Restorative Justice in the Implementation of Criminal Sanctions in the Form of Fines and Community Service for Perpetrators of Minor Physical Violence in the Household According to Law No. 1 of 2023
Keywords:
Restorative Justice; Criminal Fines; Social Work; Domestic Violence; National Criminal Code.Abstract
The development of Indonesian criminal law through Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code marks a shift in the paradigm of punishment from a repressive approach to a more proportional, rehabilitative, and restorative approach. One important reform in the National Criminal Code is the introduction of alternative punishments in the form of fines and community service as punishment instruments aimed at reducing the dominance of imprisonment, including for certain crimes with a relatively low level of culpability and social impact. In the context of minor physical violence in the household, the application of alternative punishments is relevant because such crimes involve not only the punishment of the perpetrator but also consider the continuity of family relationships, victim recovery, social balance, and protection of the household structure. However, the application of fines and community service to perpetrators of minor physical violence in the household has sparked debate regarding their effectiveness in ensuring a sense of justice, victim protection, and the ability to create a restorative effect compared to conventional punishment approaches. This study aims to analyze the relevance of the concept of restorative justice to the application of fines and community service for perpetrators of minor physical violence in the household and examine whether the application of alternative punishments in the New Criminal Code is able to create a balance between the interests of victims, perpetrators, and society. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach, conceptual, and case approach through an analysis of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, criminal law doctrine, restorative justice theory, and modern criminal concepts. The results of the study indicate that the application of fines and community service has a strong relevance to the principles of restorative justice because it is able to encourage social recovery, reduce stigmatization of perpetrators, maintain the continuity of family relations, and open up space for a more proportional resolution of minor physical violence in the household. On the other hand, the effectiveness of alternative punishments in creating a balance between the interests of victims, perpetrators, and society is still influenced by the implementation mechanism, the quality of supervision, protection of victims, and the ability of the legal system to ensure that alternative punishments do not reduce the accountability of perpetrators for their actions.
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