regulations for standardized protocols to create a fast, fair, restorative dispute resolution ecosystem while maintaining patient safety standards.
References
Christian and H. Yusuf, “Peran Etika dan Hukum Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Medik di Rumah Sakit,” Jiic: Jurnal Intelek Insan Cendikia, vol. 2, pp. 1399–1414, 2025. Available: https://jicnusantara.com/index.php/jiic
K. Dimitrov and T. Miteva-Katrandzhieva, “Mediation in Healthcare: Enhancing Conflict Resolution Between Patients and Physicians Beyond the Courtroom,” Cureus, vol. 16, no. 12, 2024, doi: 10.7759/cureus.75487.
Flori and H. Yusuf, “Perkembangan Hukum Kesehatan dan Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Medik,” JICC: Jurnal Intelek Insan Cendikia, vol. 1, no. 9, pp. 5234–5241, 2024.
Available: https://jicnusantara.com/index.php/jiic
W. Lin et al., “A knowledge, attitude, and practice survey on mediation among clinicians in a tertiary-care hospital in Singapore,” PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1–12, 2018. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199885.
J. Lindsey and M. Doyle, “Navigating conflict: The role of mediation in healthcare disputes,”
Clinical Ethics, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 26–34, 2024, doi: 10.1177/14777509231196699.
Maryanto and I. Triadi, “Penyelesaian Sengketa Kesehatan Dengan Metode Non Litigasi, Mediasi, Arbitrase Dan Alternatif Lainnya,” Journal of Law Perspectives Review, vol. 1, pp. 43– 52, 2025.
M. S. Muhammadiyah, M. A. Fhad, M. H. Muhtar, and A. Rustan, Metode Penelitian Hukum, 2024
S. R. Muhlis, I. Nambung, and S. Alwy, “Kekuatan Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Medik Pasien dengan Rumah Sakit Melalui Jalur Mediasi,” Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum, vol. 5, no. 1,
pp. 31–40, 2020.
Y. Prayuti et al., “Efektivitas Mediasi dan Arbitrase dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Kesehatan,” Journal Syntax IDEA, vol. 6, no. 03, pp. 167–186, 2024.
H. Ramadhon and H. Yusuf, “Analisis Mediasi sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Medik dalam Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan,” Jiic: Jurnal Intelek Insan Cendikia, vol. 1, no. 9,
pp. 4978–4987, 2024. Available: https://jicnusantara.com/index.php/jiic
M. Sihotang and Z. A. Hoesein, “Standar Profesionalisme Dokter dan Hak Pasien dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Medik melalui Mediasi,” Jurnal Retentum, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 205–215, 2025.
U. P. Nasution, “Efektivitas Mediasi dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Medis,” Widya Pranata Hukum: Jurnal Kajian dan Penelitian Hukum, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 129–133, 2020. Available: (webcache URL)
G. Widjaja, “Optimalisasi Mediasi dan Arbitrase Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Antara Tenaga Medis dan Pasien Berdasarkan UU No. 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan,” Journal of Community Dedication, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 122–136, 2025.
G. Widjaja, “Peningkatan Efektivitas Penyelesaian Sengketa Medis Melalui Alternatif Non- Litigasi Pasca Penerapan UU No. 17 Tahun 2023,” Journal of Community Dedication, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2025.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Minar Mushari, Redyanto Sidi; Irsyam Risdawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
International Conference On Islamic Community Studies, Education and Science, its website, and the articles published therein are licensed under a 
