SWOT Analysis of Financing and Operational Sustainability of Domestic Wastewater Management in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province

Abstract

Sustainable domestic wastewater management is a crucial aspect in maintaining environmental quality and improving public health. This study aims to analyze the existing conditions of domestic wastewater management and identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) factors in its financing and operational systems, as well as formulate sustainable management strategies. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation, which is analyzed using the SWOT approach. The results of the study show that domestic wastewater management in Deli Serdang Regency is still not optimal, characterized by the dominance of on-call-based service systems, the availability of infrastructure such as IPLT that is adequate but has a transport fleet, and low service coverage. From the financing aspect, services still depend on the local government budget with an ineffective levy system, so it has not yet achieved cost recovery. In addition, operational sustainability is also affected by limited institutional capacity, low community participation, and suboptimal implementation of regulations. The SWOT analysis shows that despite strengths in the form of policy support and development opportunities through partnerships and national programs, internal weaknesses are still the dominant factors that hinder service development. Therefore, the recommended strategies include strengthening institutional capacity, developing innovative financing schemes such as PPP and cross-subsidies, improving infrastructure and operational systems, and strengthening community participation. Thus, an integrated approach between technical, institutional, and financing aspects is the key to realizing effective and sustainable domestic wastewater management in Deli Serdang Regency.